History Unit 5
Match the terms and ideas 1. Democracy 2. Free market economy 3. The United States 4. Workers are exploited and should be protected by the government 5. Private ownership of the means of production (i.e. the way to make money) 6. Competition among businesses and individuals 7. USSR 8. The working class (proletariat) should triumph over the wealthy class (bourgeoisie) 9. Karl Marx 10. A strong central government controls all aspects of economic production, and provides citizens with their basic needs
1. Capitalism 2. Capitalism 3. Capitalism 4. communism 5. Capitalism 6. Capitalism 7. Comunism 8. Communism 9. Communism 10. Communism
1. Historical Context: Why did Truman believe Greece needed American aid in 1947? What evidence does he offer? 2. Intended Audience: What does Truman mean when he claims, "Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far reaching to the West as well as to the East"? 3. Purpose: Does Truman present American policy as offensive or defensive? What words or phrases does Truman use to present policy this way? 4. Significance Record your first hypothesis: Who was primarily responsible for the Cold War? the United States or the Soviet Union?
1. Greece is in desperate need of financial and economic assistance to enable it to resume purchases of food, clothing, fuel, and seeds. 2. Communism will extend to the West and the west will lose power. If Greece should fall under the control of an armed minority, the effect upon its neighbor, Turkey, would be immediate and serious. Confusion and disorder might well spread throughout the entire Middle East. . . . Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far reaching to the West as well as to the East. 3. Defensive. One of the primary objectives of the foreign policy of the United States is the creation of conditions in which we and other nations will be able to work out a way of life free from coercion. 4. Both created tension. Russia wanted to expand and spread communism and the the united states did not want Russia's expansion and believed in Capitalism
1. Historical Context: Who was Henry Wallace? When did he write this letter (what was going on in the world)? 2. Point of View: What is Wallace's main argument? 3. Purpose: How does Wallace's description of American foreign policy compare to Truman's (Doc B) and Novikov's (Doc C)? 4. Significance: Record your second hypothesis: Who was primarily responsible for the Cold War? the United States or the Soviet Union?
1. Secretary of Commerce and former Vice President Henry A. Wallace letter to President Harry S. Truman, July 23, 1946. Truman asked Wallace to resign shortly after this letter. 2. The US actions must t make it look to the rest of the world as if we were only paying lip service to peace at the conference table. 3. Disagrees with Truman and Agrees with Novikov 4. Both
1. Historical Context: Who was Nicholas Novikov? When did he write this telegram (what was going on in the world)? 2. Point of View: How does Novikov describe the United States? What evidence does he use to support his description? 3. Purpose: What does Novikov claim the United States planned during the Second World War?
1. Soviet Ambassador, he wrote is in 1946 right after WWII 2. The foreign policy of the United States, which reflects the imperialist tendencies of American monopolistic capital, is characterized in the postwar period by a striving for world supremacy. (The US thinks they have the right to rule the world) His example was: All the forces of American diplomacy -- the army, the air force, the navy, industry, and science -- are enlisted in the service of this foreign policy. For this purpose broad plans for expansion have been developed and are being implemented through diplomacy and the establishment of a system of naval and air bases stretching far beyond the boundaries of the United States, through the arms race, and through the creation of ever newer types of weapons 3. [American leaders] calculated that the United States of America, if it could avoid direct participation in the war, would enter it only at the last minute, when it could easily affect the outcome of the war, completely ensuring its interests. In this regard, it was thought that the main competitors of the United States would be crushed or greatly weakened in the war, and the United States by virtue of this circumstance would assume the role of the most powerful factor in resolving the fundamental questions of the postwar world.
1. What conflict was one of the major causes of economic and political instability, corruption, crime, poverty, and violence in Central America? 2. In 1951, Guatemala democratically elected Jacobo Arbenz because he aimed to fight poverty and inequality by redistributing ___________________________ more fairly. 3. What role did the United States play in creating and sustaining the Guatemalan Civil War? 4. In the 1980s, the Salvadoran civil war involved the right-wing military government and __________________ guerillas (FPL). 5. What happened to Archbishop Oscar Romero, the leader of the Catholic church in El Salvador, when he wrote a letter to US President Jimmy Carter, begging him to stop funding the Salvadoran military? 6. What role did the United States play in sustaining the Salvadoran Civil War and then sustaining general instability after the war ended in 1992? 7. During the Reagan administration, the U.S. sought to overthrow the communist Sandinista government in Nicaragua by supporting the ____________________, a right-wing guerrilla rebel force. 8. Who was harmed by the US using its power to push for deregulation of the coffee trade, benefiting US businesses? 9. What role did the United States play in creating instability in Honduras? 10. True or False: The US actions in Central America during the Cold War contributed to instability, conflict, and violence in Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, which still shapes immigration issues today.
1. The Cold war 2. Property more fairly 3. Interventionist foreign policies to stop communism from spreading. The US provided arms and funds to nations and groups fighting communism. The US did not like Jacobo's policy because United Fruit Company (US company) owned 600,000 archers of property. Land reform and the legalization of the communist party were a threat to democracy. So the CIA aided the overthrow of the Arbenz government, causing a civil war in 1960 that went on for 36 years. 4. Maxist Gurellas 5. He was assassinated while celebrating mass 6. They sent the Salvadorian gangs in LA back to El Salvador, where the gangs became more violent 7 Contras 8. Handuras's most vulnerable (Farmers and Poor) 9. The US created military bases in Honduras to fight communism in Nicaragua. Honduras became militarized, creating political repression, corruption, and violence. 10 True
1. The Costa Rican Civil War of 1948 was fought between __________ and the National Liberation Army. 2. Because the government decided to demilitarize after the war, where could funds be spent instead? 3. True or False: Costa Rica historically did NOT have to worry about external conflicts and could choose to demilitarize. 4. What did banning Communism do for Costa Rica? 5. What was written into the country's constitution when the Communists peacefully surrendered? 6. Because living standards rose in Costa Rica, they avoided a slide into authoritarian communism and what?
1. The Costa Rican Communist Party 2. Education and Health care ---US 1.9 trillion 3. False 4. Avoided uprisings at home 5. The expansion of social services 6. Became the happiest country in the region
When was the Cold War?
1945-1991
When did the Soviets leave Iran?
1946
When was the Berlin Airlift?
1948-1949
What are the characteristics of a "hot" war? Can you think of any other examples of a "hot" war?
A hot war is a war where two or more countries fight using weapons.
What was the outcome of the Yalta Conference?
A plan was created?
What is the Truman Doctrine?
A pledge to provide economic and military aid to oppose the spread of communism
What are the characteristics of "cold" war?
A war fought using political tension between two or more countries.
What is a Proxy War?
A war instigated by a major power which does not itself become involved. "the end of the Cold War brought an end to many of the proxy wars through which the two sides struggled to exert their influence"
What was the worlds condition after WWII?
After WWII, much of the world was in ruins and empires were crumbling Economies were in shambles due to the destruction and lasting effects of WWII and the Great Depression
Was the Peoples' Republic of China a major turning point in the development of the Cold War? how?
After much of Eastern Europe fell to Soviet influence, US leaders attempted to contain the spread of communism with policies like the Truman Doctrine. Western leaders had supported Chaing Kai-Shek and Nationalist forces in the Chinese Civil War. When China became a communist nation, it became clear these efforts had failed
Who are two other people credited with popularizing the term "Cold War"?
American journalist Walter Lippman multimillionaire Bernard Baruch,
What is capitalism?
An economic system based on private property and free enterprise.
What is an ideology?
An ideology is a set of beliefs shared by a group of people. Example: Social Darwinism was an ideology that Europeans believed in when they pursued western imperialism.
Socialism and communism are similar because... Socialism and communism are similar but... Socialism and communism are similar so...
Because But So
How are socialism and communism similar?
Both socialism and communism are economic philosophies advocating public rather than private ownership, especially regarding the means of production and distribution and exchange of goods (i.e., making money) in a society. Both aim to fix the problems they see as created by capitalism, including the exploitation of workers and a widening gap between the rich and poor.
3. What changes were occuring in Guatemala in the 1940s-50s?
By the middle of the 20th century, the American-based United Fruit Company became the largest single land-owner in the country and local banana farmers were forced out of business. In the 1940s, discontent led to election victories for socialists seeking more equitable distribution of resources. Then in the 1950s, Guatemalan leaders gave farm land back to a half a million poor people and allowed workers to organize for better wages (similar to land reform in China).
Where does communism exist today?
China, Cuba, North Korea, Laos and Vietnam Such countries can be classified as communist because in all of them, the central government controls all aspects of the economic and political system. But none of them have achieved the elimination of personal property, money or class systems.
How is a "cold" war different than a "hot" war?
Cold war is a political war where violence is not being used but being threatened. A hot war is a serious war between two countries where guns and other deadly weapons are used.
What is communism? and why did it emerge?
Communism, like socialism, also originated as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution. Under communism, there is no such thing as private property. All property is communally owned, and each person receives a portion based on their needs. A strong central government—the state—controls all aspects of economic production and provides citizens with their basic necessities, including food, housing, medical care and education.
Who did Baruch identify as the US's enemy during the Cold War?
Communists
Why does the Berlin Airlift represent a turning point in the development of the Cold War?
Containment tested... and US holds on.
9. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Cuba even briefly harbored Soviet nuclear missiles only 90 miles from Florida. Known as the "Cuban Missile Crisis" this was one of the tensest 13 days of the Cold War with both US and USSR leaders in a military standoff
7. Why is Cuba different from the rest of Latin America?
Cuba was another story, since the US failed to prevent communism there. Outside of China and the USSR, Cuba—an island about the size of Florida—was perhaps the most influential communist nation during the Cold War.
Why did the Chinese Civil war resume in 1945?
Each party wanted to gain power and spread their ideology
4. How and why did the US respond to these changes?
Fearing the loss of land and spread of communist ideas, powerful American businessmen convinced the US to work with opposition leaders in Guatemala to overthrow the socialist government. With the help of the C.I.A., armed Guatemalan rebels overthrew the government in 1954. They put a staunch anti-communist in charge, who returned most of the seized land back to the United Fruit Company.
When was the Yalta Conference held?
February, 1945
What happened to prompt George Orwell to first use the term "cold war"?
George Orwell used the term "cold war" in his essay "You and the Atom Bomb," where he speculated on the consequences of the atomic age which had begun two months before when the United States bombed Japan. In this article, Orwell considered the social and political effects of "a state (country) which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of 'cold war' with its neighbors."
Which countries are the Northern Triangle?
Guatemala, El Salvador and Haduras Between 1980 and 2013 the population of immigrants from this region grew from 300000 to 3,000000000
What was going on in china after the end of WWII?
In 1945 the two sides resumed their civil war. With American support, Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT took control of China's major cities. However, Mao Zedong and the CPC were given weapons and funding by the Soviet Union, and they quickly gained support in the rural areas of China. For the first few years after WWII, the United States tried to negotiate peace between the two sides where the country would be split. However, neither side was willing to give in.
who won China's civil war KMT (Chiang Kai-shek)or CPC (Mao Zedong)
In October of 1949, the CPC captured Beijing. They declared victory and said that China was now under the rule of the People's Republic of China.
5. What was Operation Condor?
In South America, the United States backed a campaign of political repression and violence known as Operation Condor to stop the spread of communism. The American CIA worked with the right-wing dictatorial governments of Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil to conduct intelligence operations and the assassination of opponents.
What did the US accuse Russia about Iran in 1946?
In early 1946, the United States complained to the United Nations about the situation in Iran and accused the Soviets of interfering with Iran as an independent nation.
What did the Soviets do in the context of distrust and dislike to them by the US and British?
In that context of distrust and dislike, the Soviets came to the assistance of an Iranian rebel group in the northern regions of the country called Azerbaijan who created a pro-Soviet government
What US programs are considered socialists?
In the United States, socialism has not historically enjoyed as much success as a political movement. But at the same time, U.S. programs once considered socialist, such as Medicare and Social Security, have been integrated into American life.
When was the Potsdam Conference?
July, 1945
Where did the Kuomintang Party (KMT) hold more control with U.S. support? Where did the Communist Party (CPC) hold more control with Soviet support? Based on what you know about communist and capitalist ideologies, why does this make sense?
KMT in the major city and CPC in the rural areas KMT-US-capitalism-city CPC-USSR- Communism-rural
Give 4 examples of post-WWII Proxy Wars and what years. Where When Who were they hot or cold war
Korea (1950-1953) US and USSR. cold Cuba (Cuban Missile Crisis) (1962). US and USSR cold Vietnam (1964-1975) US and USSR cold Afganistan (1979-1989). US and USSR cold
What was the result of conflicted of the Proxy war in Korea, Cuba, Vietnam and Afghanistan?
Korea: Finally, on July 27, 1953, an armistice was signed to end the fighting. There was, and is, no peace treaty. The Korean Peninsula remained divided along the 38th Parallel. This conflict ended in a stalemate. The Korean War was later overshadowed by Vietnam and other proxy conflicts leading it to be called "The Forgotten War." It set the template for many proxy wars to follow. Our next scenario brings us closer to home! Cuba On Saturday, October 27, Kennedy secretly agreed to remove all US missiles in Turkey in exchange for Khrushchev removing all missiles in Cuba. The shooting down of Anderson's U-2 was later determined to be a rogue Soviet commander without authorization. The Cuban Missile Crisis was probably the closest the world ever came to total nuclear war during the Cold War. Afterward, to facilitate communications between the Soviets and the US in times of crisis, the famed "red phones" were installed in DC and Moscow. Despite concessions on both sides, it is usually considered a victory for the US. Vietnam The peace settlement enabled the US to withdraw from the war and bring home many POWs, but the war significantly harmed American international reputation. The Soviets had scored many Cold War "points" with minimal effort. Unfortunately, neither Vietnamese party followed the settlement, and quickly, the war resumed. Renewed communist invasions overwhelmed the South. Despite Nixon's promises, the US did nothing to help. On April 30, 1975, the capital of South Vietnam, Saigon, fell to the communists and was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. A desperate helicopter evacuation from the US Embassy in Saigon lifted some final US personnel and many South Vietnamese refugees to safety. Many South Vietnamese were forced to face communist vengeance as the North established a communist dictatorship in Vietnam. Afghanistan On Saturday, October 27, Kennedy secretly agreed to remove all US missiles in Turkey in exchange for Khrushchev removing all missiles in Cuba. The shooting down of Anderson's U-2 was later determined to be a rogue Soviet commander without authorization. The Cuban Missile Crisis was probably the closest the world ever came to total nuclear war during the Cold War. Afterward, to facilitate communications between the Soviets and the US in times of crisis, the famed "red phones" were installed in DC and Moscow. Despite concessions on both sides, it is usually considered a victory for the US.
What was the conflict of the Proxy war in Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, and Afghanistan?
Korea: Near the end of World War II, the USSR declared war on Japan. The USSR invaded Korea and liberated this territory from Japan to the 38th parallel (a line drawn on the globe to measure latitude or north and south). US forces moved into South Korea up to the same border. North Korea was renamed the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. South Korea was renamed the Republic of Korea. The USSR supported North Korean leader Kim Il-sung while the US supported South Korean leader Syngman Rhee. Neither South nor North Korea accepted the 38th parallel border as permanent. Cuba In 1961, the US CIA supported an attempted revolution in Cuba called The Bay of Pigs Invasion. The goal was to overthrow Cuban leader Fidel Castro who was supported by the USSR and followed some communist ideology. Vietnam During the Second World War, Japan invaded Vietnam, part of the Indochina French colony. Vietnamese guerrillas, known as the Viet Minh, resisted the Japanese and helped fight WWII with US support. The Japanese were defeated, and French rule was restored. Following the war, Viet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh adopted communist ideology and began to fight against French rule. By the 1950s, the conflict had become caught up in the Cold War. The Soviet Union recognized the Ho Chi Minh's northern People's Republic of Vietnam, while the US supported France, and after the French fall in 1954, the southern State of Vietnam was in conflict with the Viet Minh. Afghanistan In 1973, a corrupt Afghan King was overthrown. For five years, there was upheaval in Afghanistan. Finally, in April 1978, the communist People's Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (PDPA) came to power with the Saur Revolution and renamed the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The Soviets had a strong interest in the region and provided billions in economic and military aid between 1955 and the Saur Revolution in 1978. In December 1978, president Nur Taraki signed an agreement with the Soviets that permitted Soviet intervention if needed by the Afghan government.
How long did communism last in the USSR
Led by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks put Marxist theory into practice with the Russian Revolution of 1917, which led to the creation of the world's first communist government. Communism existed in the Soviet Union until its fall in 1991.
What were the outcomes of the conference Tehran Conference?
Normandy was invaded by Soviet Union
When was The Tehran Conference held?
November, 1943
What is democratic socialism?
Peaceful changes to improve economic conditions - basic human rights, some control, free elections U.S. political movement in recent years, lands somewhere in between social democracy and communism. Like communists, democratic socialists believe workers should control the bulk of the way money is made, and not be subjected to the will of the free market and the capitalist classes. But they believe their vision of socialism must be achieved through democratic processes, rather than revolution.
Why were the Soviets upset after they left Iran?
President Truman bragged that his threats of a possible military confrontation had been the deciding factor, but the Soviet Union and Iran had also reached an agreement that gave the Soviets an oil concession in Iran. With this promise in hand, the Soviets kept their part of the bargain and moved their troops out of Iran in April 1946. Almost immediately, the Iranian government reneged on the oil deal and, with U.S. aid and advice, crushed the revolt in northern Iran.
Why did President Truman and the Soviets think about each other?
President Truman decided that the Soviets were not to be trusted and were bent on expansion, and therefore needed to be contained. The Soviets had decided to take action in Iran because they feared that the British and Americans were conspiring to deny the USSR a sphere of influence in Iran.
What is a proxy war, and where did proxy wars between the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. take place?
Proxy wars = a war instigated by a major power which does not itself become involved.
what is socialism? and why did it emerge
Socialism emerged in response to the extreme economic and social changes caused by the Industrial Revolution, and particularly the struggles of workers. Many workers grew increasingly poor even as factory owners and other industrialists became very wealthy. socialist thinkers had ideas for reorganizing society along the lines of cooperation and community, rather than the competition inherent in capitalism.
how are socialism and communism different?
Socialism: Socialism emerged in response to the extreme economic and social changes caused by the Industrial Revolution, and particularly the struggles of workers. Many workers grew increasingly poor even as factory owners and other industrialists became very wealthy. under socialism, individuals can still own property. But the primary way to generate wealth is communally owned and managed by a democratically elected government. Socialism is a less rigid, more flexible ideology. Its adherents seek change and reform, but insist on making these changes through democratic processes within the existing social and political structure, not overthrowing that structure. socialist economic system rewards individual effort and innovation. Social democracy focuses on achieving social reforms and redistribution of wealth through democratic processes, and can co-exist alongside a free-market capitalist economy._ _______________________________________________ Communism: Under communism, there is no such thing as private property. All property is communally owned, and each person receives a portion based on what they need. A strong central government—the state—controls all aspects of economic production, and provides citizens with their basic necessities, including food, housing, medical care and education. communism, a violent revolution in which the workers rise up against the middle and upper classes is seen as an inevitable part of achieving a pure communist state.
What happened in the Berlin Airlift?
Soviets blockaded Berlin to try and take control of the city. US used an airlift to resupply and help West Berlin hang on. US able to keep West Berlin free from Soviets.
Was the Peoples' Republic of China a major turning point in the development of the Cold War? how?
The "fall" of China to communism set of alarm bells throughout the West US and Western allies viewed creation of PRC as failure of containment US advisors falsely equated Chinese communism with Soviet communism Fears of a domino effect grew, one nation after another falling to communism
what else led up to the Cold War?
The "fall" of China to communism set of alarm bells throughout the West US and Western allies viewed creation of PRC as failure of containment US advisors falsely equated Chinese communism with Soviet communism Fears of a domino effect grew, one nation after another falling to communism Worldwide US intervention was normalized to stop the spread of communism The "Domino theory" was used to justify intervention: if one nation falls to communism others in the region are right behind it
Did all the allied forces withdrew from Iran in 1942?
The 1942 treaty stated that all foreign troops would withdraw within six months after the end of the war. In 1944, however, both Great Britain and the United States began to press the Iranian government for oil concessions (preferences, i.e. good access to oil and favorable oil prices) and the Soviets thereupon demanded concessions of their own. By 1945, the oil situation was still unsettled, but the war was coming to an end and the American attitude toward the Soviet Union had changed dramatically.
What specifically did the "Cold War" come to define?
The Cold War came to define specifically the state of hostility, without direct armed conflict, which existed between the Soviet Eastern bloc and Western capitalist powers after the Second World War.
How did the Cold War start?
The Cold War is usually considered to have started after the end of the Second World War because the conflict arose between the former allies of the US and USSR on how to reorganize the world and proceed in peace.
When was the Iranian crisis?
The Iranian crisis began during World War II, In 1942 Iran signed an agreement by which British and Soviet troops were allowed into the country in order to defend the oil-rich nation from possible German attack. American troops were also soon in Iran.
What was the Iranian crisis?
The Iranian crisis was one of the first tests of power between the United States and the Soviet Union in the postwar world It represents one of the first turning points in the development of the Cold War as the United States struggled to contain the spread of communism and the influence of the USSR.
What was the historical context of mistrust between the US and USSR
The Soviet Union felt it had good cause to mistrust the West: In 1919, Britain, France and the US joined the "White Russians" to fight off the Bolsheviks following the Russian Revolution during their civil war. Although this intervention by the West failed and the Bolsheviks' Red Army won, the USSR government never quite trusted the western democracies after that. The western democracies did not invite the Soviet Union to participate in the World War I peace talks or the League of Nations. The West did not invite the Soviets to the Munich Conference which decided the fate of Czechoslovakia in the years leading up to World War II, even though the Soviet Union had a security pact with Czechoslovakia. The West, for its part, never trusted the Soviet Union: The avowed purpose of the Communist Party was to secure worldwide communist revolution which would therefore oppose capitalist societies. There was a great fear of socialism and communism in Europe and America. The Soviets had negotiated an agreement with Hitler and annexed eastern Poland. By the end of the war, Britain and the United States distrusted the Soviet motives in eastern Europe because Stalin was open about wanting "friendly governments" in Eastern Europe to protect his country's western frontier from another invasion like the recent Nazi invasion.
The Soviets were upset, but did they come back to fight with Iran?
The Soviets were furious, but refrained from reintroducing their armed forces into Iran for fear of creating an escalating conflict with the United States and Great Britain. The Iranian crisis, and the suspicion and anger it created between the United States and the Soviet Union, helped set the tone for the developing Cold War.
Write a Claim: To what extent did the competing ideologies of communism and capitalism play a role in shaping the postwar world?
The competing ideologies of communism and capitalism ___(extent)___ played a role in shaping the postwar world because of (factor 1) and (factor 2).
Where did KMT and Chiang Kai-shek go?
The nationalists (KMT) fled to the island of Taiwan where they established their own government called the Republic of China.
How did China's communism affect the Cold War? Take a guess! How do you think this outcome affected the U.S. and the USSR in the Cold War?
The outcome created more tension between the US and USSR Containment: Communism was not contained which the US wanted. Spread of communism: made USSR happy
What does Churchill claim in "iron curtain speech " that the Soviet Union wanted? What evidence does he offer?
They Soviets want indefinite expansion of their power and doctrines. Evidence: From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.
In China, Why did the Civil war between the Kuomintang Nationalist party (KMT) and the communist party (CPC) pause during WWII?
They held uneasy alliance to fight against Japan during World War II.
1. How was Latin American society structured before the Cold War?
Three centuries of Spanish colonial rule had left much of Latin American communities divided along ethnic and economic lines.
What policy/doctrine drove the U.S. to support the Kuomintang Party (KMT)?
Truman Doctrine: Containment of communism and to stop the domino effect
What countries were involved in The Tehran Conference?
U.S, Britain, Soviet Union
What countries were involved of the Potsdam Conference?
U.S, Britain, Soviet Union
What countries were involved in the Yalta Conference?
U.S, Britain, Soviet, Union
Which countries were involved the Berlin Airlift?
US and USSR
What ideology does the US support? And What ideology does the USSR support?
US will be discussed as supporting the ideologies of capitalism and democracy. The USSR is a bit more complex as the terms communism and socialism will be used. Though the ideological terms are often used interchangeably, socialism and communism are different in key ways.
6. Who were the victims of Operation Condor?
Victims included dissidents and leftists, union and peasant leaders, priests and nuns, students and teachers, intellectuals and suspected communist guerrillas.
How did Western Allies view communism?
Western Allies oversimplified the realities of Communism and misunderstood what the ideology meant in different contexts
8. How did the US attempt to get rid of Castro?
While Castro nationalized industries, the US authorized the C.I.A. to begin working with Cuban resistance groups. Castro had learned from Guatemala, and was able to thwart a coup attempt in 1961. US-backed rebels came to Cuban shores in what became a high-profile embarrassment for the US known as the "Bay of Pigs" Invasion
Was World War II an example of a "hot" or "cold" war?
World War II was a hot war
What is the Cold War?
a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.
What was the Berlin Airlift?
he Allies occupied Germany and divided German territory into four quadrants. The United States, Great Britain, USSR, and France took control of each of the quadrants. The stated goal of these zones was to rehabilitate Germany to rejoin the peaceful community of nati
Was World War II an example of a "hot" or "cold" war? What are the characteristics of a "hot" war? Can you think of any other examples of a "hot" war? What are the characteristics of "cold" war? How is a "cold" war different than a "hot" war? Why do you think the US and USSR chose to fight the Cold War instead of a "hot" one?
hot
What was the first Red Scare?
immediately after World War I, revolved around a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution, and political radicalism
Who did Baruch identify as the US's enemy during the Cold War?
labor unions
Has any country achieved true socialism?
no country in history has achieved a state of pure socialism. Even countries that are considered by some people to be socialist states, like Norway, Sweden and Denmark, have successful capitalist sectors and follow policies that are largely aligned with social democracy. Many European and Latin American countries have adopted socialist programs (such as free college tuition, universal health care and subsidized child care).
Who was Winston Churchill? Why would Americans trust what he has to say about the Soviet Union?
prime minister of England (1940-45) Because their goal is to prevent future war - permanent prevention of war and the establishment of conditions of freedom and democracy as rapidly as possible in all countries.
Why do you think the US and USSR chose to fight the Cold War instead of a "hot" one?
the US and USSR chose to fight the Cold War instead of a "hot" one so they could keep power and not lose military strength. They also didn't want to destroy the rest of the world.
What was the relationship between China and USSR?
the USSR and China followed very different forms of communism, which complicates the issue of containment. While at times, the USSR and People's Republic of China were supportive of one another during the Cold War, at other times they were not.
What happened to prompt George Orwell to first use the term "cold war"?
the United States bombed Japan.
What do you think Orwell meant by "peace that is no peace"?
the impact of a powerful weapon so expensive and difficult to produce that it was attainable by only a handful of nations creating tension
2. What was occurring in many places throughout the region as the Cold War began?
the industrialized nations of the world practiced economic imperialism in the region, which left many resources in foreign hands and kept in place a rigid social hierarchy with a few wealthy landowners at the top and a much larger population of poor peasants at the bottom.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection.
What was Karl Mark's ideology?
working class (or proletariat) would inevitably triumph over the wealthy class (bourgeoisie) and win control over the means of production (the way to make money), forever erasing all classes. From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs." By contrast, socialism is based on the idea that people will be compensated based on their level of individual contribution to the economy.
