History of Costume Exam 2

How might a man of modest means in the 18th century acquire his clothing?

All of the above (Purchase used clothing, join a "breeches club", save enough money over a period of several years

The chemise a la reine was a white muslin gown that resembled the ____

Chemise undergarment

Which of the following were called brakes in the Medieval period?

Drawers

Sleeves on 18th century gowns ended below the elbow with one or more ruffles called:

Engageants

Ribbons used to decorate the fronts of bodices were called:

Eschelles

Cotton was the fabric most used by poor people during the Middle Ages

False

For the entire 18th century, children were dressed as miniature adults. There was no difference between adult and children's styles

False

Only men of the Byzantine Empire were permitted to wear the paludamentum

False

The custom of wearing black as a sign of mourning was NOT yet established in the Medieval period

False

Various authors define the cotehardie in different ways, however they all agree that it was worn only by the clergy

False

What was the name in France for the elaborate style of headdress known as a commode in England

Fontange

"A la Hedgehog" was a type of:

Hairstyle

The word "chopines" means:

High, platform-soled shoes

If a young Englishman of the 18th century referred to his uncle as "square toes," he would mean that:

His uncle was old fashioned

The 15th century jacket was worn with:

Hose

The lower prices and increases in availability of cotton fabrics in the 1800s were a result of:

Improvements in the technology for spinning cotton yarns

The development of long, pointed-toed shoes in the 12th century was:

Influenced by a local count wanted to hide his bunions

Spain became a major influence in both politics and fashions in the 16th century because:

It gained enormous wealth as a result of Columbus' voyage to the New World

One of the most important elements of Byzantine costume was:

Jewelry

Which garment is called a conch?

Sheer, gauze-like veils worn cape-like over the shoulders with a high, standing collar behind the head

The development of the fashion for wide, stiff neck ruffs came about , in part, because:

Skills for making lace developed rapidly during the 16th century

In which country did members of the royal family continue to wear a farthingale-like garment well into the 17th century even though the style had been abandoned in the rest of Europe?

Spain

Methods of communicating fashion information to consumers of the 18th century included:

All of the above (Engraved drawings of fashions, fashion dolls dressed in the latest styles, advertisements from firms selling fashion items)

Which of the following styles are thought to have been derived from Middle Eastern styles?

A and B (The manteau, the vest)

As all classes of society wore clothing cut in similar ways in the 10th and 11th centuries, class distinctions were evident in:

A and B (Tunic length, tunic decoration)

The word camicia in Italian refers to:

A and B only (A man's shirt, a woman's chemise)

Which of the following would have been working class clothing during the 18th century?

A and B only (Short gowns, smocks)

Italian influences in styles were brought to France by:

A and C (Catherine de Medici, and Italian who married a French king)

Which of the following are considered underwear?

A and C only (Chemise, Braies)

Italian styles for men in the 16th century were very much influenced by:

A and C only (French styles, Spanish styles)

Evidence of influence of Italian trade with the East during the Renaissance is to be seen in

A and C only (The popularity of turban-like headdresses for Italian women, the designs in some woven Italian textiles)

A ferrionniere was:

A chain of metal or pearls worn across the forehead with a jeweled decoration located at the center of the forehead

What was a chaperon with a liripipe?

A hood with a long narrow tube of fabric at the back that was attached to a short cape

Among the distinctive characteristics of the dress of Venetian women reported by foreign visitors in 16th century were:

All of the above (A preference for bleached, blonde hair, high, platform soled shoes that affected their balance when walking, hair arranged in the shape of two horns at the forehead)

The long, narrow, heavily jeweled scarf worn by the Byzantine Emperor was:

All of the above (Called a lorum, called a pallium, probably derived from the toga with the folded bands)

The pourpoint:

All of the above (Originated as military dress, had a padded front and attached to hose with strings, was made either with or without sleeves)

Examples of Asian and nMiddle Eastern influences on styles in costume during the 18th century would include:

All of the above (Some of the prints and designs in textiles, men's dressing gown styles, mantua-style gowns for women)

Among the developments of the Renaissance that continue in use in present-day life include:

All of the above (The plays of William Shakespeare, patterns and styles in textile fabrics, styles in furniture)

Among the influences on Medieval European life and costume that resulted from the Crusades were:

All of the above (Use of new types of fabric, use of new foods, Byzantine court influences on European styles)

The use of sections of different colored fabrics in one garment:

All of the above (Was called mi-parti, was called part-color, was often used in special uniforms for servants of important families)

When the song "Yankee Doodle Dandy" used the term "macaroni" it was making reference to:

American attempts to be fashionable

A skirted extension of men's jackets, either attached or a separate garment are:

Bases

The material used for stuffing trunk hose and doublets to achieve a fashionable silhouette in the 16th century was called, in England:

Bombast

During the 17th century in costume for men, the trunk hose worn over the lower part of the body were replaced by a garment called:

Breeches

Which of the following describes the styles in men's clothing that predominated in the first half of the 18th century?

Breeches cut full through the seat, full-skirted outer coats, waistcoats that were almost as long as the outer coat

A pad worn around the waist to hold out wide skirts is called a:

Bum roll

Tailoring skills were refined during the 14th century once the making of _____ was mastered.

Buttoned closures

The first European production not silk fiber was carried out by the:

Byzantines

The mistress of King Louis XV of France who was influential not only in politics, but especially in the fine and decorative arts was:

Madame Pompadour

A houppelande and a cotehardie are outer garments worn by:

Men or women

_____ are backless slippers which were popular in the 18th century

Mules

An overdress that was looped and puffed out is called a

Polonaise

A style of wearing the cravat that was named after a battle is:

Steinkirk

The style that developed in the last half of the 18th century and was influenced at least in part by the excavations of the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum was called:

The Neoclassic style

The availability and interest in cotton fabrics that grew rapidly in Europe and America in the 17th and 18th centuries was a result of:

The expansion of trade with India

By the 18th century, the practice of having male tailors make men's suits and coats and women make dresses for women was well established

True

During the 14th and 15th centuries styles for men and women began to change much more rapidly than had been the case in earlier centuries

True

Fashion was especially important at the court of Louis XIV of France because the king wanted to keep his courtiers occupied with fashion and etiquette so that they would have neither the time nor the money to plot against them

True

In order to allow the arm to move easily when jacket sleeves of the Italian Renaissance were cut very tightly, tailors left seams open and the white of the shirt underneath was visible

True

Intermarriage among members of royal families from different parts of Europe helped to spread fashions from one region to another

True

It was in the textile industry that the first effects of the Industrial Revolution were felt

True

Round gowns closed all the way down the front (of the skirt)

True

The Puritans who settled in Massachusetts in the 1600s wore restrained and simple styles, but did not wear clothing that was radically different in other respects from the clothing of other English people of their time

True

The costume of students of the Middle Ages served as the basis for modern academic gowns

True

The custom of buttoning men's coats from the left over the right probably originated from the construction of medieval plate armor

True

Which of the following were NOT devices used in the 17th century in attempts to have a well-groomed appearance

Tweezers to pluck out hair around the forehead to have a fashionably high forehead

How were married and older women distinguished from unmarried younger women in the Middle Ages?

Unmarried women wore their hair loose and uncovered

The slashed decorations with contrasting fabric linings underneath are supposed to have originated

With the Swiss Army

By 1500, the _____ had become very obvious feature of men's clothing.

codpiece