History Exam 3
Which of the following statements about the attack of Pearl Harbor is NOT true?
A specific attack on Pearl Harbor had been long expected by American officials
The use of atomic bombs against Japan had what signifigance?
According to military planners, it saved thousands of Allied casualties and even more Japanese losses
Baseball was integrated in 1947 when Jackie Robinson played for the:
Brooklyn Dodgers
The United States experienced a shock in 1949 when Communists took over
China
By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in
Eastern Europe
Which is true of the 1936 presidential election?
FDR defeated Alf Landon in a landslide.
Which of the following statements about the 1940 presidential election is true?
Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run for and win a third term
During the presidential election of 1944
Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president
The secretary of state who devised the plan of massive economic recovery aid to Europe was
George Marshall
In early 1942, the biggest challenge the United States faced in the Atlantic was
German submarine warfare
Following the Pearl Harbor attack
Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States
In 1935, Hitler, in flagrant violation of the Versailles Treaty, began rebuilding
Germany's armed forces
As a result of the Truman Doctrine
Greece and Turkey were less vulnerable to communism
The German occupation of Czechoslovakia had what effect on Roosevelt?
He no longer professed impartiality in the impending European struggle
Which programs helped people refinance their mortgages at lower interest rates so as to avoid bankruptcy?
Home Owners Loan Corporation
Which statement best describes the Native American experience in the armed forces during World War II?
Indian servicemen were integrated into regular units
The passage of the Lend-Lease bill in 1941 signaled what about American opinion?
Isolationist strength was weakening
Which of the following statements about the Social Security Act is NOT true?
It was based on progressive tax that pinched the poor more than the rich
Which of the following is NOT true of the GI Bill?
Its huge cost did not justify its benefits.
All of the following were original NATO members EXCEPT
Japan
Winston Churchill, who would become the British prime minister in 1940, predicted that this agreement would end Hitler's assaults, saying that, "This is only the beginning of the reckoning."
Munich Pact
This organization sought to set workplace standards, such as child labor restrictions
National Recovery Association
Germany's invasion of what country triggered the beginning of World War II in Europe?
Poland
Less than a month before the surrender of Germany
President Roosevelt died in office
The conventional, or "orthodox" view of cold war history holds whom or what most responsible for beginning this conflict?
Stalin's quest for world domination
The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of World War II was
The Soviet Union
The 1948 election is probably best remembered for
Truman's upset victory
Which agency was created to direct industrial conversion to war production?
War Production Board
By the end of 1937, which group had coalesced against the New Deal?
a bipartisan conservative bloc
UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about:
a massive Chinese intervention
The 1937 economic slump was caused in part by
a sharp decrease in government spending
During the 1948 presidential campaign, Truman endorsed all of the following EXCEPT:
abolishing Social Security
In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by
adding up to six additional members
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947
allowed the president to impose a "cooling-off" period during major strikes
In late summer 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to send fifty "overage" destroyers to Britain in return for?
allowing the United States to build naval and air bases on British islands in the Caribbean
Hoover's early efforts to end the Depression included
asking businessmen to maintain wages and avoid layoffs, in order to keep purchasing power strong
With the end of World War II, Korea
became divided into northern and southern halves
In regard to Israel's founding in 1948, the United States
became the first country to recognize the Jewish state
While college enrollments soared in the postwar period
black veterans encountered barriers to entrance
The fair practices codes of the NRA did all of the following EXCEPT
break up large corporations
The Korean War did all of the following EXCEPT
bring about major changes in boundaries
Following the defeat of Germany
came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust
Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
can veto any major proposal
The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by
cold war-related military spending
One of Truman's greatest strengths as he assumed the presidency was his
confidence and self-assuredness
Through the Lend-Lease bill, passed in January 1941, "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States":
could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items
The goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to raise farm income mainly through
cutbacks in production
At the outset of his presidency, to deal with the banking crisis, Roosevelt
declared a bank holiday, shutting the banks down briefly
The Potsdam Declaration
demanded that Japan surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction"
Huey Long
developed a program called the Share the Wealth Society
On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intentions to
enlarge the new deal
Senator McCarthy was very effective in:
exploiting public fears
All of the following increased through the postwar years EXCEPT
family savings
Truman fired MacArthur
for insubordination
The Neutrality Act of 1935
forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations
Soviet and Communist activities in regard to Turkey and Greece were intended to
gain the Soviets access to the Mediterranean
Just before his election to the presidency in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was serving as
governor of New York
All of the following are true of Harry Truman EXCEPT that he
had an Ivy League education
A major economic problem President Truman faced immediately after the war was
high rates of inflation
British and American differences over where to attack Germany first were resolved with the decision to launch an offensive
in North Africa
Labor's new direction in the late 1930s was toward
industrial unions
In retrospect, the Cold War was probably
inevitable
In the 1948 campaign, the Dixiecrats did all of the following EXCEPT
influence Truman to slow down on civil rights
In June 1941, Germany widened the war by
invading the Soviet Union
One drawback of the Tennessee Valley Authority was that
it forced people to move if their land was needed for dams and lakes
Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to:
launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin
To earn the federal payments for reducing crops
many landowners took their leased lands out of production
Following the declaration of war
men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted
Truman viewed his victory as a mandate for:
moderate liberalism
The Great Depression and the economic struggles it caused during the early 1930s generally made Americans
more isolationist in sentiment
The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to
order the development of the hydrogen bomb
The GI Bill did all of the following EXCEPT
pay veterans large bonuses to remain in the military
In the Truman years, the United States abandoned a longtime tradition with its involvement in
peacetime alliances
A very important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to:
prevent the return of the Depression
After the war, Americans were most eager to:
purchase
One major reason that World War II inspired postwar changes in race relations was the
racist nature of the enemies of the United States
The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act)
raised taxes on income above $50,000
The greatest failure of the New Deal was its inability to
restore economic prosperity and end record levels of unemployment
State Department official George Kennan
said the United States should contain Soviet expansionist tendencies
In 1940, the Battle of Britain
saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans
Between 1945 and 1960, home ownership
significantly increased
The baby boom
started in 1941
America's "good neighbor" policy
supported the idea of nonintervention in Latin America
When confronted with strikes in the coal and railroad industries in 1946, President Truman's response was to
temporarily seize those industries
When North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman concluded:
that Stalin and the Soviets were behind it
All of the following were established by the National Security Act of 1947 EXCEPT
the Department of Homeland Security
Roosevelt's court-packing scheme became unnecessary when
the Supreme Court began reversing previous judgments and upholding the New Deal
When North Korean Communists invaded South Korea:
the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors
All of the following countries were physically damaged during World War II EXCEPT
the United States
Following the conclusion of World War II, the two most powerful nations in the world were:
the United States and the Soviet Union
The Atlantic Charter included all of the following principles EXCEPT
the elimination of communism
What significant objective motivated Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia and the Pacific during 1940-1941?
the expansion's provision of access to vitally needed raw materials
In 1948, President Truman desegregated
the military
The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in
the sunbelt
The global scope and scale of the Second World War ended America's
tradition of isolationism
Conservatives lambasted the Social Security Act as
tyrannical
Eleanor Roosevelt
was especially supportive of women, blacks, and youth
The conservative Democratic opposition to the New Deal in the late 1930s
was heaviest in the South
The National Labor Relations Act
was often called the Wagner Act
Franklin D. Roosevelt
was permanently disabled after contracting polio