History Exam 3

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Which of the following statements about the attack of Pearl Harbor is NOT true?

A specific attack on Pearl Harbor had been long expected by American officials

The use of atomic bombs against Japan had what signifigance?

According to military planners, it saved thousands of Allied casualties and even more Japanese losses

Baseball was integrated in 1947 when Jackie Robinson played for the:

Brooklyn Dodgers

The United States experienced a shock in 1949 when Communists took over

China

By the spring of 1945, the United States and Britain were becoming deeply concerned over Soviet actions in

Eastern Europe

Which is true of the 1936 presidential election?

FDR defeated Alf Landon in a landslide.

Which of the following statements about the 1940 presidential election is true?

Franklin Roosevelt became the only president to run for and win a third term

During the presidential election of 1944

Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president

The secretary of state who devised the plan of massive economic recovery aid to Europe was

George Marshall

In early 1942, the biggest challenge the United States faced in the Atlantic was

German submarine warfare

Following the Pearl Harbor attack

Germany and Italy also declared war on the United States

In 1935, Hitler, in flagrant violation of the Versailles Treaty, began rebuilding

Germany's armed forces

As a result of the Truman Doctrine

Greece and Turkey were less vulnerable to communism

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia had what effect on Roosevelt?

He no longer professed impartiality in the impending European struggle

Which programs helped people refinance their mortgages at lower interest rates so as to avoid bankruptcy?

Home Owners Loan Corporation

Which statement best describes the Native American experience in the armed forces during World War II?

Indian servicemen were integrated into regular units

The passage of the Lend-Lease bill in 1941 signaled what about American opinion?

Isolationist strength was weakening

Which of the following statements about the Social Security Act is NOT true?

It was based on progressive tax that pinched the poor more than the rich

Which of the following is NOT true of the GI Bill?

Its huge cost did not justify its benefits.

All of the following were original NATO members EXCEPT

Japan

Winston Churchill, who would become the British prime minister in 1940, predicted that this agreement would end Hitler's assaults, saying that, "This is only the beginning of the reckoning."

Munich Pact

This organization sought to set workplace standards, such as child labor restrictions

National Recovery Association

Germany's invasion of what country triggered the beginning of World War II in Europe?

Poland

Less than a month before the surrender of Germany

President Roosevelt died in office

The conventional, or "orthodox" view of cold war history holds whom or what most responsible for beginning this conflict?

Stalin's quest for world domination

The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of World War II was

The Soviet Union

The 1948 election is probably best remembered for

Truman's upset victory

Which agency was created to direct industrial conversion to war production?

War Production Board

By the end of 1937, which group had coalesced against the New Deal?

a bipartisan conservative bloc

UN forces reaching the Yalu River brought about:

a massive Chinese intervention

The 1937 economic slump was caused in part by

a sharp decrease in government spending

During the 1948 presidential campaign, Truman endorsed all of the following EXCEPT:

abolishing Social Security

In early 1937, FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by

adding up to six additional members

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

allowed the president to impose a "cooling-off" period during major strikes

In late summer 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to send fifty "overage" destroyers to Britain in return for?

allowing the United States to build naval and air bases on British islands in the Caribbean

Hoover's early efforts to end the Depression included

asking businessmen to maintain wages and avoid layoffs, in order to keep purchasing power strong

With the end of World War II, Korea

became divided into northern and southern halves

In regard to Israel's founding in 1948, the United States

became the first country to recognize the Jewish state

While college enrollments soared in the postwar period

black veterans encountered barriers to entrance

The fair practices codes of the NRA did all of the following EXCEPT

break up large corporations

The Korean War did all of the following EXCEPT

bring about major changes in boundaries

Following the defeat of Germany

came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust

Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council

can veto any major proposal

The postwar economic boom was fueled mainly by

cold war-related military spending

One of Truman's greatest strengths as he assumed the presidency was his

confidence and self-assuredness

Through the Lend-Lease bill, passed in January 1941, "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States":

could receive military equipment, supplies, and other necessary materials even if that country lacked the funds to pay for those items

The goal of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to raise farm income mainly through

cutbacks in production

At the outset of his presidency, to deal with the banking crisis, Roosevelt

declared a bank holiday, shutting the banks down briefly

The Potsdam Declaration

demanded that Japan surrender or face "prompt and utter destruction"

Huey Long

developed a program called the Share the Wealth Society

On the domestic front, President Truman soon made clear his intentions to

enlarge the new deal

Senator McCarthy was very effective in:

exploiting public fears

All of the following increased through the postwar years EXCEPT

family savings

Truman fired MacArthur

for insubordination

The Neutrality Act of 1935

forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations

Soviet and Communist activities in regard to Turkey and Greece were intended to

gain the Soviets access to the Mediterranean

Just before his election to the presidency in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was serving as

governor of New York

All of the following are true of Harry Truman EXCEPT that he

had an Ivy League education

A major economic problem President Truman faced immediately after the war was

high rates of inflation

British and American differences over where to attack Germany first were resolved with the decision to launch an offensive

in North Africa

Labor's new direction in the late 1930s was toward

industrial unions

In retrospect, the Cold War was probably

inevitable

In the 1948 campaign, the Dixiecrats did all of the following EXCEPT

influence Truman to slow down on civil rights

In June 1941, Germany widened the war by

invading the Soviet Union

One drawback of the Tennessee Valley Authority was that

it forced people to move if their land was needed for dams and lakes

Truman's response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin in 1948 was to:

launch a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin

To earn the federal payments for reducing crops

many landowners took their leased lands out of production

Following the declaration of war

men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted

Truman viewed his victory as a mandate for:

moderate liberalism

The Great Depression and the economic struggles it caused during the early 1930s generally made Americans

more isolationist in sentiment

The Soviet acquisition of the atomic bomb in 1949 inspired Truman to

order the development of the hydrogen bomb

The GI Bill did all of the following EXCEPT

pay veterans large bonuses to remain in the military

In the Truman years, the United States abandoned a longtime tradition with its involvement in

peacetime alliances

A very important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to:

prevent the return of the Depression

After the war, Americans were most eager to:

purchase

One major reason that World War II inspired postwar changes in race relations was the

racist nature of the enemies of the United States

The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act)

raised taxes on income above $50,000

The greatest failure of the New Deal was its inability to

restore economic prosperity and end record levels of unemployment

State Department official George Kennan

said the United States should contain Soviet expansionist tendencies

In 1940, the Battle of Britain

saw the British turn back a massive German air attack and force Germany to postpone its invasion plans

Between 1945 and 1960, home ownership

significantly increased

The baby boom

started in 1941

America's "good neighbor" policy

supported the idea of nonintervention in Latin America

When confronted with strikes in the coal and railroad industries in 1946, President Truman's response was to

temporarily seize those industries

When North Korea attacked South Korea, Truman concluded:

that Stalin and the Soviets were behind it

All of the following were established by the National Security Act of 1947 EXCEPT

the Department of Homeland Security

Roosevelt's court-packing scheme became unnecessary when

the Supreme Court began reversing previous judgments and upholding the New Deal

When North Korean Communists invaded South Korea:

the United Nations authorized military intervention against the aggressors

All of the following countries were physically damaged during World War II EXCEPT

the United States

Following the conclusion of World War II, the two most powerful nations in the world were:

the United States and the Soviet Union

The Atlantic Charter included all of the following principles EXCEPT

the elimination of communism

What significant objective motivated Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia and the Pacific during 1940-1941?

the expansion's provision of access to vitally needed raw materials

In 1948, President Truman desegregated

the military

The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in

the sunbelt

The global scope and scale of the Second World War ended America's

tradition of isolationism

Conservatives lambasted the Social Security Act as

tyrannical

Eleanor Roosevelt

was especially supportive of women, blacks, and youth

The conservative Democratic opposition to the New Deal in the late 1930s

was heaviest in the South

The National Labor Relations Act

was often called the Wagner Act

Franklin D. Roosevelt

was permanently disabled after contracting polio


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