history

Lyndon Johnson must bear great responsibility for the American problems in the Vietnam War because he:

failed to confront the American people with the stark reality of the war.

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s philosophy advocated:

nonviolent, passive resistance to unjust laws.

Cesar Chavez:

organized California grape and lettuce workers to strike for higher wages.

When Lyndon Johnson became president after the assassination of John Kennedy in 1963, he focused first on:

passing JFK's tax cuts and civil rights bill.

The Indian Reorganization Act did each of the following EXCEPT:

reestablish the Indian Reservations, 47 years after the Dawes Act abolished them.

Which of the following was NOT among the demands made by the National Black Economic Development Conference in its Black Manifesto?

reparations of $10,000 to be paid to every descendant of an American slave

President Herbert Hoover's response to the Depression could best be described as:

restrained and cautious.

What event prompted a massive wave of "sit-ins" across the country?

several African American college students refused to leave a lunch counter after being denied service

Why did some people criticize American suburban life?

they disliked the conformity and uniformity of suburban life.

he primary aganda of the "Eagle Forum", headed by Phyllis Schlafly, was:

to defeat passage of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Why did President Eisenhower activate the National Guard and send 1,000 paratroopers to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?

to ensure that black students could attend a desegregated high school

According to Malcolm X in the linked video, what was the purpose of nonviolent resistance? Correct Response 1)

to teach African Americans to be defenseless

The turmoil of the 1960s and the economic and political troubles of the 1970s:

turned America to conservatism.

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court ruled that school segregation:

violated the 14th Amendment by creating feelings of inferiority and inequality.

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg:

were executed for allegedly passing American atomic secrets to the Soviet Union.

The fundamental disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union at the beginning of the Cold War was over:

who would control postwar Europe.

How did the Soviet Union approach disarmament discussions after World War II?

with a plan to destroy all existing atomic bombs and ban the production of new ones

How did the Deep South respond to court-ordered desegregation?

with massive and widespread resistance.

The "beats" were:

writers and poets who rebelled against materialistic 1950s values.

John F. Kennedy played down civil rights legislation because he:

feared the possibility of alienating southern Democrats.

What was John F. Kennedy's top priority when he assumed the office of the presidency?

foreign policy

President Gerald Ford's brief "honeymoon" with the American public ended when he:

granted disgraced President Richard Nixon a full pardon of crimes associated with Watergate.

The National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act:

granted workers the right to organize and collectively bargain.

Which of the following persons was NOT a major detractor of Franklin Roosevelt and/or his "New Deal" programs? Incorrect Response

humorist and radio personality Will Rogers

The Marshall Plan proposed:

infusing massive amounts of American capital into Western Europe

While the Montgomery Bus Boycott began as a response to Rosa Park's arrest for violating the city's segregationist public transit rules, its ultimate importance to the Civil Rights Movement was that it:

led to the emergence of Martin Luther King, Jr. as a black civil rights leader.

The results of President Ronald Reagan's economic policies were:

mixed — the overall economy improved, but there were record federal deficits.

What was the primary motivation for the passage of the Social Security Act?

A sense of duty to ensure that all America's citizens, especially the elderly, handicapped, and unemployed, were adequately provided for.

William Levitt invented the concept of the mass construction of suburban homes, which made individual home owership within the reach of many Americans, but which group was rigidly excluded from all three Levittowns?

African Americans

What role did FDR play in the shifting of African American political affiliation from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party? Correct Response

FDR appointed African Americans to high-ranking positions and criticized racial discrimination.

Which American president, when asked who was to blame for a particular sitation, responded, "The Buck Stops Here!", meaning himself.

Harry S. Truman

The first post-Civil War president to attempt seriously to alter the historic pattern of racial discrimination in the United States was:

Harry Truman.

In President Jimmy Carter's most important foreign affairs truimph, the Camp David Accords provided a framework for peace negotiations between:

Israel and Egypt.

How did the civil rights movement change in the mid- to late-sixties?

It became more militant and considered violence to force social change.

What effect did the Great Depression have on immigration to the United States?

It effectively reversed the flow, with hundreds of thousands being deported.

Which statement about President Johnson's "war on poverty" is correct?

It emphasized self-help and brought almost 10 million people out of poverty.

What effect did the formation of NATO have on the Cold War?

It intensified Soviet fears of the West and escalated the Cold War.

Which statement about the Voting Rights Act of 1965 is correct?

It led to a dramatic increase in African American voting registration in the South.

What effect did the Marshall Plan have?

It led to a successful financial recovery in Western Europe.

How did the United States react to the 1950 treaty between Joseph Stalin and Mao Zedong?

It refused to recognize the new Chinese regime and focused on Japan as its main ally in Asia.

Why did the government increase federal funding for science education in 1957?

It was responding to the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik.

If it didn't officially begin the Vietnam War, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution certainly allowed President Johnson to greatly escalate it; Congressional approval was nearly unanimous, and based largely on: Incorrect Response

Johnson's lie concerning an attack on a U.S. warship.

What was one major factor that helped John Kennedy defeat Richard Nixon in the 1960 presidential election?

Kennedy's performance in the first televised presidential debate.

What was the Watergate Scandal?

President Nixon's attempts to hide his involvement in a break-in at the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee

What inspired the protests at Kent State University during which four students were killed by National Guard troops?

Prseident Nixon's expansion of the Vietnam War to include an invasion of Cambodia

The signers of the Southern Manifesto claimed that the 14th Amendment:

never mentioned education.

How did women and minorities benefit from the New Deal inspired organization of labor?

Unskilled labor, which largely consisted of women and minorities, was represented along with skilled labor by the CIO and AFL.

How did Americans respond to the bull market climate on the eve of the great crash in 1929?

Wild optimism about the continued growth of the stock market led Americans to engage in speculative investing practices.

While FDR's personal commitment to civil rights was stymied by the fact that he needed Southern Democrats to pass his "New Deal" legislation, he still maintained a "Black Cabinet" of prominent African Americans who helped behind the scenes to guide him in this area. They had a number of successes -- which of the following was NOT one of them?

a federal government requirement for defense contractors to provide equal pay for black and white

what was the so-called "Moral Majority"?

a loosely organized collection of Christian fundamentalists

What was one effect of McCarthyism? [Or, as Edward R. Murrow, the journalist who challenged McCarthy put it: "No one can terrorize a whole nation unless we are all his accomplices."]

a political and cultural conformity that discouraged dissent

The Iran-Contra affair was:

a scandal in which the Reagan administration sold weapons to Iran in order to finance revolutionaries fighting in Nicaragua.

This photograph shows what tragic Vietnam War-related event?

a student protest at Kent State University where National Guardsmen fired on protesters and killed four students

The defense policy statement known as NSC-68:

advocated a massive expansion of the American military.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):

assured European countries that the United States would help defend them.

In the Gay Manifesto, Carl Wittman claims a major obstacle to cooperative efforts between the gay liberation movement and the black power and chicano movements is that:

both Blacks and Chicanos "suffer" from a form of supermasculinity that does not allow for better cooperation with the gay community.

In the linked video clip, according to Stokely Carmichael, what was the purpose of civil rights legislation?

control white behavior, so Blacks could exercise their human rights

By 1935, President Roosevelt's severest critics were:

demanding more radical reforms.

The "containment" policy proposed in George Kennan's "Long Telegram" involved:

efforts to stop the expansion of Soviet control and communism.

According to the Rosa Parks video interview, who provided her first introduction to the idea of racial equality?

) her mother

While the United States was home to only 6 percent of the world's population, it was responsible for ..... percent of the world's energy consumption.

40

When nine young black men were arrested and quickly convicted by an all-White jury in Scottsboro, AL for crimes of which they were almost certainly innocent, the ______ stepped in to assist their appeals all the way to the Supreme Court -- winning their freedom, but also additional rights for all subsequent Americans to fair trials.

American Communist Party

What is one reason why the Gulf of Tonkin affair was such a costly victory for Johnson?

As the war progressed and got worse, Johnson was vulnerable to the charge of deliberately misleading Congress.

How did the consumer-goods revolution contribute to the great crash of 1929?

Because of the availability of durable goods that didn't need to be regularly replaced, production outpaced demand, which led to wide-scale layoffs.

The 1963 book The Feminine Mystique, written by ______, gave a voice the women's rights movement.

Betty Friedan

Who is/was the first "baby boomer" president of the United States?

Bill Clinton

What was the most significant long-range effect of the New Deal on American society?

Certain key programs, such as Social Security, have become an integral part of American life, providing essential benefits to millions of Americans today.

Young men were hired to clear land, plant trees, build bridges, and fishing ponds by the ______, resulting in much of the public natural areas still enjoyed by Americans today.

Civilian Conservation Corps

How did the country's experience of World War I shape the national response to the Great Depression under FDR?

During the war years, the country had experienced general mobilization of the nation's resources in the service of a common goal, facilitating implementation of the New Deal, another form of general mobilization.

How did Ronald Reagan challenge the liberal premises of the New Deal?

He asserted that the private sector should solve America's problems rather than the federal government.

How did Joseph McCarthy develop such power over his fellow Senators?

He instilled fear in them that he might accuse them next.

Why did FDR attempt to "pack" the Supreme Court?

He wanted to remove the final and most powerful threat to his New Deal by replacing judges who opposed its programs.

How did President Reagan's policies toward the Soviet Union change in his second term?

He was more willing to cooperate with the Soviet Union in his second term.

What erroneous advice did General Douglas MacArthur give President Truman during the Korean War that led to a longer war and hundreds of thousands of additional casualties?

MacArthur advised Truman to authorize an invasion of North Korea because he thought that China would not attack U.S. troops.

What effect did memories of the Great Depression have on Americans in the affluent 1950s?

Many Americans became almost desperately obsessed with gathering material goods.

What was a drawback of suburban life for the family?

Many people had only infrequent contact with extended family members.

What was one effect that postwar life had on women in American society?

Many women who had joined the workforce during the war returned to the home to assume the more traditional roles of wife and mother.

this political cartoon depicts ______ and ______ locked in a high-stakes game of "chicken" (who'll blink first?) during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.

Nikita Khruschev and John Kennedy

How did African American activism affect social change for other minority groups? Correct Response

Other groups were inspired by African American activism and launched their own protests.

Ronald Reagan's proposed antimissile system based on the use of lasers and particle beams to destroy incoming missiles from outer space was called:

SDI.

Who was the first woman to be appointed to the United States Supreme Court?

Sandra Day O'Connor

Who advocated "black power" as the leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the 1960s?

Stokely Carmichael

Why did Saudi Arabia cut off oil shipments to the United States in 1973?

The United States had sent emergency aid to Israel during the October War.

The turning point of the Vietnam War which convinced U.S. leaders that the war would end in a stalemate was the:

Tet offensive.

The "Little Rock Nine" were entering Central High School based on their rights as dictated in which Supreme Court case?

The "Little Rock Nine" were entering Central High School based on their rights as dictated in which Supreme Court case?

How was the Cuban Missile Crisis resolved?

The Soviet Union would remove its nuclear missiles from Cuba in exchange for America's promise not to invade Cuba.

How did agencies created during the Hundred Days affect the Great Depression?

Their main effect was to end economic stagnation by getting many people back to work.

How was the Watergate Scandal similar to the Iran-Contra affair?

They both involved secret, illegal government actions that tarnished a President's reputation.

Why did some working class women oppose the Equal Rights Amendment?

They worried about losing the protections of state laws designed to help women.

In Vietnam, American military strategists counted heavily on:

superior American firepower, especially airstrikes.

The Truman Doctrine stated that American policy would be to:

support free peoples who were resisting the Soviet Union or its surrogates.

Franklin Roosevelt's "Hundred Days" banking legislation was designed to:

support strong banks and eliminate the weaker ones.

What was the biggest factor in placing the United States on a collision course with the Soviet Union around the globe?

the American commitment to stopping the spread of communism

Which section of the nation benefitted the most from the economic boom of the 1950s?

the Sunbelt states

Which was critical to life in the suburbs?

the automobile

In his second term, President Roosevelt was stung by each of the following setbacks EXCEPT:

the defeat of minimum wage and maximum hour legislation.

The most significant social trend in postwar America was:

the flight to the suburbs.

The most encouraging economic development for women in the late twentieth century was that:

the number of female business owners increased greatly.

To what does the term "Iron Curtain" refer?

the separation between Soviet-dominated Eastern and American-dominated Western Europe

Although President Truman's prospects in the 1948 election looked bleak because Democratic support was split among several candidates, his victory surprised nearly everyone due largely to:

the way he handled the Cold War.