HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE EXAM 2
Deutsche Werkbund Exposition
Cologne, Germany 1914
E-1027 House
Eileen Grey Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France 1929
Wassily Chair
Marcel Breuer 1925
Pre-Fabricated Housing
Marcel Breuer 1942
Frankfurt Kitchen
Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky Frankfurt, Germany 1926 -domestic -functional (materials) -low cost
Teapot
Marianne Brandt 1924
Piamo Tuberculosis Sanatorium
Alvar Aalto Paimio, Finland 1929-1933 -influenced by Walter Gropius's Bauhaus, principles of LeCo, and The Finnish National Romantic Movement -Aalto & his wife crafted all furniture -successful macro-scale (site organization) and micro-scale (patient rooms) design
Influencers of FLW
-19th century domestic architecture -residential buildings by H.H Richardson, Mckim, Mead & White, and more -ideas of Louis Sullivan
Wrightʼs Abstraction of The Traditional House vs. The Cubist Painterʼs Abstraction of The Body.
-both involve the radical restructuring of visual signs (FLW took the traditional house, then dissected it, pulled apart is plan, freed its spaces, and added ambiguity to its appearance - cubist artists do the same w objects) -both use lines as a conveyor of spatial ideas
De Stijl
-neo-plasticism -dutch artistic movement -reacts against early 20th century dutch traditional architecture -pure abstraction and universality by the reduction of essential form and color -practical aesthetic based on science -buildings conceived from objective and technical solutions
Organic Architecture
-promotes harmony between architecture and the natural world -buildings, furnishings, and surroundings unite -materials and ordering principles repeat throughout the building to unite entire building -everything relates to one another -form and function are one -building is a product of site and time, not style -relationship of human scale to nature -interior spaces should flow freely
Charectaristics of The Prairie House
-reduced number of parts within the house to create a unified plan -connected to site by extended horizontal elements (concrete, overhanging eaves, slender brick) -interior and exterior coexist -human proportions are essential to expression of each room -ornament derives from the nature of the materials -geometric and horizontal forms dominate -systems are another component of organic architecture
Idea of The Prairie House
-represents nature -represents the traditions, material culture, and landscape of the Midwest -creates symbolic geometries, internal rules, and formal systems for the house -breaks the eclecticism of the Anglo-American house and pursues the birth of a new style -it is both traditional and avant-garde (modernize the traditional house in plan and construction) -possesses the kind of coherent symbolism that Sullivan had given the skyscraper
Bauhaus Movement
-response to arts and crafts movement (revolt against poor craft resulting from mass production) -wanted to embrace cheaper materials and limited factory process to make great design -form reflects function -unite creativity & manufacturing, unite art & craft
Louis Henri Sullivan
1856-1924 -"father of skyscrapers" -form follows function -organic architecture -inspired FLW
Ornament & Crime
Adolf Loos -written at height of art noveau movement -critizes ornament in art - he wanted "smooth and precious surfaces" -ornamentation can cause objects to go out of style and thus become obsolete -fundamental to the bauhaus and modernism of architecture
Glass Pavillon
Bruno Taut Werkbund Exposition - Cologne, Germany 1914
Dormitory Room
Charlotte Perriand & Le Corbusier Maison du Bresil, Paris 1956-59
Charnley House
Frank Lloyd Wright Chicago, Illinois 1891 -influenced by and collaborated with Louis Sullivan
The Robie House
Frank Lloyd Wright Chicago, Illinois 1907-1909
Willits House
Frank Lloyd Wright Highland Park, Illinois 1901-1903
Falling Water
Frank Lloyd Wright Mill Run, Pennsylvania 1936
The Wright House & Studio
Frank Lloyd Wright Oak Park, Illinois 1889-1911
Laura Gale House
Frank Lloyd Wright Oak Park, Illinois 1909 -stucco & wood
Coonley House
Frank Lloyd Wright Riverside, Illinois 1907
Schroder House
Gerrit Reitveld Utrecht, Netherlands 1924 -demonstrates de stijl -functional and economical -antidecorative -anticubic -flexible plan -intersecting planes
Red Blue Chair
Gerrit Reitveld 1917
Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane
H.H Richardson Buffalo, New York 1870-1890 -landscape by Frederick Law Olmsted & Calvert Vaux
Friedrichstadt District Project
Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer Berlin, Germany 1928
House 18
Ludwig Karl Hilberseimer Weissenhof, Stuttgart, Germany 1927
Zonnestraal Sanatorium
Jan Duiker & Bernard Bijvoet Hilversum, Netherlands 1926-1931 -Nieuwe Bouwen (new building) movement in the Netherlands
Hommage to a Square
Josef Albers 1962
Stoclet House
Josef Hoffman Brussels, Belgium 1905 -influenced by Otto Wagner & Vienna Secession
Purkersdorf Sanatorium
Josef Hoffman Purserdorf, Austria 1904-1905
Maison Du Bresil
Le Corbusier 1959 Paris, France
Houses 14 & 15
Le Corbusier & Pierre Jeanneret Weissenhof, Stuttgart, Germany 1927
The De Stijl Journal
Leiden 1917-1923
The Velvet & Silk Cafe
Lily Reich & Mies Van Der Rohe Berlin, Germany 1927
Houses 1-4
Mies Van Der Rohe Weissenhof, Stuttgart, Germany 1927
Weissenhof Seidlung
Mies Van Der Rohe, Ludwig Hilberseimer & Le Corbusier Stuttgart, Germany 1927 -homes 1-4, Mies -homes 13-15, LeCo -house 18, Ludwig
Phillip Johnson Apartment
Mies Van der Rohe & Lily Reich New York, NY 1931
Les Desmoiselles D'Avignon
Pablo Picasso 1907 -synthetic cubism
Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue
Piet Mondrian 1921
Composition with Oval
Piet Mondrian 1914
Composition in Black, Grey, Yellow, and Blue
Piet Mondrian 1921
Steel House
Richard Paulick & Georg Muche Dessau, Germany 1926-1927
Henny House
Robert Van't Hoff Villa at Huis-ter-Heide Utrecht, Netherlands 1916 -influenced by wright -reinforced concrete -overhanging flat roofs -linear horizontal lines
Maison Particuliere
Theo Van Doesburg 1923 -"Private House" -no ornament -no hierarchy -de stijl
Cafe L'Aubrette
Van Doesburg Strasbourg, France 1927-1928
Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
Walter Benjamin -quality of artwork is devalued by reproduction -reproductions lack original time, space, and cultural context
Program of the Saatiliches Bauhaus in Weimar
Walter Gropius -describes the aims, principles, instruction, and admission of the Bauhaus
Bauhaus Building
Walter Gropius Dessau, Germany 1926 -first compelling masterpiece of the modern movement -unrivaled in size and quality until 1930
Masters' Houses
Walter Gropius Dessau, Germany 1926 -three idenical houses for Bauhaus masters
Torten Housing Estate
Walter Gropius Dessau, Germany 1926-1928
Dammerstock Housing
Walter Gropius Karlsruhe, Germany 1929-1931
Bauhaus School
Walter Gropius Weimar - Dessau - Berlin 1919-1933 -German school combining all arts - wanted to provide a new, affordable and simple design that could be used by every kind of person and in every area
Model Factory
Walter Gropius Werkbund Exposition - Cologne, Germany 1914
Hilversum Town Hall
Willem Marinus Dudok Hilversum, Netherlands 1924-1931
