Moving materials into and out of a cell
concentration
"how much of something do you have" or "how un/crowded something is
ATP
(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
Two main types of transport (movement) across a cell membrane:
Active and Passive Transport
In Endocytosis (active transport), an opened membrane gets large molecules forced ____ the cell
INTO -"En-" = "In"
Active transport is required if:
LARGE molecules need the cell to open their membrane
In Exocytosis (active transport), an opened membrane gets large molecules forced ______ of the cell
OUT - "Ex" - "Past" (like used and no longer needed lol)
Does active transport require energy?
Yes, ATP
Osmosis: If particles are floating in a small (patch) amount of water, they're:
crowded/high concentration
passive transport takes place when molecules are trying to achieve _______ on each side of the membrane
equilibrium
If molecules are small (like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water), they can _____ go in and out the cell
freely
Diffusion (passive transport) happens when tiny solute molecules move from a place with a ______ concentration to a ______ concentration until there's equal amounts of particles equally spread out
higher, lower
If the outside solution is more than the inside solution, the outside solution is considered to be _____ while the inside solution is called ____
hypertonic, hypotonic
If the outside concentration equals the inside, the solution is:
isotonic
Osmosis (passive transport) occurs when solute/particles are too _____ to move across a semi-permeable membrane
large
In Osmosis, water moves from the ____ concentration to the _____ concentration as a means of equalizing the ______ concentration on both sides
low, high, solute
Semi-permeable
membranes that allow some substances through but not others -like a screen door that prevents flies from entering
Does passive transport require energy?
no energy required
Osmosis: If particles are far placed, they're:
not crowded/low concentration
facilitated diffusion
provides channels to easily slide through -no ATP required (nice)
Protein ____ use ATP to power pumps in membrane to push stuff in/out of the cell
pumps
solvent
the substance in which the solute dissolves (usually water)
solute
the substance that is dissolved
In a Isotonic Situation (outside = inside):
water moves freely inside/outside and cell size stays same
In a Hypotonic Situation (outside < inside):
water moves into cell and cell swells (gets larger)
In the Hypertonic Situation (outside > inside):
water moves out of cytoplasm and cell shrinks (gets smaller)