History and Systems Test 3
The leaders of the _____ immediately supported the Nazi regime and proclaimed the "evil influence" of the Jews.
German Psychological Society
Who had a theory of tropisms?
Loeb
Thorndike's ideas about the stamping in or stamping out of a response tendency led to his statement of
the law of effect
For Hull, drive reduction is
the sole basis for reinforcement.
AN approach to learning termed ______ was developed by Thorndike.
Connectionism
What led Pavlov to shift from a study of theology to that of animal psychology?
Darwin's theory
Which of the following men devoted 10 years to the experimental investigation of hypnotic suggestibility?
Hull
This man at John Hopkins University hired Watson and one year later was forced to resign because of a scandal.
James Mark Baldwin
One part of the cerebral cortex is essentially equal to another in its contribution to learning; this is ______ principle of _______.
Lashely's; equipotentiality
Watson adopted the conditioned reflex method of research established by
Pavolv and Bekhterev.
For Watson, the mentalistic term thinking could be
Redefined as the behavior of subvocal talking Measured by its behavior correlates (gestures) Observed in measures of movements of the vocal apparatus ALL OF THE ABOVE
The author of The Behavior of Organisms was
Skinner.
This person claimed that his own life was "predetermined, lawful, and orderly" just as his system would predict.
Skinner.
The 'last stand' of mentalistic interpretations of animal behavior was the test _____ written by____.
The Animal Mind; Washburn
Which of the following statements best describes the change that took place in animal psychology following the work of Romanes and Morgan?
The field became more objective as mentalistic terms were dropped from the descriptions of behavior.
Who argued that consciousness, as a concept, was an unaprovable as the concept of the soul?
Watson
Gestalt psychology started as a movement opposed to
Wundt's approach.
Kohler argued that solving a problem requires
a restructuring of the perceptual field.
Bekhterev
applied Pavlovian principles to the muscles.
The use of positive reinforcement to control the behavior of individuals and groups is called
behavior modification.
For Loeb, if an animal's response is forced by a stimulus, the
behavior requires no inferences about consciousness.
According to Tolman's learning theory, as a rat learns all of the sign-Gestalt relationships in a maze, the rat has acquired a
cognitive map.
According to Lewin, life space
corresponds to all the events that can influence a person's behavior.
The Gestalt protest against Wundt's system focused on his
elementism.
Thorndike and Hull agreed that, in order for learning to occur, the organism must
experience reinforcement occurring after a response.
According to Watson, the three fundamental emotions displayed by infants were
fear rage, and love.
Animals tend to substitute instinctive behaviors for behaviors that have been reinforced. This tendency is called
instinctual drift.
Hull intended to express the laws of behavior in the language of
mathematics.
After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, Watson
published for the American public through popular media.
Edward C. Tolman's system combining the objective study of behavior with the consideration of goal-orientation in behavior is called
purposive behaviorism.
The thrust of Gestalt psychology's attack on behaviorism focused on the latter's
reductionism.
Watson proposed that society as a whole could be improved by
replacing religion-based ethics.
Pavlov ________.
replicated Kohler's work, but found it to be chaotic.
Parents and employers must determine when and under what conditions children will be rewarded and employees will be paid. In both cases, they must select
schedules of reinforcement.
Watson argued that areas of applied psychology can be considered scientific because they
seek general laws for the prediction and control of behavior.
Watson's position on child rearing was
that of a strong environmentalist.
The importance of perceptual constancies in the Wundt versus Gestalt debate was that the experience supported
the Gestalt position that "completeness" of an experience is not altered when the actual sensory components of the experience are altered.
Thorndike's particular contribution to behaviorism was his focus on
the experimental method.
In Hull's system, habit strength is
the strength of the S-R connection.
The Gestalt psychologists initially chose to focus on perception
to challenge Wundtian psychology directly.
In the typical conditioning experiment done by Pavlov, the food placed in the dog's mouth is called the
unconditioned stimulus
Watson argued that consumer behavior was
under the control of fundamental or conditioned emotional stimulus.
Skinner's research was unique among that of the neobehaviorists in his
use of the single-subject deign, relative lack of a theoretical framework, concern with describing rater than explaining behavior, rejection of variables inside the organism ALL OF THE ABOVE
A type of reinforcement identified by Bandura is
vicarious.
Kohler argued that trial-and-error learning
was a consequence of not allowing the subject to see the whole situation.
Mary Cover Jones' study of Peter
was a forerunner of behavior therapy.
To the end of his life, Skinner questioned whether psychology could be a science if it
was a science of the mind.
Kohler's research on Tenerife
was analyzed based solely on his descriptions of incidents
Tolman's concept of cognitive maps, i.e., that the animal learns the "whole." might be traced to his work
with Koffka during graduate school.