History of Modern Art Exam 1

Bauhaus

A German interdisciplinary school of fine and applied arts that brought together many leading modern architects, designers, and theatrical innovators.

Papier Colle

A collage composed of pieces of variously colored paper glued to a ground (board, canvas, paper, etc.)

Collage

A composition made by gluing pieces of paper, cloth, etc. on a canvas, paper, board, etc.

Pointillism

A method for applying paint in small dabs of pure color, which create optical mixtures in the eye when seen from several feet away. Seurat

New Objectivity

A reaction in art against Romantic idealism and extreme emotional expression Beckmann

Representational Art

Any work of art that seeks to resemble the world of natural appearance.

Pablo Picasso

Cubism

Man Ray

Dada

Marc Chagall

Drew upon childhood memories in rural Russia, as well as upon his awareness of avant-garde French painting (chiefly the Fauvist use of color). Cubism

Emil Nolde

Expressionism

Henri Matisse

Expressionism

Oskar Kokoschka

Expressionism

Constantin Brancusi

Futurism

Rayogram

Man Ray made these without a camera by placing objects-such as the thumbtacks, coil of wire, and other circular forms used here-directly on a sheet of photosensitized paper and exposing it to light.

Marcel Breuer

Model 3b chair, Tubular steel, Bauhaus

Robert Delaunay

Orphism

En Pein Air

Painting outdoors, rather than in the studio, in order to capture natural and differences of light. Impressionists did this.

Gustav Klimt

Symbolism

Odilon Redon

Symbolism

Edvard Munch

The Scream expresses anxiety Expressionism

Der Balue Reiter

The blue rider, group of artists united in rejection, founded by kandinsky and marc Kandinsky, Marc, Klee

Constructivism

The rejection of autonomous art, to construct art Rodchenko, Tatlin

Henri Rousseau

Works were studied by a younger generation who were interested in Romanticism Primitivism

Kinetic

art from any medium that contains movement perceivable by the viewer or depends on motion for its effect. This is attained by electronic or mechanical means.

George Seurat

artist credited with creating pointillism in art Pointillism

Edgar Degas

artist known for depicting dancers in his art Impressionism

Jean Arp

chance determined the forms of the collages Dada

Franz Marc

created abstracted works about animals in an expressionistic and abstracted portrayal

Non-Objective art

defines a type of abstract art that is usually, but not always, geometric and aims to convey a sense of simplicity and purity. It and was inspired by the Greek philosopher Plato who believed that geometry was the highest form of beauty. No relationship to any illusion in the real world.

Orphism

dynamic expanses of rhythmic form and chromatic scales rather than the monochromatic, gave priority to light and color, lyrical Delaunay

Metaphysical

early twentieth century Italian art movement typified by dream-like views of eerie arcaded squares with unexpected juxtapositions of objects. Example: Giorgio de Chirico

Monochromatic

exploration of one color, the examination of different values changing across a surface (painting/drawing)

Synthetic Cubism

later phase of cubism, generally considered to run from about 1912 to 1914, characterized by simpler shapes and brighter colors Picasso

Marcel Duchamp

nude descending a staircase introduced movement in space into cubism, large glass completed when it cracked in transit Dada

Facets

one side of something many-sided. For example: Picasso's Cubism

Futurism

originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane, and the industrial city. Boccioni, etc

Woodcut

printmaking technique consisting of a block of wood with a design cut into it. Example: Emil Nolde

Disorienting Diagonals

purposeful placement of accented or enhanced diagonal lines in painting or photography (or cinema) in order to create a sense of unease and discomfort in the viewer for expressive purposes. Example: Edvard Munch's "The Scream"

Analytic Cubism

refers to works in which the subject is: analyzed, broken down, and reconstructed as a series of lines and planes so that the subject depicted becomes abstract Picasso

Photomontage

the process and the result of making a composite photograph by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image. Sometimes the resulting composite image is photographed so that a final image may appear as a seamless photographic print

Symbolism

the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities Klimt, Redon, Munch, Picasso, etc.

Max Beckmann

utilization of the triptych format evokes church altar pieces New Objectivity

Assemblage

work produced by the incorporation of everyday objects into the composition. Although each non-art object, such as a piece of rope or newspaper, acquires aesthetic or symbolic meanings within the context of the whole work, it may retain something of its original identity. Example: Marcel Duchamp