HIV/AIDS (evolve, notes)

The nurse working in an HIV testing and treatment clinic plans teaching about antiretroviral therapy for: A. A patient who tested positive for HIV 3 years ago and has developed tuberculosis B. A male health care worker who is HIV negative but has unprotected sex with men C. A patient who was infected with HIV 10 years ago and has a CD4+ T-cell count of 650/ul D. A patient with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy who was exposed to HIV 2 years previously

A.

When teaching a patient infected with HIV regarding transmission of the virus to others, which of the following statements made by the patient would identify a need for further education? A. "I will need to isolate any tissues I use so as not to infect my family." B. "I will notify all of my sexual partners so they can get tested for HIV." C. "Unprotected sexual contact is the most common mode of transmission." D. "I do not need to worry about spreading this virus to others by sweating at the gym."

A. HIV is not spread casually. The virus cannot be transmitted through hugging, dry kissing, shaking hands, sharing eating utensils, using toilet seats, or attending school with an HIV-infected person. It is not transmitted through tears, saliva, urine, emesis, sputum, feces, or sweat.

Standard precautions should be used when providing care for A. all patients, regardless of diagnosis. B. pediatric and gerontologic patients. C. patients who are immunocompromised. D. patients with a history of infectious diseases.

A. Standard precautions are designed for all care of all patients in hospitals and health care facilities.

The nurse informs the patient with a bacterial pneumonia that the most important factor in antibiotic treatment is that: A. Antibiotics should have been used to prevent pneumonia B. All of the supplied antibiotics should be taken even when symptoms have resolved C. Enough antibiotics for 2 days treatment should be reserved in case symptoms recur D. Patients should request antibiotics for upper respiratory infections to prevent development of streptococcal-related diseases

B.

When was blood screening for HIV instituted in Canada? A. 1980 B. 1985 C. 1990 D. 1995

B.

The nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with HIV. The patient asks what would determine the actual development of AIDS. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for AIDS? A. Presence of HIV antibodies B. CD4+ T-cell count <200/µL C. White blood cell count <5000/µL D. Presence of oral hairy leukoplakia

B. Diagnostic criteria for AIDS include a CD4+ T-cell count

A hospital has seen a recent increase in the incidence of health care-associated infections (HAIs). Which of the following measures should be prioritized in the response to this trend? A. Use of gloves during patient contact B. Frequent and thorough hand washing C. Prophylactic, broad-spectrum antibiotics D. Fitting and appropriate use of N95 masks

B. Handwashing remains the mainstay of the prevention of health care-associated infections (HAIs). Gloves, masks, and antibiotics may be appropriate in specific circumstances, but none of these replaces the central role of vigilant, thorough hand hygiene.

The nurse is providing care for a patient who has been living with HIV for several years. Which of the following assessment findings most clearly indicates an acute exacerbation of the disease? A. A new onset of polycythemia B. Presence of mononucleosis-like symptoms C. A sharp decrease in the patient's CD4+ count D. A sudden increase in the patient's WBC count

C. A decrease in CD4+ count signals an exacerbation of the severity of HIV. Polycythemia is not characteristic of the course of HIV. A patient's WBC count is very unlikely to suddenly increase, with decreases being typical. Mononucleosis-like symptoms such as malaise, headache, and fatigue are typical of early HIV infection and seroconversion.

A diagnosis of AIDS can be made for a patient with HIV with: A. A CD4+ T-cell count of <500/ul B. A WBC count of <3000/ul (3 x 10^9/L) C. Development of oral candidiasis (thrush) D. Onset of Pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia

D.

______ is a significant problem for the majority of AIDS patients due to enteric pathogens and direct effects of HIV on intestinal cells

Diarrhea

TRUE OR FALSE Although needle exchange programs reduce the incidence of HIV in IV drug users, they also increase use of illegal drugs

False

TRUE OR FALSE Standard precautions apply to all body fluids except saliva

False. including saliva

TRUE OR FALSE Although HIV can be contracted in several ways, unsafe sex is the most frequent mode of transmission

True

TRUE OR FALSE An HIV patient with tuberculosis may manifest a negative response to a tuberculin skin test

True

TRUE OR FALSE Recurrent vaginal candidiasis may be the first sign of HIV infection women

True

Mother-to-child transmission of HIV is most likely to occur during _____

childbirth

Post-exposure prophylaxis for health care workers exposed to HIV involves taking antiretroviral drugs for ___ weeks

four

Results of antiretroviral therapy are evaluated using viral ___ tests

load

Loss of immune competence puts the patient with HIV at increased risk for ______infections such as Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

opportunistic