History - Quiz 13
According to Map 13.2: Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555, what region of Europe shown in the map experienced the most diversity in religious faith around 1555?
Eastern-Central Europe
The Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis ended the conflict known as the
Habsburg-Valois wars.
The most important second-generation Protestant reformer was
John Calvin
What were Lutheran and Calvinist attitudes toward secular rulers?
Lutherans taught respect for authority, while Calvinists encouraged opposition to political authorities who were considered ungodly.
According to Map 13.2: Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555, where did the French Calvinists (called Huguenots) live?
Major cities
How was the choice to embrace or reject the Protestant reform movement made in each territory or region of the Holy Roman Empire?
The political leader(s) of the territory or region determined whether to introduce reforms.
Why was the pope unable to grant Henry VIII of England the annulment he desired?
The pope was essentially the prisoner of Emperor Charles V.
Why did most ordinary Poles oppose the Lutheran reform movement?
They held strong anti-German feelings.
What was the fate of most people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?
They were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance.
What new religious order for women emerged in the sixteenth century?
Ursuline order
As a result of the Peace of Augsburg, the people of Germany
became either Lutheran or Catholic, depending on the preference of their prince.
The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a
confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation.
Luther's reforms spread rapidly, in part because the Holy Roman Empire was
made up of hundreds of independent states.
Luther viewed celibacy as
opposed to human nature and God's commandments.
The Ursuline order of nuns focused on
the education of women.
Martin Luther's first response to the Peasants' War was
to side with the peasants.
The overriding goal of the Catholic religious orders established in the sixteenth century was
to uplift the moral condition of both clergy and laity
Early-sixteenth-century critics of the clergy concentrated on three problems: clerical immortality, clerical ignorance, and clerical...
pluralism.
The Pilgrimage of Grace attested to
popular opposition, in northern England, to Henry VII's reformation.
In Hungary, Lutheranism was
spread by Hungarian students who had studied at the University of Wittenberg.
The Reformation in England was primarily the result of
the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII.
Which of the following was a consequence of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
A lengthy civil war
"So we call Spiritual Exercises every way of preparing and disposing the soul to rid itself of all inordinate attachments, and, after their removal, of seeking and finding the will of God in the disposition of our life for the salvation of our soul." What is Ignatius Loyola discussing in this quote?
A training program using structured meditation to develop spiritual discipline.
Based on Map 13.1: The Global Empire of Charles V, ca 1556, what was the only Christian kingdom that opposed Charles V?
France
What was the name given to French Calvinists?
Huguenots
Which of the following best describes Martin Luther's doctrine of salvation?
It came through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace.
Martin Luther's first response to the Peasant's War was
to side with the peasants
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that
was a middle course between Catholic and Protestant extremes.
Early-sixteenth-century Europeans were, for the most part,
deeply pious.
The following is an excerpt from the 1563 Decrees of the Council of Trent: "That the faithful may approach the sacraments with greater reverence and devotion of mind, the holy Council commands all bishops that not only when they themselves are about to administer them to the people, they shall first, in a manner adapted to the mental ability of those who receive them, explain their efficacy and use, but also that they shall see to it that the same is done piously and prudently by every parish priest, and in the vernacular tongue." What important change in Catholic religious practice is described in this passage?
The shift away from the exclusive use of Latin in Catholic religious services.
Luther believed that the church consisted of
a spiritual priesthood of all Christian believers.
The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V was
a vigorous defender of Catholicism.
How did Luther benefit from his appearance before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms?
Luther gained a larger audience for his reform ideas, and others began to challenge the church's teachings and practices.
Why did Elizabeth I have her cousin and heir, Mary, Queen of Scots, executed?
Mary was implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth.
What was the name given to the Catholic and Huguenot moderates in France?
Politiques
The following is from a 1587 German account of the testimony at the trial of an accused with: " Walpurga Hausmannin... upon kindly questioning and also torture... confessed... that the Evil One indulged in fornication with her... and made her many promises to help her in her poverty and need... she promised herself body and soul to him and disowned God in heaven... with her devil-paramour and other playfellows she has eaten these [animals and children] and used their hair and their little bones for witchcraft." The passage provides evidence of which of the following?
The belief that the essence of witchcraft was a pact with the Devil.
In the early sixteenth century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following terms?
The immortality of priests who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy.
How did the Calvinists understand the idea of work or labor?
Hard work, well done, was pleasing to God, and all work with a religious aspect was dignified.
John Calvin rejected the idea off free will because he believed it would
detract from the sovereignty of God.
The Edict of Nantes
granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns.
The following is an excerpt from the School ordinance of the duchy of Wurttemberg, a Lutheran territory in the Holy Roman (Thinking Like a Historian): "In addition, all parents are obliged on the danger of losing their souls to teach the catechism to their children and domestic servants. Ask them also what they remember from last Sunday's sermon, and, if they remember nothing, admonish them to pay closer attention. And if kind words don't help, take the stick to them or give them nothing too eat and drink for supper until they have repeated something from the sermon." Based on the evidence, provided by this passage, one can conclude that Lutherans believed that
parents were at least party responsible for the spiritual education of their children.
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to
prevent Holy Roman Emperor Charles V from increasing his power.
The Colloquy of Marburg
failed to resolve the differences among Protestants on the issue of Eucharist.
"To those whom he devotes to condemnation, the gate of life is closed by a just and irreprehensible, but incomprehensible, judgment. How exceedingly presumptuous it is only to inquire into the causes of the Divine will; which is in fact, and is justly entitled to be, the cause of everything that exists." This quote from the writings of John Calvin explains what concept?
predestination
How did the closing the monasteries and convents affect upper-class women?
Marriage became virtually the only occupation for upper-class women.
How effective was the Universal Inquisition established by the papacy in 1542?
The Inquisition effectively destroyed heresy within the Papal States but had little influence elsewhere.
Luther's claim that the papacy was exploiting Germany
appealed to the national sentiment of German princes.