History - Chapter 5 & 6

The emergence of two political parties reflected the basic philosophical differences between Jefferson and Hamilton. Which of the following accurately describes Jefferson's philosophy and political party? As a Federalist, Jefferson wished to place limits on states' rights and believed that the common people, especially the lower classes, were untrustworthy. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual rights and states' rights posed by big government. As a Federalist, Jefferson prioritized the values and concerns of northerners and promoted urban and commercial growth. As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson believed in a strong national government out of fear of the tyranny of the masses, especially farmers. As a Democrat, Jefferson envisioned a developing American economy and society modeled on that of Britain rather than France.

As a Democratic Republican, Jefferson was concerned about threats to individual rights and states' rights posed by big government.

Which of the following statements best expresses how the fighting in the southern colonies explains how the American Revolution functioned as a civil war? The British southern strategy was successful because the Patriot forces fought among themselves more than they fought the British. Most of the battles in the Carolinas pitted mercenary Hessian soldiers against Loyalist troops. British commanders encouraged their Loyalist allies to wage a scorched-earth war of terror against the Patriots. A shortage of soldiers led American leaders to recruit large numbers of Black slaves into the Patriot army. The British got most of their support from the rural areas while the Patriots controlled most of the towns and cities.

British commanders encouraged their Loyalist allies to wage a scorched-earth war of terror against the Patriots.

In 1776, during the war, the Continental Congress put together the national Constitution of the United States, which required different majorities for approval of some legislative measures. True False

False

Luckily for the British, other European powers aside from the French had little interest in assisting the American colonies. True False

False

The republican ideology that the American Revolutionaries adopted had long dominated Europe. True False

False

Which of the following was a result of the Battle of Saratoga? the greatest loss the Americans had ever suffered a new invasion of Canada France's entry on the American side a huge increase in the size of the Continental Army serious peace negotiations with the British

France's entry on the American side

Which of the following was a result of Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey? Frontier farmers rejoiced because the tax would cause the sales of their main crops, such as vegetables, to increase. As president, George Washington refused to support or enforce the tax, declaring it unconstitutional. New conflicts erupted in the Ohio Valley between settlers and Native Americans because Native Americans depended on the commodity. Federalists in New York City boycotted whiskey because they resented farmers in Pennsylvania who now paid lower taxes. Frontier farmers formed a rebellion because they had little cash, and grain alcohol was their most valuable commodity.

Frontier farmers formed a rebellion because they had little cash, and grain alcohol was their most valuable commodity.

Which of the following statements is true of Edmond-Charles Genêt? He was deeply involved in the XYZ Affair. He came to the United States to escape the revolutionary excesses of the French Revolution. He encouraged American privateers to attack English and Spanish vessels. He became a leading member of the Republican party. He quickly won the sympathy of Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists.

He encouraged American privateers to attack English and Spanish vessels.

What argument did Hamilton use in his debate with Jefferson over the National Bank's constitutionality? He strictly interpreted the Constitution. He emphasized states' rights. He used the doctrine of implied powers. He emphasized the Tenth Amendment. He relied on Madison's support.

He used the doctrine of implied powers.

Which of the following statements correctly describes Daniel Boone? He was drawn to Kentucky by its fertile soil and plentiful game, and he helped lead a group of White settlers there through the wilderness. He led the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania and used guerrilla war tactics to fight Washington's militia. He traveled to the northern boundary of Florida during the signing of Pinckney's treaty to claim the land there. He was present at the Constitutional Convention and successfully voiced the complaints of immigrants and farmers. He was a Revolutionary War hero who became a folk legend because he switched sides and joined the British.

He was drawn to Kentucky by its fertile soil and plentiful game, and he helped lead a group of White settlers there through the wilderness.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Hessians during the Revolutionary War? Hessians were guerrilla warriors who helped defeat Washington's army. Hessians were German mercenaries hired by the British. Few Hessians deserted the British army to join the American cause. Hessians were colonists who refused to support either side of the war. Hessians were no longer deployed when the war moved south.

Hessians were German mercenaries hired by the British.

Which of the following is true of the so-called Great Compromise? It settled the question of congressional representation. It created a four-year term for a president. It listed the explicit powers of Congress. Southerners drafted it to protect slavery. Benjamin Franklin negotiated it.

It settled the question of congressional representation.

What was one of the reasons why the American Revolution was significant to Europe? Most European countries, such as Spain and the Netherlands, sympathized greatly with England in its fight to maintain the colonies and, as a result, consistently fought on England's side. It was a world war in that the United States managed to form military alliances with countries that wished to humble Great Britain, including France, Spain, and the Netherlands. At the start of the war, most Europeans believed that the Americans would win and, as a result, began to implement American ideals of democracy and representation. The war distracted England from maintaining its other colonies in Asia and Africa to such a degree that during and soon after the war, other European powers managed to take control of them.

It was a world war in that the United States managed to form military alliances with countries that wished to humble Great Britain, including France, Spain, and the Netherlands.

Who among the following was an anti-Federalist? James Monroe Alexander Hamilton John Jay George Washington James Madison

James Monroe

Which of the following was a promise of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? The West would be considered a colonial possession of the United States. Territories must adopt the national Constitution before writing their own. Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River. The population of a territory would never affect whether it was to become a state. Native Americans would be forced to move to the Pacific coast.

Slavery would be banned north of the Ohio River.

Why were finances the greatest weakness of the Confederation government? The laws of Congress were too strictly enforced, leading many people to file bankruptcy. An event known as the Newburgh Conspiracy led to a successful coup that had a major impact on the economy. States were asked to "voluntarily" contribute to Congress's budget but rarely did or sent little. The Confederation taxes were too high in an effort to pay off war debts from the Revolution. Too much money was put toward the executive and judiciary branches and not enough toward the people.

States were asked to "voluntarily" contribute to Congress's budget but rarely did or sent little.

The war for independence sparked the creation of state constitutions in each of the former colonies. Which of the following statements describes the basic principle of these state constitutions? State constitutions would transfer most governing power to a new national government. States would be democracies in which the people voted on all major governing decisions. States would have a republican form of government with limited powers to protect the rights of the people. Many states created constitutional monarchies while the rest created direct democracies. States created democratic governments with nearly unlimited powers within the area each state controlled.

States would have a republican form of government with limited powers to protect the rights of the people.

Which of the following transpired when the British attacked New York in late August 1776? The Americans received French reinforcements just in time. The American army was fortunate to make a narrow escape overnight. Washington ambushed and routed them. Washington met them with a larger, more experienced force. Washington learned the superiority of the militia to regular troops.

The American army was fortunate to make a narrow escape overnight.

How did the Constitution affect immigration and naturalization? Although the Constitution created opportunities for the new nation to accommodate immigration, the idea of America as an asylum for refugees was at odds with George Washington's vision as president. The Constitution said little about immigration and naturalization, which has allowed policy to change over the years in response to fluctuating political moods and economic needs. The founding fathers were in strong agreement that the United States remain open to all foreigners, and they enabled this through a series of detailed laws set forth in the Constitution. The Constitution offered guidance on immigration and created a naturalization process highly similar to that of Great Britain, in that citizens could not renounce their original citizenship.

The Constitution said little about immigration and naturalization, which has allowed policy to change over the years in response to fluctuating political moods and economic needs.

Which of the following statements is a correct analysis of the reason why the British Army under Cornwallis lost the Battle of Yorktown? The British army lost the best leader they had when General Cornwallis was killed early in the battle. Loyalist troops in Cornwallis's army switched sides and joined the Patriots, shifting the balance of power in favor of Washington. The French Navy blocked the British supply routes by sea and the British army was too small and weak to defeat Washington's well-trained troops. By 1781 most British soldiers were tired of the war and no longer willing to fight. By 1781 the British government had given up on winning the war, so it failed to provide the needed supplies for Cornwallis's army.

The French Navy blocked the British supply routes by sea and the British army was too small and weak to defeat Washington's well-trained troops.

Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept of republican ideology? The new nation would be a democracy in which the people voted on all major governing decisions. Republican ideology refers to the governing beliefs of the Loyalists, as opposed to the governing ideas of the Patriots. The government of the United States would be a constitutional monarchy governed by men from the Patriots party. The national government of the United States would be controlled by officials known as "republicans" who were appointed by state governments. The United States would be a republic in which property-owning White men would elect representatives to make governing decisions.

The United States would be a republic in which property-owning White men would elect representatives to make governing decisions.

Although it was drafted in July 1776 and used during the war, the nation's first constitution, the Articles of Confederation, was not ratified until 1781. Which of the following statements explains the main reason for the delay? The Albany Plan of Union had already been approved so no new plan was urgently needed. The British occupation of significant areas in the colonies delayed a ratification vote. The demands of the war and concerns of some states delayed ratification until 1781. The Continental Congress had difficulty finding anyone willing to lead a new national government. Many patriot leaders felt that until the war was won there was no point in creating a new national government.

The demands of the war and concerns of some states delayed ratification until 1781.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes a challenge faced by Washington in creating an effective army? The issue of slavery made it difficult for northern soldiers to work well with men from the southern colonies. Recent immigrants were banned from serving in the army by the Continental Congress. Colonists who fought in the French and Indian War refused to fight again. The soldiers, both militiamen and new recruits, lacked training and discipline. Most colonists were more interested in fighting the Indians than the British.

The soldiers, both militiamen and new recruits, lacked training and discipline.

Which of the following occurred as a result of Shays's Rebellion? George Washington declared his support for the rebels. England prepared for the possibility of resuming the war. The state legislature increased taxes. There were numerous calls promoting a stronger central government. The social elite continued to promote the rebels' cause.

There were numerous calls promoting a stronger central government.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Tories (or Loyalists) during the Revolutionary War? They largely outnumbered the Patriots because of the widespread certainty that Britain would win. They were found in all ranks of society and included roles as varied as governors and farmers. Like the Patriots, they were eager to commit acts of treason in the name of their cause. They largely had success in keeping the Loyalist militia united after the departure of the British troops. They defined themselves by their desire to reject the monarchy but preserve Parliament.

They were found in all ranks of society and included roles as varied as governors and farmers.

What did anti-Federalist leaders fear about the new national government? The new national government structure described in the Constitution was way too simple to address the needs of such a large and diverse populous. Because so much power was given to the peoples' representatives in Congress, they worried about the inability to arrive at consensus to get things done for the nation. They worried that with the new structure, the president would not have enough authority to negotiate with foreign powers regarding territory and trade. They worried that the new national government structure was too strong and centralized and could therefore become corrupt and tyrannical. They worried that too much power was given to the peoples' representatives in Congress, believing the masses could not be trusted to make rational decisions.

They worried that the new national government structure was too strong and centralized and could therefore become corrupt and tyrannical.

The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions argued that states could nullify federal laws. Who wrote the resolutions and in response to what federal laws? George Washington and Alexander Hamilton wrote the resolutions against Jay's Treaty. Daniel Shays and Samuel Adams wrote the resolutions against the Whiskey Tax. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the resolutions against the Alien and Sedition Acts. John Adams and John Jay wrote the resolutions against the Judiciary Act. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson wrote the resolutions against the National Bank Act.

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison wrote the resolutions against the Alien and Sedition Acts.

Why did Washington send 4,000 troops under General John Sullivan to western New York in 1779? To prevent the French and Spanish from gaining control of the Great Lakes region. To prevent a British army from linking up with General Burgoyne's army at Saratoga. To take the war to the British by attacking Canada via Lake Ontario. To stop attacks by Loyalists and Iroquois Indians on American frontier settlements. To gain control of the western rivers by capturing the British garrison at Kaskaskia.

To stop attacks by Loyalists and Iroquois Indians on American frontier settlements.

During the Revolutionary War, Iroquois nations fought each other on opposite sides, with the Mohawk, Seneca, Onondaga, and Cayuga siding with the British and most of the Tuscarora and Oneida helping the Americans fight against the British. True False

True

Federalists feared that the new national government would grow too powerful and needed more limits, such as a bill of rights. True False

True

Shays's Rebellion likely heightened the fear held by many social and political elites that democracy would begin to make class hierarchies less pronounced. True False

True

The New Jersey Plan proposed keeping a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state. True False

True

Why was George Washington opposed to the Newburgh Conspiracy proposed by Alexander Hamilton? Alexander Hamilton's vision for a stronger centralized government represented a threat to the Republican ideals Washington held dear. It was a matter of timing. Washington wanted to wait a few more months before giving the Newburgh Conspiracy a try. Washington believed that the soldiers of the Revolutionary army had been justly compensated and were selfish to demand more from the fledgling government. The officers at Newburgh refused to grant him a powerful position within the new government. Washington believed that the threat of military force to compel actions by the separate states would cause Americans to revolt.

Washington believed that the threat of military force to compel actions by the separate states would cause Americans to revolt.

A major cause of Shays's Rebellion was that the central government banned the use of the state militia. farmland in the western territories became increasingly expensive. a new state constitution raised the property qualifications to both vote and hold office. state legislatures lowered tax rates on farmers but not on the social elite. state legislatures gave tax incentives to slaveholders in Boston.

a new state constitution raised the property qualifications to both vote and hold office.

On the western frontier, the Mohawks, Shawnees, and Delawares convinced the Cherokees to support the Americans in their fight against the British. attack frontier settlements in Virginia and the Carolinas. flee further west to escape the fighting. remain neutral for the duration of the Revolutionary War.

attack frontier settlements in Virginia and the Carolinas.

Essay no. 10 in The FederalistPapers explains how a republic can pay its debts. defend itself against tyranny. create a just society. become a democracy. be successful in a large, diverse society.

be successful in a large, diverse society.

The Constitution addressed slavery by counting slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation. requiring that slaves have full legal protections. making it legal in every state. referring numerous times to "slaves" and "slavery." requiring that all slaves count toward a state's congressional representation.

counting slaves as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of representation.

Which of the following statements best describes the impact of Spain's entry into the Revolutionary War on the side of the Americans? Spain had little impact on the war since the British navy prevented the movement of any Spanish army troops from Spain to America. Spanish troops helped to defend frontier settlements in the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys from attacks by hostile Indian tribes. Spain sent 3,000 troops to join Washington's army at Yorktown, which enabled the Americans to win the battle there. A Spanish army forced the surrender of British garrisons on the Mississippi River and at Mobile and Pensacola in West Florida. Spanish entry expanded the war into Europe, resulting in a British army fighting French and Spanish forces in southern Spain.

A Spanish army forced the surrender of British garrisons on the Mississippi River and at Mobile and Pensacola in West Florida.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the effects of Jay's Treaty? Although the United States was divided about its passage, the treaty improved relations between the United States and Britain by reopening American merchants' access to West Indies trade. The terms of the treaty made it clear that the British would never agree to reimburse Americans for the loss of any American property during the war and would continue to sell products to France. Although Republicans in the South strongly supported the treaty, New Englanders successfully prevented its passage in the Senate because it spread the system of slavery. Although the treaty was strongly supported in the United States, the British people dramatically protested it and nearly prevented it from being signed.

Although the United States was divided about its passage, the treaty improved relations between the United States and Britain by reopening American merchants' access to West Indies trade.

The Western Confederacy is the name Daniel Boone gave to the land in Kentucky, which he claimed for himself and the settlers who joined him. was the territory that eventually split into the states of Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. included the new nation of the United States as well as the traditional powers of western Europe, Great Britain, France, and Spain. was a group of farmers from the western part of Massachusetts who rose up in armed protest against high taxes. included thousands of Native American warriors from many tribes, who were supported by the British in their attempts to hold off encroachment into their lands.

included thousands of Native American warriors from many tribes, who were supported by the British in their attempts to hold off encroachment into their lands.

Shays's Rebellion was led by ambitious politicians. merchants. indebted farmers. factory workers. bankers.

indebted farmers.

To which of the following options was the United States forced to resort in order to pay the costs of the Revolution? new issues of paper money contributions from patriotic citizens direct taxes on the American people requisitions from the states the sale of land to several foreign countries

new issues of paper money

Elite Virginians despised Lord Dunmore because of his offer of freedom to slaves who were willing to join the British. harsh treatment of captured rebels. abolition of the slave trade. arrogant British manners. belief in true racial equality.

offer of freedom to slaves who were willing to join the British.

The treaty with Britain that ended the Revolutionary War imposed war damages on the British but maintained that the United States was now technically a territory. protected the rights of Loyalists but prevented them from fleeing after the war. recognized American independence and sought to establish the boundaries of the United States. gave America a claim to Newfoundland and created new military alliances with the Dutch. gave Florida to the United States and was remarkably clear in settling the northern borders.

recognized American independence and sought to establish the boundaries of the United States.

Madison decided to support Hamilton's debt proposals in return for an agreement to relocate the nation's capital southward. cut taxes. give more money to the original bondholders. make the states pay their own debts. limit future federal spending.

relocate the nation's capital southward.

After the withdrawal of the last British troops from the United States in 1783, General George Washington decided to do this. retire from his post as commander-in-chief of the army and return to his home at Mount Vernon accept a position as president of the College of William and Mary in his home state of Virginia campaign to be elected as the first president of the new United States lead a political effort to replace the Articles of Confederation with a new national constitution take command of the army forces in the west which were still fighting against hostile Indian tribes

retire from his post as commander-in-chief of the army and return to his home at Mount Vernon

On the question of women's rights, the proposed Constitution granted the vote to females. was surprisingly progressive for its time. accepted the advice of prominent women. said nothing. defined women as the property of their husbands.

said nothing.

The news of the outcome of the Battle of Yorktown convinced the British government to do which of the following? send 10,000 additional British and Hessian troops to America replace General Charles Cornwallis with a new army commander change strategy to shift the focus of its military effort to the southern colonies seek to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States to end the war seek additional military assistance from Spanish forces in America

seek to negotiate a peace treaty with the United States to end the war

This was the first plan for a permanent form of government for the United States. the Statute of Freedom the Declaration of Independence the Articles of Confederation the Albany Plan of Union the Olive Branch Petition

the Articles of Confederation

At Valley Forge in 1778, General Washington obtained the assistance of a Prussian soldier, Baron von Steuben. What was von Steuben's task? to spy on the British army in Philadelphia and New York. to convince Hessian soldiers to switch sides and join the Americans. to command the Prussian troops that were arriving to help the Americans. to identify and remove potentially disloyal immigrants from Washington's army. to train American soldiers how to march, shoot, and attack in formation.

to train American soldiers how to march, shoot, and attack in formation.