Moving materials into and out of a cell

concentration

"how much of something do you have" or "how un/crowded something is

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Two main types of transport (movement) across a cell membrane:

Active and Passive Transport

In Endocytosis (active transport), an opened membrane gets large molecules forced ____ the cell

INTO -"En-" = "In"

Active transport is required if:

LARGE molecules need the cell to open their membrane

In Exocytosis (active transport), an opened membrane gets large molecules forced ______ of the cell

OUT - "Ex" - "Past" (like used and no longer needed lol)

Does active transport require energy?

Yes, ATP

Osmosis: If particles are floating in a small (patch) amount of water, they're:

crowded/high concentration

passive transport takes place when molecules are trying to achieve _______ on each side of the membrane

equilibrium

If molecules are small (like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water), they can _____ go in and out the cell

freely

Diffusion (passive transport) happens when tiny solute molecules move from a place with a ______ concentration to a ______ concentration until there's equal amounts of particles equally spread out

higher, lower

If the outside solution is more than the inside solution, the outside solution is considered to be _____ while the inside solution is called ____

hypertonic, hypotonic

If the outside concentration equals the inside, the solution is:

isotonic

Osmosis (passive transport) occurs when solute/particles are too _____ to move across a semi-permeable membrane

large

In Osmosis, water moves from the ____ concentration to the _____ concentration as a means of equalizing the ______ concentration on both sides

low, high, solute

Semi-permeable

membranes that allow some substances through but not others -like a screen door that prevents flies from entering

Does passive transport require energy?

no energy required

Osmosis: If particles are far placed, they're:

not crowded/low concentration

facilitated diffusion

provides channels to easily slide through -no ATP required (nice)

Protein ____ use ATP to power pumps in membrane to push stuff in/out of the cell

pumps

solvent

the substance in which the solute dissolves (usually water)

solute

the substance that is dissolved

In a Isotonic Situation (outside = inside):

water moves freely inside/outside and cell size stays same

In a Hypotonic Situation (outside < inside):

water moves into cell and cell swells (gets larger)

In the Hypertonic Situation (outside > inside):

water moves out of cytoplasm and cell shrinks (gets smaller)