History Quiz Chapter 4 (Based around French and Indian War and British Policies)

What was the saying produced by the colonists from this taxing?

"No taxation without representation". There were no legislatures in Parliament to represent them so they felt Parliament had no right to tax them.

Were the colonists justified in resisting British policies after the French and Indian War?

- How were they treated? - How were they taxed? - Did Britain have permission? - Should the colonists have gotten something from the war?

What were the Townshend Acts?

Acts that were passed in 1767 that imposed duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea imported into the colonies. This had also created a Board of Custom Commissioners to enforce these laws without the accused having recourse to a trial by jury.

What had Britain done in response to the protest of the Townshend Acts?

Britain had repealed all the duties except for the tax on tea to assert right to tax the colonies. Resistance to the tea tax became the symbol of American patriots.

Did Great Britain lose more than it gained from its victory in the French and Indian War?

Consider: - Land - Profit made/lost - (maybe) colonists' and their reactions

What was the first major event of the French and Indian War?

In 1753, George Washington was sent to deliver a message to the French that they were trespassing on Virginia's land. Washington had needed a fort to rest and built Fort Necessity. Washington and his men were later captured there but was set free later. He had signed papers and unwittingly confessed to the murder of a French envoy, Jumanville.

What act did Parliament pass in response to "No taxation without representation"?

In 1766 Parliament passed the Declaratory Act, stating that Parliament had the right to rule and tax the colonies.

Explain the political and economic factors that contributed to the American Revolution.

Reasons to know: - Salutary Neglect - Conflict over the Ohio Valley, leading to French and Indian War - Proclamation of 1763 - Sugar Act - Stamp Act - Townshend Acts *Know definition and how it affects the colonists starting the Revolution.

What was salutary neglect and what was it meant to accomplish?

Salutary neglect is a long standing (unwritten) British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of Parliamentary laws. The prime minister had intentionally done this to simulate trade.

What was planned for the colonies by Ben Franklin during the French and Indian War?

The Albany Plan of Union 1754. The plan was made so the council would be able to manage the relationships with the Natives and raise an army to protect the colonies. The plan was rejected.

What was the last battle of the French and Indian War?

The Battle for Quebec in 1759. British General Wolfe and French General Montcalm fought on the Plains of Abraham, both in the British style of fighting. Both generals had died. British General Jeffrey Amherst took the cities of Quebec and won the battle.

Explain the impact on the colonies of the French and Indian War, including how the war led to an overhaul of British policy from 1763-1775.

The British and the colonists won the French and Indian War but Britain did not want the colonists to settle past the Appalachian Mountains into the Ohio Valley (which they won) because it would take more money to place British soldiers as a policing force to watch the colonists. Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763, banning settlements west of the Appalachians and forbade colonial people except licensed traders to have relations with the Native Americans. From then Britain would handle all official relations. This had also protected the colonists from Native attacks and the Natives from colonist attacks. The desire for good farmland caused colonists to rebel/defy these restrictions. The French and Indian War and the Seven Years War in Britain had cost them lots of money and built lots of debt. This caused more acts on the colonies for the taxes to relieve the debt. *Know and explain other British policies and effects on the colonies.

How did the Boston Massacre start?

The Massacre started from the tension that had been growing since British troops arrived in MA in Oct. 1768 to enforce the tax from the Townshend Acts. On March 5th, 1770 the soldiers led by Captain Preston were met by a group of civilians taunting the British and fighting. He was unable to disperse the crowd and told his men not to shoot. The order was most likely not heard and they opened fire killing 3 and 2 later from injury.

What was the Stamp Act?

The Stamp Act had required colonists to buy tax stamps for documents including newspapers, custom documents, legal papers, playing cards, and dice. This was also used to help pay off Britain's national debt from the Seven Years War and French and Indian War.

What was the difference in these taxes from the Townshend Acts (other than what they taxed) to the Stamp Act?

The Townshend Acts were an indirect tax on the items taxed. The Stamp Act had a direct tax. A direct tax has the tax added after the given price. An indirect tax has a tax already on the price. Britain had hoped the colonists would accept the indirect taxes but had misunderstood the colonists as they still reiterated "No taxation without representation".

What was the first major battle in the French and Indian War, following the year after the Albany Plan of Union (1754)

The battle at Fort Duquesne. British General Braddock had lost the battle due to fighting using the traditional British fighting styles, which was shooting in rows and columns because of the use of the smooth barrel musket. The idea was the get as many bullets firing into the enemies troops. This did not work well as the French and Indians had fought behind cover of trees and large rocks while the British were in the open.

What had the colonists done in protest against the Townshend Acts?

The colonists wrote the Circular Letter which led to the Non-importation Agreements, reducing imports from Britain by half between 1768 and 1769 (essentially a form of boycott). In response to the Circular Letter and Non-Importation Agreements, Governor Francis Bernard of MA had dissolved local legislatures.

What was the main cause of the French and Indian War?

The conflict between the British and the French over the Ohio Valley. The French and British had claimed the land. The British colonies had been moving into the French territory. The French and British has merchants engaged in fur trade with the Native Americans.

What was the problem with leaving the colonies alone for a long period of time (in terms of their governing)?

The governing of the colonies were decentralized (spread out) and inefficient. They were split between several agencies, the Privy Council, the Admiralty, and the Treasury which did not work together. Their main responsibility at the time was to govern the colonies for the parent colonies in the system of mercantilism.

What was the ratio of soldiers to Boston's population?

The ratio was 1 soldier to 5 civilians (there was 20,000 civilians and 4000 troops). This made the colonists feel nervous and unsteady about Britain's plans for them. This many soldiers could have meant that they were planning a war. Britain had planned for these soldiers to just be a police force in Boston.

Why did the colonists react the way they did about these British taxes?

The reactions was because of the lack of colonial legislatures in Parliament (No taxation without representation) than the amount. The taxes were very insignificant compared to their income.

When and how did the French and Indian War end?

The war ended in 1759 by the Treaty of Paris 1763 (be sure to state year of treaty). The treaty stated that Britain would control New France (Canada), the Ohio Valley, and all other French lands east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans. Spain had helped in the war against Britain and had to give Florida to Britain. In order to repay Spain, France had given Spain the Louisiana Territory and New Orleans. France had no territory left in North America.

What were ways that colonists had protested the Stamp Act?

They had formed secret organizations such as the Sons of Liberty. There was a Stamp Act Congress in NYC petitioning the repeal of the Stamp Act and reiterated "No taxation without representation". Merchants had boycotted British goods until they had repealed the Stamp Act. Petitions from English merchants suffering the effects of the boycott had bombarded Parliament and they repealed the Stamp Act in March of 1766.

What was the Sugar Act?

This was the first ever law passed by Parliament to collect revenue/taxes from the colonists. Grenville hoped these taxes to defray expanses on British troops in America and the British debt from the French and Indian War and the Seven Years War (in Britain). Halved duty of foreign made sugar, placed duty on certain imports, and strengthened enforcement on law.

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

This was the official announcement from Britain forbidding the colonies from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains and forbade colonists to have relations with the Native Americans except for licensed merchants. This had protected the colonists from Native American attacks and vice versa. This was the first British policy to affect all the colonies. Desire for good farmland (in Ohio Valley) had many colonists to defy this policy.