History Test 2

What is social Darwinism?

A theory that applied Darwins Theory of Survival of the Fittest to human society.

Why did five of the seven existing black medical schools close down around 1910?

Abraham Flexner recommended improving med schools by eliminating the weaker (often black) ones. Also to raise admission standards and expand lab and clinical training in the stronger schools.

What was the result of the "Brownsville affair"?

After Roosevelt wrongly dismissed 167 black men from the army but the war department reinstated 14 of the soldiers, the black soldiers were awarded honorable discharges and congress awarded the only survivor 25,000 and right treatment at veteran's facilities

What new development occurred for blacks because of the Spanish-American War?

Black men commanded all black units; the war department permitted black men to serve as lieutenants

What were some of the differences between life for a black soldier and life for a white soldier?

Black soldiers had to endure prejudice acts and most whites felt as though they were inadequately trained.

Who was described by one critic as the "Benedict Arnold of the Negro Race"?

Booker T. Washington

How were black nurses exploited during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century?

By hiring them out, as part of their training for private duty work but requiring them to relinquish their pay to the schools.

What were "minstrel shows"?

Derogatory performances of "coon songs" previously performed by whites with black on their faces, later performed by blacks.

What did the National Colored Labor Union emphasize for its members?

Discouraged strikes and encouraged its members to work hard and be thrifty

What skills were stressed for blacks and Native Americans at the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute

Embrace hard work diligence and Christian morality.

Where did the term "buffalo soldiers" originate?

Four regiments of black soldiers that served with the US Army on the western frontier from the 1870s to the 1890s the plain Indians called them the buffalo soldiers

36. How did Woodrow Wilson act toward black people when he became president ?

He wasn't a friend to black people. He had absorbed white southerners racial views.

34. What provoked the formation of the National Federation of Afro-American Women?

Josephine St Pierre Ruffin, enraged by white journalist James W. Jacks Vilification of black women as prostitutes etc. Made her issue a call to "let us come together" that drew 104 black women to a meeting in Boston.

Why did blacks serve in the Spanish-American War?

Many blacks were convinced, just as they had been during previous wars, that their support in the war against Spain would reduce or even eliminate white hostility.

Who were the "talented tenth"?

Meaning the upper 10 % of black Americans...

39. How did most African Americans feel about entering World War 1?

Most African Americans supported the war effort.

What did the American Federation of Labor think about black involvement in unions?

Most of its local craft unions barred women and black tradesmen.

What methods did the NAACP use to try to gain black civil and political rights?

NAACP worked with judicial and legislative systems to get rid of discrimination and racism.

Because the American Bar Association would not include them, what legal organization did blacks form?

National Bar Association

35. What was the main role of many Phillis Wheatley homes?

Offered living accommodations for single , black working women in many cities where YWCAS refused to meet them. Also they provided nurseries and classes in domestic skills.

What is the distinctive characteristic of ragtime music?

Ragtime was written for performance on the piano but was not accompanied by lyrics and not meant to be sung.

What issues did some blacks and whites use to criticize the Spanish-American War?

They questioned the American cause and some blacks saw it as an effort to extend American racial practices

33. What was the focus of early black women's clubs in the 1970s and 1880s ?

They were mainly concerned with cultural, religious, and social matters.

What was the general nature of the NAACP publication, The Crisis ?

To denounce white racism and atrocities and demanded that black people stand up for their rights .It was a voice for civil rights.

How did William Monroe Trotter feel about Booker T. Washington's efforts and views?

Trotter felt Washington was a traitor and interrupted his speech and got arrested.

How did Du Bois's and Washington's approaches to improving the condition of black men differ?

Washington felt blacks should get equality through education.

What is the connection between the Niagara movement and the formation of the NAACP?

When the Niagara movement expired the NAACP came to life.

40. What did many race riots of the early twentieth century have in common ?

White americans responded with hostility to the arrival of black migrants.

Why did many black lawyers have a hard time making a living?

White attorneys and judges did not welcome them; Black defendants and plaintiffs hired whites in hopes that it would improve their chances of receiving justice.

How did white authorities harass heavyweight champion Jack Johnson?

White authorities convicted of violating the Mann Act, which made it illegal to transport a woman across the state lines for immoral purposes. They sentenced him to 1 year in prison and fined him $1,000

Why were many black troops assigned to Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas?

Whites believed black soldiers could withstand heat better than their white counterparts

How did Booker T. Washington react to the new Niagara Movement?

did everything in his power to undermine the Niagra Movement. He sent spies to the meetings and said black federal members would be dismissed if they joined.

38. What were Du Bois views of the postwar impact of World-War 1?

he was very demoralized and thought that he shouldn't have supported the war so wholeheartedly.

What art form gradually replaced ragtime in popularity in the early twentieth century?

jazz

What did the Niagara Movement demand in 1905?

that blacks should protest rigorously for their rights , better schools etc

What was the role of the "Talented Tenth," according to Du Bois?

the responsibility to advancement of the black people.

What was the goal of the Urban League?

to alleviate conditions blacks encounted as they moved into large cities during 20th centuries. Also helped improve housing, medical care, and recreational facilities for blacks in New York, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Nashville, and Norfolk. Also assisted youngs who ran afoul the law.