History Chapter 3

Read Daniel chapter 8 and consider Alexander the Great. Answer the following: Who is the goat? What two regions represent the two horns of the ram? Why do you think God gave this vision to Daniel to share through prophecy?

Alexander the Great Media and Persia I think it is because he wanted to warn people about how Alexander the Great would take over lots of land and that the people in charge after him would be divided and evil.

Where was the earliest center of civilization in the Aegean region located?

Crete

Identify the three styles of Greek architecture:

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

What was the name given to the new culture that emerged in the Near East that mixed Greek culture with the cultures of the East?

Hellenistic

Where did Xerxes make a bridge of boats to move his army?

Hellespont

Who is known as the Father of Medicine?

Hippocrates

Over what area did Philip II originally rule?

Macedonia

How did the Greek advances in science, math, art, literature, and architecture influence Western civilization?

Many advances in modern western society are rooted in all of these advances like the Pathogorin Theorem and many more. These are all taught in schools and have helped heal so many people because of the medicines, They have also influenced architecture, making buildings stronger and more pretty looking. They also have helped in art by making more realistic drawings of people.

Which Aegean culture displayed a love for military pursuits?

Mycenaean civilization

Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the four basic Greek types of government:

One of the types of government was the monarchy, this meant there was normally a king and he had complete power. One of the good things about this can be that because what he says goes multiple people aren't fighting over a decision, but a downside is because of sin-nature he could abuse his power and not always use it for the good of the people. Another was an oligarchy, one of the good things about this is that because you have multiple people in charge sometimes having multiple opinions can be good. A downside was that the people in charge were from a higher class so the people in the lower ones got upset about it. Another was a tyranny, it had one tyrant as the leader and they had complete control but usually weren't very corrupt. The problem with this one is they came into control by force and knowing how sinful people are, they would do anything to get power. The final one was a democracy. This can be helpful because you get the opinions of all the people no matter what class they are in. This can sometimes be bad because people might want a certain thing and as I said before because of sin they will do anything to get their way.

Who was the influential leader of Athens during its Golden Age?

Pericles

How was Pericles's leadership a defining moment for democracy in Athens? What did his leadership allow every adult male citizen?

Pericles made Athens government a democracy, much different from their surrounding cities. They were considered an example to them. He made it so that everyone had equal rights no matter what their status. He also gave every male citizen the right to vote and hold office. You didn't have to be wealthy or born into it like other places said. He helped build the basis of a democratic government which is still used today.

List three kingdoms that Alexander conquered:

Persia, Egypt, Syria

Describe the order of student-to-teacher relationships between Aristotle, Socrates, and Plato. Then, describe a key idea/method/statement each philosopher contributed to society at the time. (2 pts)

Plato taught Aristotle, and Socrates taught Plato. Plato devised one of the first plans for an ideal society and government. Aristotle contributed a lot to mathematics, art, physics, politics, biology, and a lot more. He also developed syllogism. Socrates taught ways to be a good person and how to behave.

What three dynasties emerged following the death of Alexander the Great, and over what regions did they rule?

Ptolemies in Egypt, the Seleucids in Syria and Persia, and Antigonids in Macedonia and Greece.

Which group of city-states emerged as victors in the Peloponnesian War?

Sparta

What two Greek city-states represented the two opposing ways of life within Greek society?

Sparta and Athens.

List and define the 4 basic forms of government found in the Greek city-states:

monarchy, ruled by one person oligarchy, ruled by a few people tyranny, when the lower class rebelled and was led by a tyrant who usually came to power by force. democracy, ruled by the people

At which battle did an unorthodox charge by the Greeks help them to win a decisive victory?

The Battle of Marathon

Contrast the Greek view of work with Genesis 2:15 and 3:17-19, and then 1 Thessalonians 4:10-12.

The Greeks said that you should only have to do the minimum amount of work. In Genesis, it says that God put man in the world to work in the garden and when the fall happened they had to work hard outside of the garden. In 1 Thessalonians it says that the Thessalonians worked very hard by faith and did the maximum amount of work.

From which two epic poems do we get a glimpse of Greek life during the period from 1150 to 750 BC? Who are these poems attributed (credited) to?

The Iliad and the Odyssey, they were made by Homer.

What athletic contests began as an attempt to please the Greek gods through physical prowess?

The Olympic Games

Which eastern civilization threatened the Greeks at the outset of the fifth century?

The Persian Empire

Who was the more objective historian: Herodotus or Thucydides?

Thucydides

What was the basic political unit of Greece?

The polis/city-states.

How did the Spartan system affect family life?

The sons and fathers had to go away to fight a lot and mothers lost their kids when they were only seven. The women also had to train, so the families were all very tough and self-dependent. They never really got to be a whole family together because someone was away fighting.

What philosopher developed the three-step logical process of thinking called a syllogism?

Aristotle

Who was Alexander the Great's teacher who instilled in his young pupil a love for Greek culture?

Aristotle

Which Greek city-state was characterized by creativity, commercial endeavors, democracy, and individualism?

Athens

Why would some modern physicians be opposed to following the principles found in the Hippocratic Oath?

It is because some of them are okay with abortion which is clearly stated in the Oath. And some states even allow hospitals to help with suicide, which goes against the Oath when it says they won't recommend giving poison (kill) to people.

Why did Athens become the cultural center of the Greek city-states instead of Sparta during the Golden Age?

It is because they had more patriotism and self-confidence than any other Greek city-state. Others looked to them for protection because of their heroic efforts in the Persian Wars.

Why did Greek culture spread throughout the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia Minor?

It was because Alexander the Great had conquered much of the land in that area and brought the Greek culture to those areas.

Why did the end of the Peloponnesian War not lead to peace?

It was because many of the city-states that had wanted Sparta to win did not like how they ruled and there were a lot of uprisings because of this.

Summarize three differences between the Spartan and Athenian societies

The Spartans focused on military strength, isolation, and oligarchy while the Athenians focused more on creativity, individualism, and democracy.

Why did the isolation of the Greek city-states result in a spirit of independence and a love of individualism?

The cities weren't able to communicate with each other and couldn't trade with each other because they were so far apart and weren't able to be influenced by each other. Because of this, they had to be self-sufficient and live without other people.