History Exam 3
Charlemagne attempted to revive education in France. A) True B) False
A
In Medina Muhammad announced that Abraham was a greater prophet than Moses. A) True B) False
A
Joan of Arc's role in the Hundred Years War provided a much-needed morale boost to the French. A) True B) False
A
Justinian tried to reunite the eastern and western Roman empires. A) True B) False
A
King Philip the Fair sent agents to kidnap Pope Boniface. A) True B) False
A
Peasant life centered on A) fields, family, and church. B) church, family, and state. C) God, family, and friends. D) labor, ale, and paganism.
A
Sunni and Shi'ite Muslims initially split over the question of who should be the caliph. A) True B) False
A
Sviatoslav waged war against Bulgaria, the Khazars, and the Pechenegs. A) True B) False
A
The Eastern Church leaders never accepted the pope's authority. A) True B) False
A
The caliph delegated authority to his representatives known as A) emirs. B) ummas. C) clerics. D) imams.
A
According to Muhammad, whom does Allah regard as "People of the Book"? A) all monotheists B) all polytheists C) Jews and Christians D) Muslims
C
Bishops in the west were similar to __________ in the east. A) kings B) popes C) patriarchs D) preachers
C
How did Dante's Divine Comedy pioneer the concept of vernacular literature? A) It was rhymed verse. B) Its Latin was medieval, not classical. C) It was written in Italian. D) It used classical verse forms.
C
Michelangelo's David was created to symbolize A) the beauty of the male physique. B) God's creation of man. C) Florence's resistance to tyranny. D) Christendom's victory over the Muslims.
C
Pope Alexander II set a precedent for popes granting spiritual rewards to Christians who A) gave land to the church. B) paid tithes to the church. C) went on crusades. D) helped fight the Jews.
C
The boyar class was made up of A) peasants. B) commoners. C) aristocrats. D) farmers.
C
The last Muslim territory in Iberia was A) Córdoba. B) Andalusia. C) Grenada. D) Toledo.
C
The shrine in Mecca is called the A) Hejira. B) jihad. C) Ka'ba. D) Quraysh.
C
India has _________ to fight against Alexander
Elephants
As one might guess, gladiatorial combats were no holds barred affairs, with no umpires - the one rule was to keep alive T F
F
Because of the limited seating, the tickets for the inaugural games were quite expensive and scalping, yes scalping, was known to have occurred. T F
F
In ancient China, writing (calligraphy) was a spiritual exercise. Does the Emperor want it as spiritual or practical?
Practical
Was being a gladiator the worst form of slavery?
Yes
Who do they think Alexander's father really is?
Zeus
Once the Emperor has conquered all of the countries of China in 221, he orders that no one may have weapons, except his soldiers. T F
T
Some gladiators were even brought to wealthy homes for private battles at parties for the nobility T F
T
The Emperor burned the ancient books and killed the Confucian scholars. T F
T
The Emperor put his own mother under house arrest, obviously against Confucian ideals. T F
T
The Muslim Sultan of Persia made a big mistake, he had GK's ambassador's head cut off - which was carried back on pony express T F
T
The ancient swords found were made with such advanced technology that they were uncorroded and still sharp T F
T
The blood brother Jamuka's own generals betrayed him to GK, who then gave Jamuka his final wish, to have Jamuka bent backwards until his back broke T F
T
The great tomb is supposed to have a giant lake of mercury within it - modern archaeologists have actually found high traces of mercury in the soil T F
T
The job of a beast master was difficult, for lions and tigers needed to be trained to be willing to attack and eat humans in front of screaming crowds - something they often refused to do T F
T
The terra cotta soldiers are made of separate pieces (like a puzzle), each have different faces, and all are painted T F
T
The young king's army kills about 2 million people T F
T
Under the young king, soldiers advance in rank by the number of enemy heads they cut off. T F
T
When GK was faced with mercenary horsemen purchased by China, the mercenaries did what they do best, they turned to the side that pays better - they joined Genghis T F
T
What was the problem for GK's army in attacking Beijing?
Wall
To create unity, the Emperor begins to standardize what?
Weights and measures Money Written word
How many senators were in a Roman Republic? Was it for life?
600 Yes
What does 1 legion equal?
6000 men
How big is the Emperor's burial mound?
2.5 sq km
What was the status of Islam at the time of Muhammad's death in 632? A) Most of Arabia was united under Islam. B) Only Medina was Muslim. C) Islam had spread across North Africa. D) Islam was confined to one group in Medina.
A
Which family dominated Renaissance Florence? A) the Medici B) the Ghiberti C) the Sforza D) the Pazzi
A
Which of the following accurately describes attitudes concerning religion and politics in the Byzantine Empire? A) The emperor had both secular and religious authority. B) The emperor should stay out of religious matters. C) The emperor ruled as a secular leader and advised as a spiritual leader. D) The emperor must avoid religious conflict at all costs.
A
Which of the following best describes Renaissance Italy? A) It was politically divided and dominated by wealthy families. B) It was finally unified under Roman Catholicism. C) It was the poorest European state. D) It was the last state to embrace the rebirth of learning.
A
Which of the following statements about the early medieval nobles is NOT true? A) They hired knights to fight for them. B) They were preoccupied with military duties. C) They were too busy to raise food. D) They usually owned at least one manor.
A
Which of the following statements accurately describes social life for Byzantine peasants? A) Social life centered on religious services, holidays, and family celebrations. B) Social life centered on commerce and politics. C) Social life centered on drama and debate, much like life in ancient Athens. D) Social life centered on art and literature.
A
Which of the following statements accurately portrays early Roman-German connections and conflicts? A) The Romans fought the Germans but also hired many of them for service in the army. B) The Romans largely ignored the Germans, unaware of the growing threat to the empire. C) The Germans sought to avoid warfare with the Romans and often engaged in commerce with them. D) The Germanic tribes fell under Roman domination early but eventually rebelled.
A
Which of these advanced as far as the gates of Constantinople in the 620s? A) the Sasanian emperor B) the Visigoths C) Arab Muslims D) the Mongols
A
Which of these best explains the flexibility of the Shari`ah? A) It developed over centuries, but is now considered unchangeable. B) Although it was prescribed by Muhammad it has a degree of flexibility. C) It provides principles only, whose interpretation is flexible. D) As part of the Qur'an, the Shari`ah is considered scripture.
A
Which of these modern groups most resemble medieval guilds? A) professional associations B) labor unions C) charities D) farming cooperatives
A
Which of these set the model for imperial leadership in spiritual as well as secular affairs? A) the Council of Nicaea B) the Great Schism C) the iconoclast controversy D) the Arian heresy
A
Which of these typify the Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century? A) One emperor rapidly replaced another. B) A long period of stability occurred. C) Political stability was accompanied by recurrences of the plague. D) The Empire was conquered by Turks.
A
Who were the Polovtsy? A) invaders from the steppes B) inhabitants of Kiev C) descendents of Iaroslav D) members of the aristocracy
A
Why was the Dnieper so important to Kiev? A) It was a defense against the Pechenegs. B) It connected Kiev with the Baltic Sea. C) It connected the city to long-distance trade. D) It was a direct route to Constantinople
A
Aristotle's Pupil Dream of world conquest Universal brotherhood under one ruler
Alexander
Marries Darius III's daughter Has mass marriage ceremony of Greek troops to Persian women (1,000s marry at same time) Mixes Persian army with Greek army - as Equals Gives many political posts to Persians
Alexander
Military Genius
Alexander
Who burnt Persepolis down in a drunken rage?
Alexander
Who is Philip's son?
Alexander
Acts as a god Dresses as Persian King Even Greeks must bow low in his presence Not his equals Treatment of his friend Cleitus
Alexander the Great
Alexander even dresses up as god ______ in chariot
Apollo
Victory or Nothing
Arete
Delian League
Athenian League
Who said Arete
Athenians
What is Octavian's new name?
Augustus Caeser
All of the following developments contributed to the improvement of agriculture during the high Middle Ages EXCEPT A) the use of water mills. B) the use of crop rotation. C) the introduction of heavy plows. D) the introduction of the horse collar.
B
Attila was much more brutal than most warriors of his day. A) True B) False
B
Caesaropapism preserved the separation of church and state. A) True B) False
B
Gothic architecture differed from earlier styles in being A) monumental. B) filled with light. C) more solid and earthly. D) more like Roman architecture.
B
In the long run, the Crusades were successful in reaching their goals. A) True B) False
B
In what respect was Justinian the last Roman emperor? A) He was the last pagan eastern emperor. B) He was the last eastern emperor to speak Latin. C) He abandoned reunification with Rome. D) He made Greek the official language of the Byzantine Empire.
B
Muhammad was born in Medina. A) True B) False
B
Polytheistic Arabs had never heard of Allah before Muhammad began his ministry. A) True B) False
B
Russian Christians rejected Byzantine doctrine. A) True B) False
B
The Council of Nicaea upheld the teachings of Arius. A) True B) False
B
The First Crusade was initiated by A) Boniface IV. B) Urban II. C) Innocent IV. D) Eugenius III.
B
Umar believed that Islam was to be practiced by all people; therefore he spread the religion using force and mandatory conversions. A) True B) False
B
What compelled the wave of iconoclasm in the 720s? A) the Bubonic Plague B) Muslim attacks C) famine D) the death of the emperor
B
What was the major threat to Byzantium in the late 900s? A) Persia B) Bulgaria C) Seljuk Turks D) Arab Muslims
B
What was the umma created by Muhammad? A) a group of preachers B) the community of Islam C) a group of disciples D) Muslim priests
B
What were the hippodromes? A) Greek plays adopted by Byzantine tragedians B) outdoor arenas used for athletic competitions C) aqueducts used by the Romans D) young male spectators who were either "Blues" or "Greens"
B
Which group of Christians believed that Jesus was purely divine? A) Arians B) Monophysites C) Nestorians D) Catholics
B
Which man converted to Christianity because he believed that his wife's prayers helped him win a battle? A) Constantine B) Clovis C) Charlemagne D) Pepin
B
Which man established a set of regulations for monastic life? A) Augustine B) Benedict C) Leo D) Charlemagne
B
Which man tried to revive paganism in the Byzantine Empire? A) Justinian B) Julian C) Constantine D) Theodora
B
Which of the following occurred at the battle at Manzikert? A) The Seljuk armies were soundly defeated. B) The Turks were victorious. C) Alp Arslan defeated Turkish troops. D) The Persians were defeated.
B
Which of the following statements about Eleanor of Aquitaine is NOT true? A) She was married to King Henry II. B) She ruled in her own right. C) She was the mother of Richard the Lionheart. D) She went on a crusade with her husband, Louis VII.
B
Which of the following statements about Justinian's Code is NOT true? A) It serves as the foundation of the modern legal systems of many western nations. B) It was open to revision as necessary. C) It codified and preserved Roman law. D) It made Roman law the most influential legal system in history.
B
Which of the following statements concerning the Nicene Creed is NOT true? A) Constantine presided over the council that drafted the creed. B) It says that God created Jesus; therefore God is superior to Jesus. C) It is still recited today by some Christian denominations. D) It says that Christ is "of the same being" as God.
B
Which of these emerged as the product of the Reconquista? A) Italy B) Spain C) France D) Germany
B
Which of these gave the Franks a special place in western Christianity? A) They were crowned by the pope. B) They were the first monarchs to accept Roman Christianity. C) They provided armies to the papacy. D) They were supporters of the patriarch of the eastern empire.
B
Which of these is an alternative to the most common interpretation of jihad? A) Jihad means military conflict. B) Jihad really refers to one's own personal struggles with sin. . C) Jihad was never used in the Qur'an. D) Jihad was actually a Christian practice before the coming of Islam.
B
Which of these popes brought reform to the papacy and the entire western church? A) Leo III B) Gregory VII C) Nicholas II D) Boniface VIII
B
Which of these preceded and exacerbated the effects of the plague? A) an outbreak of measles B) famine C) Europe-wide warfare D) Viking invasions
B
Which of these was achieved by the Magna Carta? A) civil liberties for all B) limits on royal power C) basic human rights D) democracy
B
Which religion was adopted by Vladimir? A) Judaism B) Orthodox Christianity C) Islam D) Roman Catholicism
B
Which word meaning "struggle" or "striving" is often translated to mean "holy war"? A) Hejira B) jihad C) caliph D) umma
B
Who were the leaders of the Eastern Orthodox Church? A) kings B) patriarchs C) popes D) bishops
B
Why did the Byzantine Empire experience a population decline in the 600s and 700s? A) war with the Visigoths B) Bubonic Plague C) attacks by Attila D) renewed war with the Ostrogoths
B
Why was Muhammad invited to Yathrib (Medina)? A) to build a mosque B) to mediate in a local dispute C) to negotiate with Jews in the city D) to establish trade with Mecca
B
Torsion Catapult
Ballista
In 1215, what capital city did GK attack? Who was in the front lines?
Bejing Enemy prisoners
When GK was born, what was in his hand?
Blood Clot
What did they do to the new slave workers that arrived at the mausoleum, to make sure that running away was pointless
Branded
Large nodules filled with blood that turned black
Buboes
A deadly contagion typically carried from rodents to humans by fleas. Painful inflammations followed by chills, vomiting,fever, diarrhea, and delirium also leading to death in 3 or 4 days
Bubonic Plague
Appeared in the Byzantine Empire in 541 when ships from North Africa carrying infected rats docked in Byzantine Ports. Victims died horrible, their bodies covered with "buboes", or large nodules filled with blood that turned black. The high fevers, delirium, and intense pain that accompanied the plague terrified the uninfected population; frightened citizens left the sick untended and bodies unburied in the streets.
Bubonic Plague
Most common form. When a flea bites soft tissue anywhere on the human body . Mortality was about 35 percent 15 centuries ago and is approximately 20 percent today.
Bubonic Plague
The Black Death
Bubonic Plague
What was the influence of Greek art?
Buddha
I will endure to be ________, to be ________, to be __________, and to be __________________ by the sword
Burned Bound Beaten Killed
What was the result of the Muslim attacks in the 670s? A) Constantinople was taken. B) The attacks were driven back to Syria. C) The Byzantine Empire lost significant territory. D) The Byzantine Empire destroyed the Arab armies.
C
What was the ultimate goal of Wat Tyler? A) the liberation of the Holy Land B) the defeat of the Muslims C) equality for all D) the dominance of the Church
C
Which group of Christians believed that Jesus was actually two persons, one human and one divine? A) Arians B) Monophysites C) Nestorians D) Catholics
C
Which man proclaimed Christianity to be the official religion of the Roman Empire? A) Justinian B) Justin C) Theodosius D) Constantine
C
Which man wrote of an imaginary island - Utopia - in which citizens held property in common? A) Machiavelli B) More C) Castiglione D) Erasmus
C
Which of the following accurately portrays the problems of the Third Crusade? A) The Church did not have enough money to provide adequate weaponry. B) The Jews withdrew their support from the Crusaders due to persecution by many Christians. C) The Crusader kings were constantly in conflict with each other. D) The Muslims had help from the Mongols.
C
Which of the following best depicts the ideology espoused by Machiavelli in The Prince? A) A ruler should be honest, fair, and just. B) A ruler should rule for the benefit of all members of society, not just the rich. C) A ruler should do what works to achieve their goals. D) A ruler should be careful to avoid entangling alliances.
C
Which of these best describes the First Crusade? A) a partial success B) a failure C) a complete success D) a disaster
C
Which of these tied the Kievan Rus to Byzantium in the 980s? A) alliance against the Pechenegs B) Byzantine defeat of Kiev C) ties of marriage and religion D) commercial alliance
C
Whose beliefs were branded as heresy? A) Justinian's B) Constantine's C) Arius' D) Theodosius'
C
Who dies on the Ides of March?
Caesar
Who was the head of the Conquest of Gaul? "The Gallic War"
Caesar
Census
Censor
500-300 B.C. Ideal Form Perfect Bodies
Classical Art
Alexander's friend ________ is run through by Alexander. Why? Because he says Alex is acting like a ____________
Cleitus Persian god king
Who does Caesar end up have a love child with in Egypt?
Clopatra
"Philhellene" on ______ in Parthia
Coins
What did the Roman Republic vote with?
Coins
1 year term (6 months as dictator in emergency) How many of these did the Roman Republic have?
Consuls 2
Loan shark, fire station scams Not a general wants fame of winning Dies by someone pouring gold down his throat
Crassus
Who were in the first Triumvirate?
Crassus Pompey Julias Caeser
In 230 BC, the young king goes on the march with a new army. What type of units did they include?
Crossbowmen Lance carriers with lances
During the Church's Babylonian Captivity, eight popes lived in the city of A) Babylon. B) Baghdad. C) Paris. D) Avignon.
D
Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV (the Fair) engaged in a bitter conflict of the issue of A) papal power. B) the Crusades. C) baptism. D) taxes.
D
The Second Crusade was authorized by Pope A) Boniface IV. B) Urban II. C) Innocent IV. D) Eugenius III.
D
What advice did Theodora offer Justinian regarding the revolt of 532? A) Flee the city to avoid overthrow. B) Crush the rebels with brute force. C) Convert to Judaism and ally with Rome. D) Stay in Constantinople regardless of the threat.
D
What is iconoclasm? A) the worship of idols B) the creation of icons C) a banning of icons D) the breaking of images
D
Where do we get our names for many of the days of the week? A) German chiefs B) Byzantine rules C) Byzantine gods D) German gods
D
Which group of people completed the Islamic conquest of West Asia? A) the Seljuks B) the Fatimids C) the Kiev Russians D) the Ottoman Turks
D
Which king focused on creating a strong centralized judicial system? A) Philip II Augustus B) Philip IV (the Fair) C) King John D) Henry II
D
Which of the following conditions led to the demise of Southern Arabia in the 200s? A) the new commercial route of the Ptolemaic Empire B) interference with trade routes by Northern Arabians C) prosperity of the Ethiopian kingdom of Axum on the Arabian peninsula D) all of the above
D
Which of the following statements about the Khazars is NOT true? A) They abandoned their nomadic heritage and built large towns. B) They tolerated paganism and Christianity. C) They created a professional, paid army. D) They adopted Islam, but remained tolerant of other religions.
D
Which of the following was NOT one of the four patriarchs? A) Patriarch of Constantinople B) Patriarch of Antioch C) Patriarch of Alexandria D) Patriarch of Rome
D
Which of these was NOT provided by monasteries? A) medical care B) charity C) education D) seminaries for priests
D
Which people were called "equal of the Apostles"? A) Romans B) bishops of the western church C) popes D) Byzantine emperors
D
Who was the first man to reunite most of western and central Europe after the fall of Rome? A) Clovis B) Alaric C) Attila D) Charlemagne
D
All warfare is based on ______
Deception
What kind of god was Alexander?
Demigod
Athenian orator
Demosthenes
Alexander dresses up as the goddess ______ and rode around in a chariot
Diana
Rex
Evil King
From the skeletons found, how did these workmen die?
Executed
Contrary to legend, when the Mongols attacked and took China, they were relatively lenient to the common people, peaceably allowing them to live without harm to their families or property, in order to collect taxes - GK would not allow any plundering and pillaging T F
F
In one last show of mercy, all the Emperor's childless concubines (wives) are allowed to go free and marry again T F
F
Prisoners of War were treated with mercy, if they promised to be loyal to the emperor and join his army. T F
F
That the Colosseum has an "underground chamber" below the sandy floor is myth T F
F
The new state control of every aspect of life, written on bamboo strips, was known as Confucianism. T F
F
The young king's Chinese army was so large that it was almost the size of the Roman army of the time. T F
F
To honor the Prim Minister (the man who may have been the Emperor's own father and was the political architect of his rise to power) the Emperor has a week long birthday holiday for the Prim Minister each year. T F
F
When the Merket tribe attempted to take his beautiful wife, Borte, GK defended her and was able to hold off six enemies at once, until he was knocked out T F
F
People who whipped themselves with chains and straps in hopes of gaining God's mercy
Flagellants
Plague germs are ingested by _____ that suck the blood of infected black ______. The fleas then move from rats to ______.
Fleas Rats Humans
Where did the Celts live?
France England Ireland
Pompey and Caesar are excellent ________ _______ marries _______ daughter
Generals Pompey Caeser
Short sword
Gladius
How does the Emperor decide to defend against the horse-riding nomads of the North?
Great Wall
Hellene
Greece
Becomes the common tongue
Greek Language
What was Rome's worst nightmare?
Hannibal
300-100 B.C. Realism Emotion Motion Imperfect Bodies
Hellenistic Art
Mix of East and West
Hellenistic Synthesis
Big shield
Hopla
What have recent archaeologists discovered that was disturbing in the mosoleum?
Human bones
What "dirty trick" did the Chinese put in the path of the Mongol horsemen?
Iron Spikes
What was Alexander's 3 stage plan to conquer Persia?
Liberate Ionia Take all port cities along Mediterranean Attack Persia
What is the earliest gospel fragment?
John 18 31-33
What does the envoy of the kingdom of Yen hide in a map to be given to the Emperor Qin?
Knife
Around 535 the Indonesian volcano of ________ erupted in an enormous explosion. The ______ produced cool, wet, dark summers throughout the world for the next several years. The declining temperatures provided a perfect growth environment for _______
Krakatoa Ash Bacteria
To whom did gladiators swear an oath?
Lanista
Priest of Troy, and sons struggle against snakes sent by Apollo Statue
Laocoon
Center of Greek _______ is in Alexandria, Egypt not in Athens
Learning
GK used psychological warfare by doing what with fires?
Lit 5 fires
What war booty helped finance the Colosseum?
Loot from war before
Phil
Love
Sarissas being used in formation
Macedonian Phalanx
What killed Alexander the Great?
Mosquito
Greek
New Testament
What Qin Shihuangdi's tomb of terra cotta soldiers left undisturbed until it's rediscovery in the 20th century?
No
Who is Alexander's mom?
Olympias
Who may have been involved in Philip's death?
Olympias
Landed aristocrats
Patricians
Arrowhead found at a later siege by Philip... the name inscribed? "_______"
Philip
The Macedonian Phalanx Sarissa Companion Cavalry Conquest of Greece A Young Son Inherits
Philip of Macedon
Throwing spear
Pilum
Non-aristocrats Elect 10 tribunes - veto So people have 'some' representation
Plebs
Spread by a victim coughing directly into the face of an uninfected person, killed 50 percent of its victims.
Pneumonic Plague
When GK was a boy, what happened to his father?
Poisned
Though built "for the people" how might this new Amphitheatre be seen as a way to control the people as well?
Politically
Who might really have been the young king's dad?
Prime Minister
Who was Alexander's successor?
Ptolemy
Carthage vs. Roman Republic
Punic Wars
Unaware of what caused the Bubonic Plague, many saw it as divine _________ for _______ of Church and society. Some joined groups of ________. Others assuming their time was short, indulged in the pleasures of ______, _______,and ______. Some tried ______ or ______; others ______ themselves from human contact. Still others attacked the _______, blaming them for the tragedy.
Punishment Sin Flagellants Food Drink Sex Witchcraft Magic Secluded Jews
Roman ________ was 500 Bc and before and Roman _______ was 500 AC and after
Republic Empire
That 'public thing'
Res Publica
Overthrow King - Tarquin the Proud. Patricians Senate Plebs
Roma Republic
What ancient western army do the long lance carriers remind you of?
Romans
18-20 foot long spear
Sarissa
Shield
Scutum
What are the arms and armor of the Romans?
Scutum Pilum Gladius
Hannibal Cannae Zama
Second Punic War
Where is GK's burial and tomb?
Secret
Controlled by patricians Like an oligarchy of aristocrats Elect 2 consuls/year
Senate
Jesus and Greek
Sepphoris
Occurring when a flea transmits the germs directly into a blood vessel, killed 100 percent.
Septicemic Plague
Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) translated into Greek
Septuagint
Jewish Bible in Greek
Septuagint
Demetrius "City-Taker" 150 ft. tall
Siege Tower
Were the 700,000 workers who were making the tomb slaves or free?
Slaves
How big is the country of Qin compared to the other 6 countries of China, when the young king takes control?
Small
What did Olympias love?
Snakes
1 good spy is worth one million ______
Soldiers
Nemesis was the goddess of revenge, worshipped by many gladiators T F
T
The outbreak of the Bubonic Plague began in ____________, where rats and people had been beset by plague sporadically for centuries. In the 1330's and 1340's, _________ soldiers whose supply wagons harbored infected rats and fleas, the plague spread to other parts of China.
Southwest china Mongol
Who fought in the Peloponnesian Wars?
Sparta Athens
Often gladiators had wives and children, and on death they could receive compensation, somewhat like life insurance. T F
T
Alchemists compete to give the Emperor the elixir of life that will make him immortal - often this includes eating mercury T F
T
As a boy, GK had killed his own brother with a bow and arrow, because his brother would not share some food from hunting T F
T
As many as half of all gladiators were volunteers, some for personal glory and others to pay off debt - and volunteers would serve for up to 5 years. T F
T
As the Mongols invaded Europe (undefeated), the only reason they turned back at Vienna was because the Khan had died back in the East and they needed to elect a new Khan - an election that saved Europe from being conquered. T F
T
Bc the top officials don't want the Emperor's death to be known until his body is back in the capital - his stinking corpse chariot is followed by a stinking cart of fish to cover up the smell! T F
T
Beast fights and criminals were often brought out first, before gladiators were brought out to do battle T F
T
Both the volcanic eruption of Vesuvius (destroying Pompeii) and a huge fire in Rome occurred under Titus, and the people began to believe the gods had turned against him - in some sense, Titus hoped the inaugural games in the Amphitheatre might save his throne T F
T
Chinese catapult bombs were definitely high tech, they included oil, molten metal, and excrement - nothing like a good excrement bomb T F
T
GK apparently defeated the Great Wall of China by simply going around it, through the Gobi Desert T F
T
GK believe he was on a divine mission to conquer the world, and asked a Taoist monk to give him an elixir of life to live forever T F
T
GK believed his people were said to be descended from wolves, and thus warriors must act as a unit, not as individuals T F
T
GK believed that an army's leaders should be chased upon ability and loyalty alone, not on whether they were of noble blood - therefore, even humble shepherds become great leaders in his army T F
T
GK gave his troops silk shirts, so if they were shot with an arrow, the silk would help the arrow come out more easily T F
T
GK had lost a huge battle against his former friend and blood brother, Jamuka- GK's troops were unprepared and outwitted T F
T
GK's armies not only took China's capital of Beijing, he ordered plunder, rape, and a destruction so complete that one year later, ambassadors visiting said the streets were slippery with human fat. T F
T
GK's army of 200,000 invaded and destroyed Persia, killing a million people, then turning towards Europe T F
T
GK's last words: My destiny was to conquer all the world, but I did not live long enough - that is up to you T F
T
GK's sons continued his destiny to conquer the world, and they doubled the size of his empire, the largest ever T F
T
Gladiators had a roughly 90% chance of surviving a fight, they were seldom to the death, and if the sponsor did order a gladiator's death, he would pay up to 10 times the going price T F
T
Gladiators often formed "burial clubs" to ensure proper burial and a tombstone perhaps, much like a shared life insurance T F
T
Gladiators were quite well taken care of as an expensive investment, including good food, nightly bathing; they even had some of the best doctors and medical care available T F
T
Gladiators were sometimes paid, a single victory might win the gladiator the equivalent of a Roman soldier's salary for a year T F
T
In 1204, GK's well trained troops used tactics such as reserve forces and feigned retreats with traps to destroy his blood brother Jamuka's army T F
T
In many ways, the Emperor's emphasis on unity allowed the rulers of China during the following centuries to create an open and free society for the Chinese people - millennia before this was seen in the West T F
T
In the only detailed gladiator battle recorded, Verus and Priscus fought and fought, even without shields - finally both signaled a single finger - both were granted the victor by the Emperor Titus, given wooden swords and freed T F
T
Jamuka, GK's blood brother, took GK's captured generals and boiled them alive T F
T
Many gladiators were sought after by high-born Roman women for "entertainment", and many girls viewed them as "heart throbs". T F
T
Men and women did not sit together in the Amphitheatre, women were given the worst seats near the top of the arena T F
T
"War Machine" Romans
The Legion
SPQR
The Senate and People of Rom
puny "war" Cato the Elder
Third Punic War
Even when the plague was gone, its impact remained. _____ was disrupted, as ports turned away ships and towns excluded outsiders. With few workers left to till fields, ______ often went untended. _________ showed skeletons doing a "Dance of Death," reflecting a general sense of doom.
Trade Farms Grotesque folk art
How did gladiatorial schools (ludi) obtain the best gladiators?
Trained like athletes
From the Plebs (commoners) have veto power
Tribunes
Rule of three people
Triumvirate
The Byzantine emperor welcomed the news of Charlemagne's coronation. A) True B) False
b
