History- Chapter 21

Germany and Austria-Hungary defeated _____ but lost _______ as an ally after the nation switched sides.

Russia, Italy

Where did the Schlieffen Plan call for German troops to fight?

Schlieffen Plan called for a two-front war against the Eastern front, Russia, and the Western front, France, and called for invading France by way of Belgium.

Who was General Erich Ludendorff?

Was a top German military commander in the later stages of World War I?

By 1915, ______ started to be used in the war; they were originally used for reconnaissance; then they attacked enemy _____.

Airplanes, Spotting enemy targets

Who was assassinated during a visit to Sarajevo in Bosnia?

Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated during his visit.

What nation started World War I, and what two nations escalated the conflict?

Austria-Hungry started the world but Germany and England escalated it.

How did President Woodrow Wilson believe lasting peace could be achieved?

By reaching agreements openly, reducing military forces and ensuring the right of each people to have their own nation.

How did European imperialism contribute to the start of World War I?

Competition for colonies led to conflict among European rivalries.

Who ordered mobilization of troops, knowing that it would be considered an act of war?

Czar Nicholas II of Russia ordered the mobilization of the troops.

What were the main provisions to the Treaty of Versailles?

Declared that Germany was responsible for the starting of the war and ordered Germany to pay for reparations for damages.

As civilian morale sank, governments progressed from issuing propaganda to controlling _____ and _____.

Descent, censoring

As total war continued, governments ______ millions of young men to fight; set up price, wage, rent, and industrial controls; and _____ food.

Drafted, Rationed

Unlike the _____ Front, the war on the _____ Front was marked by mobility.

Eastern, Western

After the Germans were stopped at the First Battle of the Marina, both sides dug in, and trench lines stretched from ______ to the border of _______.

English Canal, Switzerland

Women's wartime contributions brought them economic _____ and won them ____\ in Germany, Austria, and the United States after the war ended.

Independence, Sufrage

How did industrialization contribute to militarism in Europe?

Industrialization led to new methods of shipping, use of iron, steel, and chemicals for weapons and the growth of mass armies in Europe.

What happened to the Austo-Hungarian Empire after the war?

It fell to pieces after the death of Franz Joseph in 1916.

Why did Austria-Hungry seek German support before invading Bosnia?

It suspected, rightly, that Russia would come to Bosnia's defense.

______ took over several German colonies in the Pacific, and _______ seized New Guinea.

Japan, Australia

The sinking of the ______ and Germany's continued use of unrestricted ______ warfare brought the United States into the war in 1917.

Lusitania, submarine

German and French trenches alike were fortified with _____ and _____.

Machine guns, barbwire

What were some complications at the Paris Peace Conference, and how were they resolved?

Many European nations had hoped to make territorial gains after the war to resolve the issues.

How did the peace settlements change Europe, and what were the long-term effects?

Many new nations emerged from the former land of the German, Russian, and Austria-Hungarian empires.

Between 1916 and 1917 ______ of men died; at the Battle of Verdun alone more than 700,000 died; the war had turned to into a deadly war of _____.

Millions, Partrichan

Who were German Social Democrats, and what is the significance of November 11, 1918, in relation to the group?

New and improved government

The ______ Empire joined the Central Powers; _____ princes were urged to revolt against their Ottoman overlords.

Ottoman, Arab

What was the goal of revolutionary forces in Germany after the war? Did they achieve their goals?

The main goal of the revolutionary forces in Germany after the war was to remove the Nazi system.

What did the Irish, the Poles, and Slavic minorities in the Balkans and Austria-Hungary have in common?

They were ethnic groups that did not have states of their own.

What nations formed the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente?

Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungry, Italy Triple Entente- France, Great Britian, Russia