History of Rock Music Test #3

"Good Vibrations"

-Brian Wilson -More studio time than any pop song at the time -theremin-like sound created by the tannerin

"The Sunshine of your Love"

-Eric Clapton -anthem of the Flower Power movement -war drum beat=incongruous

The Jam

-In the City released in 1977 by Polydor -Drew influence from The Who and The Kinks, also a bit of Mod sartorial style -hard driving rhythm plus pop hooks -The is the Modern World came out later in 1977 -"Start" was a number 1 UK single in 1980, with a bass guitar evoking "Taxman" and guitar the offbeat accents of "She's a Woman"

The Dark Side of the Moon

-Pink Floyd -grew out of a cycle of songs called "Eclipse" -novel electronic effects (heartbeat, cash register sounds, odd meters) -"Speak to Me" -"Breathe" -"On the Run" -"Money"

The Rolling Stones

-Released Their Satanic Majesties Request as response to Sgt. Pepper -musical signs of psychedelia: unusual instrument sounds, tempo/meter shifts, unusual form -"The Citadel" effect of a hammer striking anvil -contrasting verse-chorus

Maureen Tucker

-Velvet Underground -One of first female rock musicians to play drums

John Cale

-Velvet Underground violist -leaves VU in 1968, replaces by Doug Yule -subsequent records were more pop-oriented but didn't sell well

"I'm Waiting for the Man"

-by Velvet Underground -Dylanesque in its delivery of a narrative about a white man strung out on heroin venturing into Harlem to find a fix

The Grateful Dead

-exemplified iconoclastic individualism -"Uncle John's Band" and "Casey Jones" evoke images of the American scene- 1. country fiddler as Pied Piper 2. a train

New Wave

-makeover of punk by the music industry -punk=angry, aggressive, raw, loud, fast -New Wave=artsy, reflective, ironic -Talking Heads "Psycho Killer" (1977) -Blondie "Heart of Glass" (1978) -Devo "Whip It" reworking of "I Can't Get No Satisfaction" (1978) -Cars "My Best Friend's Girl" (1978)

CBGB & OMFUG

- Country, Bluegrass, Blues, and Other Music For Uplifting Gormandizers - a converted folk music club located in the run-down Bowery area of Manhattan run by Hilly Kristal -The home of NY's burgeoning punk movement -first rock musician to perform regularly at CBGB's was Patti Smith

The Band

-"Honorary Americans" -their style is down home and rural, displaying a mixture of country, blues, soul, and white gospel -biblical references in lyrics, religious tone -rock rhythm slowed down->16-beat layer appears -"The Weight" -"Chest Fever" -Woodstock: represented zenith of the Flower Power movement, occuring a bit more than 2 years after the Monterey Pop Festival

Jimi Hendrix Songs

-"Red House" -"Purple Haze" -"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)"

The Golden Age of Punk Rock

-"back to basics" rebellion against the perceived artifice and pretension of corporate rock music -lasted from around 1975 to 1978

Drugs, Rock, and The Censors

-1970 Richard Nixon enters the fray in fighting drugs -Spiro Agnew promotes notion for rock as a brainwashing tool to encourage youth to take drugs -1971 FCC issues policy statement, threatens termination of broadcast license if a station knowingly played rock songs with drug-related lyrics

Deep Purple

-1972 album Machine Head -"Smoke on the Water" (16 beat time-keeping on the cymbal) -"Highway Star" (figuration that he inserts is drawn from Baroque composers such as Back and Vivaldi, classical music elements that set precedent for what was to become a trademark feature of metal (virtuosic playing both by lead guitarist and ensemble as a whole)

Tommy (1969)

-1st rock opera but not really opera -no synthesizers, strings or other classical music features, with the exception of some sparing use of timpani drums and french horn -tracks range in length from 12 seconds ("Miracle Cure") to over 10 minutes ("Underture") -begins with the Overture -excerpts from the Acid Queen then the Underture, Pinball Wizard, and the Shortest Song

Rock as Spectacle

-Alice Cooper amplified the dramatic content of earlier groups like The Doors, creating stage sets that rivaled those of a Broadway musical (sometimes referred to as shock rock) -KISS took inspiration from comic books to create their unique look that compares well with that of Japanese kabuki theater

Dylan and the Band

-Band started as a backup group called The Hawks, working with rockabilly singer Ronnie Hawkins in late 1950s -Met Dylan through folk blues guitarist John Hammond Jr.

Abbey Road

-Beatles sign out with medley culminating in "The End"

Jethro Tull

-Began as blues and jazz band -The leader of group, Ian Anderson (flutist, vocalist) originally played with a blues revival band in Blackpool, England called the John Evan Band -When the John Evan Band broke up, Anderson went on to form Jethro Tull -Stand Up (1969) was their first rock album -Anderson uses flutter tonguing and sings into the flute, techniques used by avant-garde classical instrumentalists and composers -Used tricky rhythms in their music, like in "Living in the Past" (3-3-2-2)

"Sweet Leaf"

-Black Sabbath -from Master of Reality album -up tempo instrumental section at 2:35, shifts keys abruptly

Early Metal

-Black Sabbath (first band to lay out whole package that has become associated with metal) -produced 5 platinum albums in a row within 4 years, peaking with Master of Reality (1971)

Heavy metal in the 1980s

-Bon Jovi ("Livin on a Prayer," 1986) -Guns n' Roses (Appetite for Destruction, 1987) -Hair Bands (glam-influenced use of clothing, makeup): Poison ("Every Rose Has its Thorn")

San Francisco Bands

-Country Joe and the Fish -"Not so Sweet Martha Lorraine" -"Section 43" -"Feels Like I'm Fixing to Die"

"Up Around the Bend"

-Creedence Clearwater Revival -dominated by white country elements -opening riff outlines notes of the chords -vocal line=confined to the Anglo-American major pentatonic scale

David Bowie, Glam Rock, and Ziggy Stardust

-David Bowie created the character of Ziggy Stardust, an alien who visits Earth and becomes a rock superstar -The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars (1972) (Concept album centered on Ziggy Stardust) -^ concert tour was an elaborate theatrical presentation with special effects and costumes

Progenitors of Heavy Metal

-Deep Purple (bridge between psychedelia and heavy metal) -Black Sabbath (blues based with gothic touches, provided foundation for later heavy metal)

The End of Flower Power

-Democratic National Convention (Chicago 1968) -Nixon elected (November 1968) -Rolling Stones at Altamont (December 6, 1969) -National Guar fires on students at Kent State (May 1970) -Beatles breakup becomes public (April 1970)

"White Room"

-Eric Clapton -displays his expertise with the wah wah pedal -quintal meter in intro and beginning of outro

"Crossroads"

-Eric Clapton -originally a Robert Johnson song -compared to Hendrix's guitar solos but Clapton's=more under control -exemplifies extended improvisations that Clapton developed in live performances

"Stange Brew"

-Eric Clapton -refrain-frame on 12-bar blues structure -constructed with radio airplay in mind -verse=8 bars, refrain=4 bars

Blues-Based British Rock

-Extension of Britain's earlier interest in American blues (Rolling Stones, Yardbirds, Cream) -Led Zeppelin

"Who Needs the Peace Corps?"

-Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention -deflates idea of hippie seeking truth and love in Haight Ashbury in SF

"Nasal Retentive Calliope Music"

-Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention -instrumental overture -introduces series of songs about people with strange personal habits (Zappa's friends)

"What's the Ugliest Part of Your Body?"

-Frank Zappa and the Mothers of Invention -strikes at heart of the hippie movement -shits on idea of mind expansion

Gypsy Sun and Rainbows

-Hendrix reformulated his band as Gypsy Sun and Rainbows -Woodstock, Aug 1969 -included his version of National Anthem -psychedelic transformation of a politically sacred symbol brought scorn at Hendrix

Hardcore Bands from Minnesotta

-Hüsker Dü: viewed as abridge from hardcore to alternative "Obnoxious" -The Replacements "Color Me Impressed" -Fugazi "Great Cop"

Cream

-Jack Bruce on bass, Ginger Baker on drums, and Eric Clapton on guitar=first power trio of rock -"Crossroads" -"Strange Brew" -"The Sunshine of your Love"

Stand Up (1969)

-Jethro Tull first rock album -displays connections to both jazz and classical music -one track is a version of the "Bouree" from the Suit in E Minor for lute by German composer Bach

The Doors

-Jim Morrison (vocalist), Ray Manzarek (keyboard), Robby Krieger (guitar) -"Break On Through" -"Crystal Ship" -"End of the Night" -"The End" -"Light My Fire"=first hit record -as FM radio concentrated more on album-oriented rock geared towards college-aged young adults, AM radio emphasized single-oriented pop -later albums continued in the same vein, mixing experimental ventures with blues and commercial pop songs -"Horse Latitudes" on Strange Days -"Spanish Caravan" on Waiting for the Sun -"Roadhouse Blues" on Morrison Hotel

"Purple Haze"

-Jimi Hendrix -3 different introductory elements 1. tritone between guitar and bass 2. series of 8 phrases 3. grooved guitar figure on 3 chords

"Red House"

-Jimi Hendrix -number Hendrix fell back on in his live shows whenever he needed to find his base -12 bar blues -guitar overpowers his voice

Synthesia: Sight and Sound

-LSD-25 effects -music and color association arose within this context: development of light shows

"Stairway to Heaven)

-Led Zeppelin -begins with a modal, folksong-like melody -electric instruments enter at about 2:15 -the drums enter at 4:20, bringing it fully into rock genre -from 5:55, you get Page's guitar solo in the Af-Amer pentatonic scale -6:40-Plant screeching in a heavy metal voice

Heavy Metal=vilified from both sides

-Left: those sympathetic to the feminist cause reject its over glorification of male dominance and its rejection of the peace and love ideology of flower power in 1960s

London Psychedelic Scene

-London bookstore owner Barry Miles and Beat poet Allen Ginsburg organize "Poets of the World/Poets of Our Time" -Drugs, Eastern Philosophy, radical politics, and experimental music drew young people together -Underground clubs in "Swinging London" (UFO club) -"The 14 Hour Technicolor Dream"-10,000 hippies in attendance -Underground bands included Pink Floyd, Soft Machine, The Crazy World of Arthur Brown

Punk's precedents and influences

-MC5, with its aggressive, hi-powered approach -Iggy Pop and the Stooges, with the intent to offend -Velvet Underground: Maureen Tucker, used trash can lids as cymbals, true to the style of the dada artists -New York Dolls -The Modern Lovers

Garage Bands

-Many only had 1 hit -Important influence on later punk movement -proliferation of amateur bands in the wake of the Beatles

Hardcore Bands from DC

-Minor Threat "Straight Edge" -Bad Brains (melded reggae/funk/punk)

Patti Smith

-NY based poet, journalist, and singer who had been experimenting with combining the spoken word and rock accompaniment -her critically acclaimed album Horses reached 47 on the Billboard charts in 1976 -established herself as a poet, playwright and freelance writer in NYC, incorporated musical accompaniment by rock guitarist Lenny Kaye to her poetry readings -her version of "Gloria" transforms Them's song into something different

Glam Rock

-Name refers to those rock musicians who embraced elaborate make-up and costumes of a glamorous nature (sometimes called Glitter Rock) -Marc Bolan of T. Rex initiated the use of glitter -David Bowie was pioneer of "Glam Rock" (emphasized elaborate, showy appearance) -Bowie's ability to create quasi-fictional stage personae with every new album was a precedent for the image manipulation of the 1980s stars like Madonna, Michael Jackson, Prince

Proto-Punk bands

-New York Dolls: their album The New York Dolls was released in 1973, would cross dress for performances, songs about bad girls, drugs, and NY street life -"Personality Crisis" -The Modern Lovers: Boston band, contributed a back to the basics attitude -Television continued with this theme and added a bit of style to early punk, with Richard Hell's spiked short hair

Velvet Underground

-New York underground rock scene of late 1960s -group included Lou Reed, John Cale, Sterling Morison, and Maureen Tucker -focus on lyrics and the uninflected delivery Reed gives them reveal a debt to Bob Dylan -overall sound = new, original -emphasized "back to basics" raw approach that has been cited as a nascent punk-rock sound -John Cale admired approach of minimalist, avant-garde compose La Monte Young -considered "too extreme" -overall poor album sales -dark themes of unconventional sex, drug use, seedy side of NY life -broke up in 1971

Heavy Metal in the 1980s

-New wave of British heavy metal -Ozzy Osbourne solo (Blizzard of Ozz, 1980) -Judas Priest ("Breaking the Law," 1980) -Def Leopard ("Photograph," 1983) -guitar-driven sound, pyrotechnical solos, relentless, heavy drumbeats

"We're Only In It For The Money"

-Paul McCartney cited Zappa's work as influence on Sgt. Pepper -Zappa responded with send-up of Sgt. Pepper (We're Only In It For the Money" -style ranges from Kooky take on 1950s R&R to raunchiest sounds of underground rock to avant-garde compositions that reflected Zappa's interest in Varese

Pink Floyd

-Pink Floyd sound began when Syd Barrett, a blues-loving art student, joined with friends from a London architecture school -band's name was a tribute to 2 blues musicians from the Carolinas: Pink Anderson and Floyd Council -moved quickly from blues-based songs to LSD-influences psychedelic rock -1st album was Piper at the Gates of Dawn -eventually brought in David Gilmour as an additional guitarist and fired Barrett, whose excessive LSD use interfered

Punk Music

-Punk was a stripped-down and often purposefully "nonmusical" version of rock music -it was a return to the wildness of early R&R stars like Jerry Lee Lewis and Little Richard, but with lyrics that emphasized the ironic or dark dimensions of human existence (drug addiction, suicide, lust, violence)

Counterculture

-San Fran's Haight Ashbury as the Mecca of Flower Power movement -Acid rock developed in association w/ San Fran and hippies but Austin's 13th floor elevators set the stage for acid rock -Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters

Glam Rock Pt. 2

-Sexual ambiguity became another route to transgression in the rock world, androgyny kept people guessing as to the sexual orientation fo their rock heroes -Bowie=first rockstar openly bi -Species ambiguity was a feature of his Diamond Dogs album -Blackstar (album) released shortly before Bowie's death in 2016

"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"

-The Beatles -Took the mastery of the Beach Boys' pet sounds album -Cover implodes gaps between generations and cultural ideas -Indian references

White and Whiter

-The Beatles -bricolage of the White Album consists of: -"Helter Skelter"- songs violating expectations of Beatles music because of its never-ending noise -children's West Indies calypso-like sounding sing-a-long "Story of Bungalow Bill" -Children's song "Good Night" written by John for his son Julian -album opens with "Back in the USSR" (references Chuck Berry and the Beach Boys) -Let it Be- movie (won grammy for best soundtrack, chronicle for break-up of the band)

Magical Mystery Train

-The Beatles -inspired by bus tours to Blackpool Lights and Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters -collection of absurd vignettes and dreamlike sequences strung together on the thread of a bus trip -"I Am the Walrus" stands out for both its lyrics and imaginative musical setting -There are several clues to the myth of Paul's death in the movie

Other British Punk Bands

-The Damned: Damned, Damned, Damned (1977), toured US and influenced emergence of LA punk scene -The Clash added a reggae beat to some of their songs -drew on ska, R&B, and others -song lyrics zoomed in on the root causes of the punk rebellion, youth unemployment, racism, and police brutality -"White Riot" (1977) is representative of their sound on their eponymous first album

Hardcore punk in US

-The Dead Kennedy's: San Fran punk band with a hard-edged sound and lyrics that incorporated political satire, lead singer = Jello Biafra (Eric Boucher), "Stars and Stripes of Corruption" -Frankenchrist's "penis landscape" (a 1973 painting by H. R. Giger) poster led to a lawsuit that bankrupted Biafra's label, Alternative Tentacles -LA bands Fear, Black Flag (symbol of anarchy), Damaged, "Rise Above" (1981) -The Germs, X, and Catholic Discipline were all featured in the 1980 film The Decline of Western Civilization -maintains the approach of Punk, but louder, faster, more raw. sonic mayhem and pandemonium

"The End"

-The Doors -Indian influence in drone-based sections -controversial -begins by announcing "the end" of a relationship -Oedipal conflict that resolves in the implied murder of a father by his son -got The Doors banned from LA club, Whiskey A GoGo

"Light My Fire"

-The Doors -crossed over from FM to AM and charted as a pop single (but often in abridged form)

"Louie, Louie"

-The Kingsmen -inspired many cover attempts

"I Wanna Be Sedated"

-The Ramones -good example of their style and mordant sense of humor

Early Punk Bands

-The Ramones music was basic, 3 or 4 chords, fast tempos, 8-beat rock rhythm, little syncopation -"Blitzkrieg Bop" is typical of their sound, characterized their music as "sick bubble gum songs"

Their Satanic Majesties Request

-The Rolling Stones -"In Another Land" (harpischord/wind sounds) -references Baroque music of a different time -"2000 Man"- folk-rock like for 2 verses -"2000 Light Years from Home"- avant-garde piano and electronic effects that mask guitar riff

"My Generation"

-The Who -stuttering vocal delivery by Dalty is inspired by speech patterns of The Mods

1980s Punk in the US

-US punks-better economic conditions than British (directed anger at sell-out parents -US gov's policies such as supporting the white South African regime -Hardcore aligned more with Ramones-styled punk loud, fast, aggressive music -DIY aesthetic -nationwide underground network by 1990 -provided infrastructure for emergence of alternative rock

"Heroin"

-Velvet Underground -similar to The Doors "The End" in its drive to a breakout-breakdown climax

Lou Reed

-Velvet Underground -majored in English at Syracuse -grew up in Long Island -principal song writer -continued producing music after VU broke up

Warner Communications

-Warner Brothers Records (1958) bought Sinatra's Reprise label in 1963, signed The Grateful Dead in 1967 -was bought by Seven Arts film company in 1967, which also bought Atlantic Records -Kinney Corporation then bought Warner-Seven Arts and Elektra -David Geffen's Asylum Records was added in 1973, amalgamated with Elektra in 1974, renamed Walter Communications

The Sex Pistols had No Future

-added the anarchist attitude and nihilist philosophy to the driving rhythmic energy and musical simplicity of the Ramones -embraced symbols of sexual bondage and pain, foul language and sneering -little sympathy of peace and love -"God Save the Queen" was banned, went on charts as a blank space -"Anarchy in the UK

La Monte Young

-admired by John Cale -inspired by drones and studied under Indian vocalist Pandit Pran Nath -connected with Fluxus

Commodifying the Counterculture

-advances in recording technology: 8 and 16 track studios allowed overdubbing, layering, mixing, and adding special effects, equalization, and compression -^Elevated the producer to a status equal to the musicians he produced -Rock Press (Rolling Stone Magazine and Creem were 2 most influential publications) -FM radio: multiplexing allowed for stereo broadcasts -By 1970, 668 FM stations, many playing rock

The Wall

-alienation as a theme -tour included huge wall that crashed down at the end of the show -"Another Brick in the Wall"

The Slits

-an all-female punk trio that toured with The Clash and in 1979 released Cut

The Fugs

-anti-Vietnam War band -offensive lyrics

Rock diffuses in the 1970s

-as multiple sub-genres proliferated, rock's audience split into multiple marketing targets -By 1973, music was a $2 billion industry -mergers led to music labels being absorbed by larger companies (Dutch electronics conglomerate Philips acquired Mercury and MGM; GRT, a tape company, acquired Chess)

Art Rock or Progressive Rock

-center in Britain -concept albums obsession -attention to album covers -lyrics=philosophical issues, not romance/sex -music=trip idea extended -classical music use (procol harum, moody blues)

Led Zeppelin

-combination of blues, folk, psychedelia -all exemplified in "Stairway to Heaven" (1972) -lyrics and performances focused on sexual topics -fusion of blues and psychedelic rock seen in "Whole Lotta Love" -defies categorization (heavy metal and acoustic) -Robert Plant (vocalist), Jimmy Paige (lead guitar), John Paul Jones (bass), John Bonham (drums) -more elaborate and beat defying riffs -"Good Times, Bad Times" (1st song of 1st album) has many features of heavy metal: guitar solo, fast paces ensemble, high vocal

The Mothers of Invention

-darkness linked with humor -Frank Zappa (1940-1993) = master of satire -like Andy Warhol and VU, Zappa was interested in avant-garde scene -Zappa staged multimedia extravaganzas called Freakouts

New Wave Music

-developed alongside punk rock, approached the critique of corporate rock in more self-conscious artistic and experimental terms -the term "New Wave" was soon picked up by record companies themselves, who began using it in the later 1970s to refer to pop-influenced performers such as Blondie

"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)"

-displays the 3 main influences in Hendrix's style 1. blues, the rock song, and jazz 2. wah wah pedal 3. used to close out Electric Ladyland performances

1970s Punk/New Wave

-during 1970s, the first "alternative" movements emerged within rock music -by 1975, rock music had closely connected with the center of popular taste -many believed rock's innovative potential had been squandered by pampered, pretentious rock stars and the major record companies that promote them

The Who

-early incarnations -heavily into amphetamines and regarded as inarticulate -The Mods -"My Generation"

Feminist Punk Rock

-feminist punk rock arose within the network of young women called Riot Grrrl -Bikini Kill and Sleater-Kinney from Washington, "Dig Me Out" (1997) -Huggy Bear was a British counterpart, shared album called Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeah (1993) -Bikini Kill's singer/songwriter Jathleen Hanna gave Kurt Cobain the title of "Smells Like Teen Spirit" -Lez Zeppelin = a band of lesbians that covers Led Zeppelin

The Ramones

-first bonafide punk rock band -formed in 1974 in NYC -their high-speed, energetic, and extremely loud sound influenced English punk groups such as the Sex Pistols and the Clash -became a blueprint for 1980s LA hardcore bands -although they projected a street-tough image, all of the band's members were from middle-class families in Queens -recording contract with Sire Records -their eponymous debut album was recorded inn 1976 for $6,000, album gained some critical attention and reached 111 on Billboard album charts

The Stooges

-formed in Ann Arbor in 1967 -working-class, motorcycle riding, leather jacketed ancestors of punk rock -lead singer=Iggy Stooge (Iggy Pop), famous for his outrageous stage performances -The Stooges' eponymous first album (1969), produced by Velvet Undergound's John cale -"Search and Destroy"

New York Dolls

-fronted by David Johansen -exerted a major influence on the musical and visual style of the punk rock movement -formed in NY City in 1971 -all-male dolls were an American response to the English glam rock movement -established certain core features of pink antifashion and helped create a new underground rock music scene in NYC -eventually succumbed to drug and alcohol abuse

"1969"

-good example of the sensibility that underlay much of the Stooges' work -evokes a world light-years distant from the utopianism of the hippie movement and the Woodstock festival

The Beatles (The White Album)

-has been interpreted as a postmodern work -postmodern theories reject the notion that a single theory can encompass the human experience and substitute a plurality of perspectives and a multiplicity of arguments that don't necessarily reach agreement -notions of multiplicity, decenteredness and subversion of the orthodox are part of a postmodern approach

"The Chrome Plated Megaphone of Destiny"

-illustrates Zappa's interset in Varese's music

The Buzzcocks

-more pop influenced -released two albums in 1978 (Another Music in a Different Kitchen, Love Bites, "Ever Fallen in Love with Someone You Shouldn't've?" went to number 12 on UK chart

Overview of the 1970s

-most 1970s styles grew from the developments of the 1960s -2 general trends: 1) musically ambitious bands in the 1970s. 2) rise of corporate conglomerates in the late 1970s -Key issues of the 1970s: the view of corporate rock as a form of corruption, emergence of underground styles, 1970s "classic rock" in the media of the 1990s

L.A. Metal

-music industry center in 1980s, especially for metal -Van Halen (lite metal) ("Eruption" 1978) -Quiet Riot (Metal Health, 1983) -Motley Crue (Shout at the Devil, 1983) -high screaming vocals, loud assertive drumming

Alternatives to the Mainstream

-music industry of the 1970s consolidated behind the moneymaking star, ignoring fringe groups -punk was one reaction to the over-produced rock foisted on consumers by the industry -grunge began as Neo-Punk, Seattle style in early 1990s -alternative arose as a categorization of new styles that fused elements of several pre-existing styles (Grunge=heavy metal + punk)

Heavy Metal

-obvious extension of hard rock of the 1970s -drew on some of the stage spectacles of glam rock -Reebee Garofalo: "Heavy metal=critics' worst nightmare, no socially redeeming features -Steppenwolf's "Born to be Wild" provides the term

Siouxsie and the Banshees

-one of a few British bands to include a woman -"Hong Kong Garden" (1978), followed by The Scream, which included a gothic cover of "Helter Skelter" -The Clash= made an impression in the USA

Eric Clapton

-outsider to blues culture, revered authentic blues and tried to maintain pure blues elements -left the Yardbirds to john John Mayall and the Bluesbreakers then formed Cream

What makes it heavy metal?

-power (volume, power chords) -bass and guitar play same thing -extreme distortion -screeching vocals (Arthur Brown) -sectional form -virtuosic guitar solos -invoking symbols (from Gothic horror and facism to Nordic Mythology) -suggesting danger (poison, suffocation, immolation)

Rock as Art

-process of emulating certain ideals of the art music world as a means of legitimizing music -intersects with theme of rock as drama -art rock sometimes evaluated with Progressive Rock

Jimi Hendrix

-racial issues and Hendrix -broke boundaries of musical sounds in ways not imagined -elevated rock instrumentalist to equal to status with vocalist -his music style melds aspects of Greenwich Village beat poetry, Dylanesque lyrics, electric blues, free jazz, Beatles-style audio effets plus Hendrix's own sense of the way out -redefined use of feedback -already surfing in outer space with feedback and distortion in his first album (Third Stone from the Sun from Are You Experienced)

Progressive Rock

-rock influenced by the approach of progressive jazz of the 1950s infused with the stylistic features of classical music such as counterpoint, irregular rhythms, virtuosity, extended compositional length -Pink Floyd might fall outside this definition -Jethro Tull, Emerson, Lake and Palmer, King Crimson, Mothers of Invention and later Zappa work fall in category of Progressive Rock

Led Zeppelin II and III

-second album carries similar vein as 1st -compound AABA form in "Whole Lotta Love", a song based on Willie Dixon's "You Need Love" -Led Zeppelin III has more acoustic material, testing the loyalty of their fans

Creedence Clearwater Revival

-several hits on pop charts in 1969 -"proud mary" combines major and minor pentatonic scales -"Up Around the Bend" -"Fortunate Son" has a more updated sound with power chords and modal harmonies

WEA (Warner-Elektra-Atlantic)

-signed Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple, Black Sabbath, the Faces, CSN, Mothers of Invention, and more -by 1974 CBS and Warner Communications sold 40% of all records -record companies and electronics=under 1 roof

"Dazed and Confused"

-slow descending bass riff continues throughout song -song covers wide range of expressiveness (tender and overpowering) -middle section: drum responds to short riffs, guitar exchanges responses with vocal screeches, abrupt rhythmic change to a faster tempo

Heavier Metal

-speed and thrash metal -Metallica "Ride the Lightning" and "Fade to Black" -Megadeth -Anthrax -Slayer ("Alter of Sacrifice," "Necrophiliac")

Flower Power Ideology

-tune in, turn on, drop out -communal living/back to normal/celebration of Native America -use of hallucinogens for "mind expansion" -celebrating spontaneous, improvisational behavior as opposed to social regimentation -acid rock provided the sound track for the hippie lifestyle

Brave New World

-writers like Aldous Huxley, William Burroughs -BF Skinner: communal Utopia -cartoons of Robert Crumb

2 of the most important 20th century trends in 20th century art music

1. minimalism 2. organization of sound effects not originally used in music -seen in Pink Floyd

In what ways did Progressive rock draw from classical music?

1. some groups drew on orchestral sounds and classical compositions, such as The Moody Blues, The Electric Light Orchestra, and Jethro Tull 2. other groups drew more from modern, avant-garde features of art music (Pink Floyd)

Deepening Roots

4 key trends 1. US blues revival: Canned Heart, Paul Butterfield, Janis Joplin 2. Development of "American Sound": CCR, Grateful Dead 3. Southern Rock: The Allman Brothers, Leonard Skynyrd 4. Country Rock: Poco, Buffalo Springfield, The Byrds

Punk Rock

Contradictions: -articulated the frustrations of the working class, yet it was a business venture -while it wished to negate rock's roots (erasing the blues), its style was a throwback to early rock -NY -CBGB's and Max's Kansas City -Punk fashion, DIY aesthetic

acid rock

extended jams, high volume, feedback to mask pulsation, process of folk movement combined with rock musician

new idioms

right on, far out, dynamite