History of California
By 1550 there were about ____ different Native American tribes in California
100
In what year did the first organized company of American settlers, the Bidwell-Bartleson party, arrive in California
1841
The Mexican-American War began in _____ and ended in _____.
1846; 1848
California historians began producing the first local and state histories in the (unit 1)
1870s
According to your textbook, in 1550 there were about _____ Native Americans in California
300,000 to 1,000,000
California farmers use about ____ percent of California's water supply
80%
Spain's renewed interest in California in the 1580s was fueled by
A need for a port for Manilia galleons
This was the most important plant food source for most foothill tribelets
Acorns
Native women were MOST prominent in the production of this type of art:
Basket Weaving
In histories aimed towards non-academic audiences, California has been MOST commonly portrayed as a(n)
Benevolent land of opportunity
How were the structures of justice determined in the early years of the mining camps?
By the miners themselves
According to the textbook
California is a unique paradise unrivaled anywhere in the world (best guess)
Spain's empire in the Western Hemisphere included all of the following, EXCEPT
Canada
Cabrillo found this part of California beautiful and alluring:
Channel Islands
Cabrillo and his men were particularly impressed by the seafaring skills and affluence of this time
Chumash
By 1550, the California Native American population density was highest in
Coastal area
Why did American emigrants to 1840s Mexican California have such an easy time settling there?
Corrupt local officials had the power to grant passports
Transactions between American hide-and-tallow ships and California locals used this as currency:
Cow hides
Which of the following did NOT occur in the millennium prior to European colonization?
Decrease importance of kinship and lineage
Regarding food practices by Native Californians, it is true that
Different tribelets adapted their food gathering practices to the regions they inhabited
Which American residents were MOST likely to head to the California gold fields by sea
East Coast residents
Native American s arrived in North America from
Eastern Asia
Of the following centuries, which had the MOST severe drought
Eighteenth century (best guess)
Which of the following was NOT a port involved in the hide-and-tallow of Mexican California?
Eureka
At the end of the seven year's war, this country emerged as the biggest threat to Spanish interest in the Americas:
Great Britain
In the California of 400 years ago, ________ were at the top of the food chain
Grizzlies
Why did Sam Brannan break the news in San Francisco of the discovery gold on the American River?
He wanted to sell merchandise to gold miners
What was Cermeño's reward for returning to Mexico with valuable charts of the California coast?
He was investigated for unprofessional conduct
Which of the following regions has the highest temperatures in summer?
Interior of Southern California
Which of the following statements about the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is NOT true?
It has a reliable supply of freshwater
Which of the following statements about the Pacific High is NOT true?
It typically move south in late spring/early summer
Who took command of the Bear Flag Revolt on July 5, 1846?
John C. Frémont
Much of California has a(n) __________ climate
Mediterranean
Which group was at the bottom of the class hierarchy of Mexican California?
Mestizos Rancheros (best guess)
In July of 1769, Portolá headed north in search of
Monterey
Based on recent scholarship discussed in the text, which of the following of these statements is the BEST answer?
Native Californians at times had substantial negative impacts on their natural environments (best guess)
Which of the following regions has the highest average annual precipitation?
Northwestern California
In 1845, the Mexican government thought the _____ River should be the dividing line between Mexico and Texas
Nueces
Which type of mining was LEAST damaging to the environment?
Panning
Who was the governor of California during the Bear Flag Revolt?
Pio Pico (best guess)
Of the following groups, which was the lowest on the class hierarchy of Mexican California
Pobladores
How far north did Vizcaíno travel
Point conception
Which of the following did NOT occur as the last ice age ended?
Precipitation increased
This had the GREATEST impact on finally convincing Americans in the East that there truly was a major gold find in California:
President Polk's announcement in his annual address to Congress
Which of the following groups benefitted MOST from desecularization?
Rancheros
Which of the following Spanish-English word pairs is INCORRECT?
Rancho: marketplace
Fort Ross was established by
Russia
Vallejo created the towns of Petaluma and Santa Rosa primarily to thwart efforts in California by this country
Russia
Which two rivers dominate the Central Valley
Sacramento River; San Joaquin River
In 1769, the Spanish sent coloring parties from Baja California to
San Diego
Spaniards first set foot in what is now modern-day California near
San Diego (best guess)
Drake's Nova Albion settlement was likely located at or near present-day
San Francisco
Which two factors did the most to thwart Spanish explorations of California by sea?
Scurvy and bad weather
Of the following, which BEST captures Dame Shirley's attitudes toward California Indians?
She thought they were inferior to whites (best guess)
The earliest indigenous peoples in California primarily relied upon ______ for food
Shell fish (best guess)
In which geomorphic provinces were glaciers MOST common?
Sierra Nevada
Initial Spanish forays into California were spearheaded by
Soliders (best guess)
The initial action of the Bear Flag Revolt was the seizure of Colonel Vallejo's compound in
Sonoma
Which of the following types of young people were most likely to get an education in Mexican California?
Sons of rancheros
California was named by people from
Spain
Upon first encountering Europeans, California Indians typically reacted with
Suspicion (best guess)
By 1845 the Mexican government was MOST wary of American actions in
Texas
Until recent times, the popular tradition of California history focused MOST on
The actions of powerful white males
Who was the American consul in California in 1846
Thomas O. Larkin
The Sacramento River is fed by streams from all of the falling geomorphic provinces, EXCEPT the
Transverse Ranges
Which two countries dominated the shipping of hides and tallow from California?
United States and Great Britain
In California, prevailing winds come from the
West
Cultural innovation among Native Californian tribes was accomplished primarily by
Women
The earliest California miners were MOST likely to use
a long tom (best guess)
Sutter's Fort was located
at the confluence of the Sacramento and American Rivers
California's first historians sought to
boost economic development in the state
The rich and elaborate life of the ranchero depended MOST upon
cheap Indian labor
From 1848 to 1860, the average daily income for white miners
decreased dramatically
The main purpose of the Foreign Miner' Tax Law of 1850 was to
drive "foreigners" away from gold mining areas
Approximately when did the last ice age end
fifteen to twenty thousand years ago
The California current
flows from north to south, along California coast
Scholarship of recent decades indicates that California's Indians
had complex societies that were able to adapt to changing conditions
Drake's landing in California
had little lasting impact on California Natives
Agriculture by Native Californians was predominantly practiced
in Southern California (best guess)
Spanish and Mexican land grants were most heavily concentrated
in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada
Controlled burns by Indians accomplished all of the following, EXCEPT
increased chaparral
A tribelet chief typically gained his position through
inheritance- being the son to relative of the previous chief
All of the following is true of inter-tribal trade, EXCEPT
it increased the likelihood of warfare between tribelets
In his description of Monterey Day, Vizcaíno
lied in hopes of saving his career
Under Figueroa's plan for secularizing the mission, mission lands properties were to be given to
neophytes
The Mother Lode was located
on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada
The religion of Native Californians was MOST focused on
respect for nature
Sailors from Cabrillo's voyage told Spanish authorities that California was
rugged and difficult to access
After his capture in the Bear Flag Revolt, Colonel Vallejo was
sent to Sutter's Fort as a prisoner
In 1850, the greatest number of people arriving in California came via
the Cape Horn sea route (best guess)
Most gold mining in California took place in
the Sierra Nevada
Creation of petroglyphs and pictographs was done primarily by Indians in
the Southernmost portion of California
Mexican California's economy depended primarily upon
the hide-and-tallow trade
To the Spaniards, the Strait of Anián was
the mythical Northwest passage
Which of the following was NOT a typical characteristic of the early gold miners in California
unskilled in any craft or profession
James K. Polk
was a strong supporter of Manifest Destiny
Cabrillo
was prevented from returning to Mexico by strong southernly winds (best guess)
Most hide-and-tallow traders who moved to California
were assimilated into the local elite
According to Dame Shirley, most miners
were easily drawn away to other, potentially better, mining areas
Monterey and Los Angeles grew rapidly after 1822 primarily because they
were important centers of the hide-and-tallow trade