History Mid term quiz
A new religious order for women that emerged in the sixteenth century was the: Select one: A. Ursulines B. Society of Jesus C. Colloquy of Marburg D. Evangelines.
A
According to the Dutch humanist Erasmus, the key to reform was: Select one: A. education B. control of the papacy C. dependent on individual piety D. tied to the building of a strong state
A
As the nineteenth century progressed, the upper middle class: Select one: A. tended to merge with the old aristocracy B. expressed a high degree of social conscience C. formed tighter bonds with the rest of the middle class D. retained its frugal attitudes.
A
At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies sought to reconstruct Europe by: Select one: A. applying the principle of the balance of power B. resurrecting the Holy Roman Empire C. treating France harshly and prevent its rearmament for at least 20 years D. established constitutional monarchies in the areas conquered by Napoleon
A
By the eighteenth century justifications for slavery relied less on religion (bringing Christianity) and emphasized: Select one: A. slavery as determined by race and the natural outcome of science and nature B. the need to civilize the savage Africans and bring the continent into the global community C. the political needs of empires rather than cultural or religious issues D. the economic benefits Africans gained with slavery.
A
Comte believed that application of the positivist method would result in: Select one: A. discovery of the eternal laws of human relations B. social revolution C. economic growth D. the establishment of socialism.
A
French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the: Select one: A. prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France B. destruction of English naval power C. destruction of the economic power of the Low Countries D. winning back of Alsace-Lorraine.
A
How did Louis XV damage the sense of his sacred authority? Select one: A. Louis allowed his common-born mistresses to exercise tremendous influence culturally and politically, which led to scandalous depictions of the king and the court in pamphlets. B. Louis attempted to remove his rightful son as his successor and name one of his illegitimate children as the heir to the throne. C. Louis refused to take Holy Communion because of the claims of the Catholic Church that he had illegally seized church property. D. Louis had sided with Protestant princes against the effort of the Catholic Dukes of Austria to unify all of the German lands under Catholic authority.
A
How did Michel de Montaigne offer a counterpoint to Europe's growing imperial activities? Select one: A. Montaigne rejected the notion that one culture was superior to another. B. Montaigne asserted that Christianity could not be taught to non-Western people. C. Montaigne argued that integration with local cultures would pollute European culture. D. Montaigne claimed that Europe produced all of the goods it needed and colonial products only led to luxury and moral corruption.
A
How did Peter the Great's westernizing reforms affect marriage? Select one: A. Young men and women were required to attend parties together and could freely choose their own spouses. B. Land could not be passed to children at marriage, diminishing the motivation of children to marry at a young age. C. Young men and women could only marry after demonstrating that they would raise their children in a Western fashion. D. The authority of fathers was augmented so that they had complete control over the marriages of children.
A
How did the reaction of kings and nobles in continental Europe toward the Revolution change over the Revolution's first two years? Select one: A. Initially pleased by the Revolution's weakening of France, they came to feel threatened by its increasingly radical message. B. Initially fearful of the Revolution's chaos, they came to support the effort to implement needed reforms in France. C. Initially fearful of the Revolution's chaos, they came to support the effort to implement needed reforms in France. D. Initially outraged at the Revolution's attacks on the authority of the Catholic Church, they came to accept France's need to strengthen itself over the Church.
A
In eighteenth century France, Madame du Châtelet: Select one: A. believed that women's limited contribution to science was the result of unequal education B. was the first woman admitted into the Royal Academy of Sciences C. was the powerful mistress of Louis XV D. inspired Jean-Jacques Rousseau's ideas on education and emotion.
A
In the "separate spheres" pattern of gender relationships: Select one: A. women generally stopped working outside of the home after the first child was born B. women increasingly gained access to employment opportunities that had traditionally been reserved for men C. factories were divided into separate for women and men D. jobs were strictly defined by gender.
A
The Concordat of Bologna (1516) helped resolve the dispute between the French crown and the papacy over lay investiture by giving the papacy the first year income of new bishops and: Select one: A. the French king retained the right to select French bishops and abbots B. the French king retained the right to collect all tax from church lands thereafter C. in return the pope agreed that his powers were now subject to a council D. the French king could appoint bishops, although his choices were subject to a papal veto.
A
The Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 commemorated the: Select one: A. industrial dominance of Britain B. half-century of labor reforms in Britain C. Battle of Waterloo D. launching of the Great Eastern.
A
What changes around 1300 permitted a significant expansion in the movement of goods? Select one: A. Improvements in ship design permitted year-round sailing. B. The end of knightly warfare permitted trade to develop along peaceful, secure trade routes. C. Expansion of banking houses allowed merchants to draw upon credit more effectively. D. The end of knightly warfare permitted trade to develop along peaceful, secure trade routes.
A
What core concept of the Enlightenment was the most important and original? Select one: A. The methods of natural science should be used to examine, and improve, all aspects of life. B. God has no role in the workings of the universe and was best left to a person's spiritual belief. C. Science and reason could help humans achieve their full potential. D. The connection of the emotional to the material and scientific.
A
What was the consequence of Rákóczy's rebellion for Habsburg rule? Select one: A. Hungary was never fully integrated into a centralized, absolute Habsburg state. B. The Bohemian nobility was crushed and replaced with new nobles loyal to the Habsburgs. C. The Catholic Church recognized the superiority of secular rulers over church lands in the Habsburg Empire. D. The Habsburgs lost control over most of their lands in northern Italy.
A
Which of the following best describes the open-field system of the Middle Ages? Select one: A. The land was divided into long, narrow strips that were not enclosed by fences or hedges. B. The land was not divided but worked communally as villages labored in large fields side-by-side. C. The land was divided into large, square plots that permitted individual families to retain control over their own crops. D. The land was not divided, so the lord of the manor could directly control agricultural techniques and introduce farming innovations.
A
Which of the following statements correctly characterizes industrial growth patterns in Europe? Select one: A. Belgium led continental Europe in adopting British technology for production. B. Following the Napoleonic Wars, France experienced a boom in factory production as the economy shifted from wartime to peacetime production. C. Eastern and Southern Europe initially kept pace, but industrialization lagged due to warfare. D. Tariffs on the continent stimulated industrial competition and growth.
A
Which of the following statements represents the work of Eugène Delacroix? Select one: A. It was a dramatic and emotional artistic illustration of the romantic movement. B. Best known for poetry, he included powerful feelings recollected in tranquility. C. He sought to record folk songs and tales to illustrate the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture. D. He was a composer who used a wide range of forms to evoke powerful emotions.
A
Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir Mary, Queen of Scots, executed in 1587? Select one: A. Mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth. B. Elizabeth executed Mary to demonstrate the consequences of supporting Catholicism. C. Elizabeth resented Mary's beauty and ability to dominate men. D. Mary had led Scottish troops against England in order to seize the throne.
A
Why did a unified Italian state fail to develop in the fifteenth century? Select one: A. Political loyalty centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state. B. The papacy prevented any movement toward unification, fearing a threat to its political authority. C. Spain claimed all of southern Italy and threatened war on any power seeking to unify the peninsula. D. The Italians were too culturally and linguistically diverse to realistically form a nation-state
A
Why did the Dutch fail to maintain their dominance in Asia? Select one: A. The Dutch East India Company failed to diversify its trade to meet changing consumption patterns in Europe. B. The Dutch government found that sustaining the colonies in Asia cost more than the profits that could be made and withdrew military protection. C. The Dutch Reformed Church took a position condemning colonialism as sinful, undercutting popular support for the Asian colonies. D. The Dutch missionaries forcefully pressed Christianity onto local leaders, leading to successful rebellions against the colonies.
A
Why did the English government arrive at a crisis situation by 1640? Select one: A. Charles I governed without Parliament and financed his government by emergency taxes. B. James I frequently lectured the House of Commons about his divine authority. C. Charles I married a Catholic princess. D. Charles I sought to impose the Scottish religion on England.
A
Abbé Sieyès's answer to the question, "What is the Third Estate?" was that it was: Select one: A. a bunch of rabble-rousers B. the true strength of the French nation C. those who adhered to liberalism D. the business and professional elite.
B
According to the text, the string of French military victories after the winter of 1793-1794 were largely due to: Select one: A. superior generalship B. patriotism and the superior numbers supplied by the draft C. superior French technology and tactics D. Austria's withdrawal from the First Coalition.
B
Between 1650 and 1790, a crucial component of the global economy was established when European nations encouraged: Select one: A. the African trade B. the Atlantic economy C. colonial economic development D. the East Indian trade.
B
Edwin Chadwick gained fame as: Select one: A. a trade union leader B. an advocate of improved public sanitation C. an influential follower of Marx D. a successful businessman.
B
Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as: Select one: A. dualism B. empiricism C. naturalism D. materialism.
B
How did class-consciousness form during the Industrial Revolution? Select one: A. Forward thinking radicals adopted Marxist doctrine. B. Many individuals came to believe that classes existed and developed a sense of class feeling C. The government promoted class-consciousness to protect the position and wealth of the new industrialists. D. American influences after the Revolution led to the greater division of classes.
B
How did labor in British families change in the eighteenth century? Select one: A. Family members increasingly adopted new convenient machines that reduced the time needed in household labor significantly. B. Family members shifted labor away from unpaid work for household consumption and toward work for wages. C. Family members increasingly scattered to diverse places of employment, rarely working together. D. Husbands became more involved in managing the household because of the greater cash flow running through the house.
B
How did the Concordat help bring greater stability to France? Select one: A. It guaranteed full civil rights for the peasants and commoners. B. The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state gained greater control over the nomination of church officers. C. L'Ouverture signed a treaty guaranteeing free trade with France. D. It abolished all noble privileges and church rights.
B
How did the French provisional government respond to the worsening depression and rising unemployment in 1848? Select one: A. It expanded the size of the army to provide employment. B. It established national workshops to provide public works jobs. C. It provided free bread and cheese rations in all of the major cities. D. It created an internal police force to spy on workers' organizations.
B
How did the Spanish Crown operate the encomienda system? Select one: A. It adopted the Native Americans as "protected children" in return for promises of labor and tribute. B. It granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter. C. It placed the Native Americans under the protection of the Catholic missionaries as long as they learned and embraced the Catholic faith. D. It taxed the Native Americans directly and then compensated the colonists out of the revenues collected for the labor Native Americans did not provide.
B
How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples? Select one: A. European sense of superiority became a purely religious conviction, based on the belief they were pre-ordained from God to govern others. B. European superiority was defined in biological and cultural terms. C. The idea of "race" was used in a political way to expand European beliefs of superiority. D. European beliefs in superiority were now directed only against Africans, who they saw as the lowest in society.
B
In Africa, the slave trade primarily resulted in: Select one: A. a relief from over-population B. more wars and likely fewer people C. more wealth for coastal states, which permeated inland D. a modernization and improvement in standard of life.
B
In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government? Select one: A. He believed in democracy, like most philosophes. B. He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for. C. He saw the despot or autocrat as designated by God. D. He believed in enlightened despotism as long as he could be the despot
B
In terms of gender relations, Renaissance humanists argued that: Select one: A. men and women were equals in intellectual pursuits B. women's sphere of activity was private and domestic C. with education, the status of women had improved since the Middle Ages D. women lacked immortal souls.
B
In the nineteenth century, the standard of living for the British working class: Select one: A. improved steadily from the beginning of industrialization B. slowly improved after 1820 C. deteriorated throughout the nineteenth century D. improved only for the skilled workers.
B
Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established: Select one: A. by the cooperation of all classes to alleviate poverty and exploitation B. by violent revolution C. by a gradual process of concentration of ownership of economic enterprises D. once all people came to understand the dangers of capitalism and industrialization.
B
Louis XIV extended his power by selecting councilors from the: Select one: A. nobles of the sword B. newly ennobled or upper middle class C. military commanders D. senior clergy.
B
Merchant capitalists constantly complained about: Select one: A. the high cost of production in the rural countryside B. their inability to directly supervise and direct the work of rural laborers C. the constant claims by guilds to authority over rural production D. government efforts to protect spinners and weavers from labor abuses.
B
Protestant beliefs allowed for the dissolution of marriages in divorce because they: Select one: A. viewed marriage as a temporary arrangement in this world that had no significance for the afterlife B. viewed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community C. believed the right to divorce in marriage was the only way to guarantee equality between men and women D. viewed marriages conducted in the Catholic church to be based on coercion and superficiality.
B
Railroad construction on the continent: Select one: A. was much cheaper than it had been in Britain B. featured varying degrees of government involvement C. generally follow the British pattern D. was actually ahead of British railroad construction.
B
The English peasant rebellion of 1381 was ignited by: Select one: A. the excommunication of John Wycliffe B. the reimposition of the head tax C. the French victory at the Battle of Poitiers D. a sharp rise in grain prices.
B
The idea of the public sphere that emerged during the Enlightenment refers to: Select one: A. a government bureau that regulated the work of the philosophes B. an idealized space where individuals gathered to discuss social and political issues C. the spaces in the royal courts where commoners could observe the ceremonies D. the practice of legislatures to permit private citizens to make addresses before the gathered deputies.
B
The leadership of the Dutch people in farming methodology can be attributed primarily to: Select one: A. the exceptional fertility of their lands B. the necessity to provide for a densely populated country C. the leader of the Dutch scientific community D. their Calvinist work ethic.
B
The major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the Industrial Revolution was: Select one: A. John Hargreaves invention of the spinning jenny in 1765 B. James Watt's steam engine, developed and marketed between the 1760s and the 1780s C. Sir Isaac Newton's discovery of the law of action and reaction D. the use of running water to power cotton-spinning machinery.
B
The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution (1688) was: Select one: A. economic dislocation from the civil war B. a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II C. defeat suffered in the War of the Spanish Succession D. the 1640 uprising in Ireland.
B
The reformer Robert Owens sought to: Select one: A. oppose industrial development as contrary to human happiness B. create a single large national union for British workers C. defend the rights of private property against socialist claims D. form a committee of industrialists to advise the government on industrial policy.
B
Which of the following best describes the role of women in guilds in the eighteenth century? Select one: A. Guilds permitted women to serve as workers but forbade any women from becoming masters. B. Both legal and illegal work in guilds became more accessible to women. C. Guilds promoted middle-class ideals about the harm to women of working outside of the home. D. Guilds dropped all restrictions that forbade women from serving as masters or laborers.
B
By the eighteenth century, the Spanish colonial elite: Select one: A. emphasized their "Spanish-ness" in order to distinguish themselves from the local peoples B. largely abandoned European culture in order to create a new Latin American culture C. came to believe that their circumstances gave them different interests and characteristics from those in Spain D. Were openly discussing breaking ties with Spain in a colonial independence movement.
C
Confraternities were part of a movement in which: Select one: A. monks and nuns jointly devised projects to improve community welfare B. monks left monasteries in order to serve parishes without regular priests C. laymen and laywomen increasingly took control of parish affairs Correct D. priests lived communally in order to save the church unnecessary expenses.
C
During the Hundred Years' War, the English kings were supported by some French barons because the latter: Select one: A. disapproved of the Babylonian Captivity B. were promised estates in England C. wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts D. were economically dependent on the English wool trade.
C
How did Charles X of France seek to rally political support for himself? Select one: A. He expanded voting rights to include nearly all men. B. He overturned the law that prohibited the formation of labor unions. C. He invaded Algeria and established it as a French territory. D. He promoted the Constitutional Charter that guaranteed civil liberties.
C
How did Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Renaissance? Select one: A. Enlightenment thinkers focused on worldly matters, while the Renaissance focused on concepts of sin and salvation. B. Enlightenment thinkers embraced a vision of a world without God, the Renaissance did not. C. Enlightenment thinkers believed in the possibility of human progress, Renaissance thinkers look to antiquity to understand human nature. D. Enlightenment thinkers drew inspiration from the Greek and Roman classics, whereas the Renaissance focused on the Bible.
C
How did Isaac Newton's law of gravity bring together learning from the Scientific Revolution? Select one: A. Newton proved that the workings of nature could be understood without reference of God. B. Newton showed that the investigation of nature had significant limits as a form of knowledge. C. Newton synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system. D. Newton demonstrated that the physical properties of nature can best be understood when isolated, to show their own unique properties.
C
How did fifteenth-century Spain define "Jewishness" in a new, discriminatory, way? Select one: A. A Jew was defined as cultural rather than biological, and Jewish identity could be removed by being raised in a non-Jewish culture. B. A Jew was defined as political, so status could change if a Jew separated himself from the political Jewish leaders. C. A Jew was defined as inherent in the blood, so Jews could never be true Christians. D. A Jew was defined as intellectual, so status could change if a Jew dedicated himself to learning the Christian tradition
C
How did the expansion of the Industrial Revolution affect the middle class's work life? Select one: A. The middle class increasingly used their ownership of business to improve working conditions for the poor and laboring classes. B. The middle class was increasingly undermined by wealthy industrialists who turned them into wage laborers barely functioning above the laboring poor. C. The middle class established a range of new professions, which required specialized knowledge and advanced education. D. The middle class left positions of managers in large private and public organizations, believing them to be beneath their dignity.
C
In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832 accomplished all of the following except: Select one: A. it allowed the House of Commons to emerge as the all-important legislative body B. it gave greater representation to the new, industrial areas of the nation C. it granted the vote to substantial farmers but not to the middle-class urban population D. it increased the number of voters by about fifty percent.
C
In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the: Select one: A. growth of a small landowning class B. monarchy's seizure of land from the nobility C. consolidation of serfdom D. establishment of an independent peasantry.
C
In return for financial support, what did Charles II of England secretly promise Louis XIV of France? Select one: A. England would lift trade restrictions against French products. B. England would provide troops to France in the event of war with Austria. C. English laws against Catholics would be eased and England gradually re-Catholicized. D. England would support France's claims to the Spanish throne.
C
Mercantilist theory postulated that: Select one: A. government should not interfere in the economy B. imports and exports should be equally balanced C. economic activity should be regulated by and for the state D. free trade would maximize the wealth of all nations.
C
The British won the American component of the Seven Years' War because: Select one: A. the French military leadership was ineffective B. their Prussian ally won the European component C. they diverted men and money from Europe to the American theater D. they won the support of Native American tribes.
C
The English Navigation Acts mandated that all England's imports and exports be transported on English ships, which: Select one: A. initiated English involvement in the transatlantic slave trade B. severely limited the British economic development thereafter C. gave British merchants a virtual monopoly on trade with British colonies D. prevented the American colonists from building ships.
C
The National Assembly instituted all of the following reforms except: Select one: A. the abolition of monopolies, guilds, and workers' associations B. granting religious toleration to French Jews and Protestants C. recognizing women as holding full civil rights, giving them true equal rights in all spheres D. dividing France into eighty-three departments of relatively equal size.
C
The Reformation in England in the sixteenth century was primarily the result of: Select one: A. Elizabeth I's conversion to Presbyterianism B. the terrible conditions then existing in the English churches C. the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII D. the missionary activity of the Lollards.
C
The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572) led to: Select one: A. the end of Protestant power in France B. a lengthy and disruptive civil war C. an international peace conference D. a new spirit of cooperation between Protestants and Catholics.
C
The Treaty of Tordesillas: Select one: A. divided the Americas by giving Spain everything south of the Caribbean and England everything north of the Caribbean B. divided the Americas by giving Portugal all of the sugar-producing regions and Spain all of the silver-producing regions C. divided the Atlantic Ocean with a line of demarcation, giving Spain control of everything to the west and Portugal everything east of the line D. divided the Pacific Ocean by giving England the Indian subcontinent and Portugal all of the East Indies.
C
The group of people who benefitted the most from large price increases in the sixteenth century was the: Select one: A. the nobility B. the colonists C. the middle class D. the money-lenders.
C
The life-and-death political struggle between the Girondists and the Mountain resulted mainly from: Select one: A. the Girondists' rejection of war B. their differences over the role of women in society C. the Girondists' more moderate policies D. religious differences.
C
What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System? Select one: A. British merchants and craftsmen lost their major market, deeply harming the British economy and the British tax base for its wars against France. B. French merchants and manufacturers profited from the monopoly they now held on continental trade. C. French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain. D. French colonies collapsed because the British blockaded them in response to the French blockade.
C
Which of the following best characterizes the Glorious English Revolution of 1688? Select one: A. The revolution restored the monarchy to its former position after the disastrous era of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate. B. The revolution secured the rights of all Christians, including Catholics, to practice their faith freely in England and Ireland. C. The revolution did not constitute a democratic revolution since sovereignty was placed in the Parliament, which only represented the upper classes. D. The revolution marked the emergence of democratic politics, with the establishment of natural rights and the defense of private property.
C
Which of the following best characterizes the role of Europe in the world trading system prior to the voyage of Columbus? Select one: A. Europe provided the banking and financial services that sustained the world trading system. B. Europe was the major supplier of raw materials, a lucrative role that sustained its involvement in world trade. C. Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations. D. Europe served as the most important market for products because it produced few goods.
C
Who forced the king and the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris? Select one: A. The peasants of the Great Fear. B. The National Assembly. C. Several thousand Parisian women D. The rioters of the Bastille.
C
William Cockerill was: Select one: A. the prime minister of Britain who opposed the Factory Act of 1833 B. the chief financial backer of the first commercial railway in England C. an English carpenter who built cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium D. the leader of the revolt by artisan craftsmen against the instruction of machine technology.
C
in his Historical and Critical Dictionary, Pierre Bayle demonstrated that: Select one: A. papal primacy was fraudulently promoted by the Catholic Church B. the mind and body are united into one substance C. all knowledge can be questioned and doubted D. the entire universe was unified into one coherent system
C
British economist Thomas Malthus argued that: Select one: A. population pressure would always force wages down to subsistence levels B. using young children in factories was immoral C. strict factory rules kept the working class from revolting D. population always grew faster than the food supply.
D
France supported the new Protestant princes of Germany in order to: Select one: A. spread Protestantism B. prevent English influence from increasing in Germany C. contain Protestantism east of the Rhine D. prevent Charles V from increasing his power.
D
Georges Haussmann is remembered for: Select one: A. developing the antiseptic method B. his realistic novels of lower-class life C. enunciation of the positivist philosophy D. rebuilding Paris.
D
How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century? Select one: A. Large-scale population growth made the effects of famine more severe and deadly. B. The strong central governments were able to transport food from one region to another, reducing the effect of famine C. The cold weather reduced the effects of famine, since peasant families traditionally ate less in the winter months. D. Malnutrition made people susceptible to deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly
D
How did the Peace of Westphalia (1648) mark a turning point in European history? Select one: A. The German lands were finally unified under the German emperor. B. Religious toleration was adopted throughout the Holy Roman Empire. C. Backed by its American colonies, Spain was recognized as Europe's most powerful nation. D. Large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.
D
How did the Treaty of Utrecht (1714) resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne? Select one: A. The leader of the Spanish House of Alba was placed on the throne by the nobility upon offering guarantees that he would protect noble rights. B. The monarchy was abolished and Spain declared a republic. C. The German Habsburg Duke of Austria was placed on the throne after the death of his cousin, the Spanish Habsburg Charles II. D. Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united
D
How did the culture of sports change in the late nineteenth century? Select one: A. Sports became private activities between local, rival clubs that resisted commercialization. B. Sports were taken over by elite society who added costs that the poor could not afford. C. Athletic competitions were heavily regulated by state governments, who saw them as sources of disorder. D. Cruel sports such as cockfighting declined, while commercialized spectator sports became popular
D
The National Assembly met in Frankfurt to write a federal constitution, but what event distracted it from the task? Select one: A. Austria declared war on France. B. An economic crisis in France threatened another rebellion. C. Russia threatened to invade the German speaking lands of Eastern Europe. D. Denmark claimed the largely German-speaking provinces of Schleswig and Holstein
D
The Star Chamber was an English institution that, in the sixteenth century: Select one: A. was the English equivalent of the Spanish Inquisition B. a legislature dominated by the great nobles of England C. dealt with the finances of the English government D. operated as a court to deal with noble threats to royal power in England.
D
The direct cause of the Hundred Years' War between England and France was: Select one: A. the French seizure of the port of Calais B. the English execution of Joan of Arc C. King Edward III of England's endorsement of Urban VI as the rightful pope D. King Philip VI of France's seizure of Aquitaine.
D
The key demand of the Chartist movement was that: Select one: A. employers be required to provide basic education for child workers under the age of ten B. Britain permit the import of grain without duties attached in order to keep food prices low C. employers give all employees a "workers' charter" that outlined their rights and responsibilities D. all men be given the right to vote.
D
The scientific revolution drew on all of the following for its origins except: Select one: A. the establishment of universities and their partial practice of free inquiry B. Arabic commentaries on mathematics and studies of nature C. efforts to solve problems of navigation D. efforts to prevent a recurrence of the Black Death.
D
What was Cortés's crucial advantage in his conquest of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire? Select one: A. The Mexica mistakenly believed that Cortés was a god and welcomed him instead. B. Cortés had a large, well-trained Spanish army against the untrained and poorly organized Mexica forces. C. The Mexica were awed by the Spanish technology and simply submitted to Cortés's will. D. Cortés was able to exploit internal dissension within the Mexica empire.
D
Which of the following best describes the political system of Napoleon? Select one: A. Napoleon embraced the idea of liberties proposed by the Revolution. B. Napoleon imposed a harsh military rule under martial law that permitted no expression of dissent. C. Napoleon largely ignored organized political operations, and as a result they became largely irrelevant. D. Napoleon frequently violated civil liberties by censoring newspapers, creating a spy system, and arbitrarily arresting people suspected of subversive activities
D
Why did Catharine the Great of Russia retreat from a general policy of reform in the eighteenth century? Select one: A. The nobility, which never trusted her German origins, plotted against her. B. She determined that Russia was so backward, that reforms would not work anyway. C. She was forced to truncate her reforms in order to manage the war with Prussia. D. Pugachev's rebellion demonstrated that the peasants were clearly dangerous and could not be trusted.
D
