HM Manual CH 22 Poisoning and Drug Abuse

Approximately how many stingray attacks are reported annually in the U.S

1,800

For treating a toxin form a poison fish ,he water should be as hot as the victim can tolerate but not hotter than ____

114ºF

Which of the following is the method of choice for the HM to use to induce vomiting? Which of the following is the method of choice for the HM to use to induce vomiting?

15-30 cc of syrup of Ipecac

The sea snake injects a poison that has_____ times the toxicity of cobra venom.

2 to 10

What is the mortality rate from reviving a sting from a cone shaped shell?

25%

About how many species of scorpions exist in America.

40

Less than how many percent of poisons have specific antidotes

5 %

How many hours after the last dose does narcotic withdraw normally peak?

72 hrs

Symptoms of a black widow spider bite may include severe pain, dyspnea, and ______ .

Abdominal rigidity

What adsorbs many substances in the stomach and prevents absorption into the body.

Activated charcoal (AC)

You find a patient that has been sung by a wasps, the patient has a history of bee allergies, the patient breaks into hives and is having difficulty breathing? what should you administer to the patient?

Administer an auto injector syringe with epinephrine to the lateral portion of the patients thigh

Treatment for an inhalation poisoning victim includes all of the following EXCEPT?

Administration of stimulants

A patient presents with dilated pupils, fever, dry skin, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, and increased heart rate. What toxidrome does this set of symptoms suggest?

Anticholinergic

The HM noticed a Marine was stung by a scorpion, the Marine is experiencing muscle cramping, how would the HM relieve the Marine's symptom?

Calcium gluconate, 10 ml of 10 percent solution given intravenously

Marijuana falls into which of the following categories of drugs?

Cannabis

Which agent derives from contact source from Disinfectants, dry batteries, paint removers, photo materials, wood preservatives?

Carbolic

Of the following, which is considered the most common agent in inhalation poisoning?

Carbon monoxide

What is the most common agent of gas poisoning.

Carbon monoxide

Which type of inhalation poison is found in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines as well as in sewer gas, lanterns, charcoal grills, and in manufactured gas used for heating and cooking?

Carbon monoxide

In caring for drug-intoxicated persons, the HM should perform what actions as the first priority?

Check for an adequate airway

A patient presents with increase salivation, lacrimation, urination, and muscle weakness. What toxic syndrome does this set of symptoms suggest

Cholinergic

What type of poisoning is fish poisoning caused by eating the flesh of a fish that has eaten a toxin-producing

Ciguatera

The victim of a scorpion sting may safely be given any of the following pharmaceuticals EXCEPT?

Demerol or morphine

What is used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients.

Dronabinol

Which group of snales will cause death results from neurotoxic venom that causes respiratory failure, paralysis, and cardiac failure?

Elapidae

Prior to deployments and operational commitments, commands are strongly suggested to contact which preventive med entity that deals with ecific, medical intelligence, and surveillance data. With this information at hand, the local preventive medicine authority can identify, prevent, and treat conditions not common to the homeport area?

Environmental Preventive Medicine Unit (EPMU)

In conjunction with anti venom for snake bite ,what should be given to treat anaphilaxis?

Epinephrine and diphenhydramin

23. The most widely abused drug(s) is/are?

Ethanol

When a patient ingests an acid or base treatment is to give a neutralizing agent orally. True or False

False

Withdrawal from barbiturates is less life threatening than narcotic withdrawal. True or False

False

inducing unnecessary vomiting to discourage a patient from repeating a voluntary ingestion should be the primary treatment of ingested poison true or false?

False

A person may display which of the following sign(s) after using a hallucinogenic drug?

Flushed face

If the HM is unable to reach the poison control center or a physician for specific instructions, how should the HM treat a victim who has ingested turpentine?

Give 1 to 2 ounces of vegetable oil orally

Which of the following is not a symptom of alcohol abuse?

Increased level of consciousness

What has the potential of damaging the mouth and esophagus in which can result in perforation of the esophagus or stomach?

Inducing vomit

What is the most common route of exposure to toxic chemicals in the home?

Ingested

What are s are potentially dangerous, volatile chemicals that are not meant for human consumption.

Inhalant

Substances such as automatic dishwasher detergent, diluted ammonia, and chlorine bleach can produce local irritation to the mucous membranes and potentially cause mild chemical burns are a prime example of what kind of an ingested poison?

Irritants

Ipecac syrup is the most commonly used substance to which an HM will have access and what kind of poison does it treat?

Noncorrosive

On patrol, a member of the unit receives a rattlesnake bite just below the elbow. What first aid treatment should be performed?

Place a constricting band 2 inches proximal to the bite site below the elbow

The Puffer, Surgeon, Trigger, and Parrot fish are known to be_________.

Poisonous at all times

What are the first 2 steps in treating a Sea Urchins venom?

Remove large spine fragments gently from the wound,he the wound in vinegar or isopropyl alcohol. Soaking the injured extremity in hot water up to 122ºF

Antivenin is available to neutralize the effects of the following types of Coelenterates?

Sea wasp, box jellyfish

Persons who regularly abuse inhalants risk which of the following injuries?

Severe brain damage 2. Damaged internal organs 3. Death

There are how many steps in the initial evaluation and follow-on poison management:

Six

Crotalids are identified by ______ .

Slit-like pupils of the eyes 2. Flat, triangular heads

A person suffering from a Venomous Fish sting should?

Soak the wound in hot water for 30 to 90 minutes

What are composed of minute multicellular animals with spicules of silica or calcium carbonate embedded in a fibrous skeleton.

Sponges

What is the most dangerous jellyfish known to man?

The sea wasp or box jellyfish

What is the key identifying feature of the North American coral snake that distinguishes it from other snakes with similar markings?

The yellow band is always next to the red band

ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF THE PATIENT IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN EFFORT TO IDENTIFY AND TREAT A SPECIFIC POISON True or Fasle

True

Poisoning is defined as contact with or exposure to a toxic substance True or False

True

Toxicology is defined as the science of poisons. True or False

True

Valuable information on the anti-venom is found in the package inserts. True and False

True

What group of snakes Includes rattlesnakes, moccasins, South American lance-headed vipers and bushmasters, Asian pit vipers, African and Asian vipers and adders which produce death by their venom coagulopathy (a blood clotting disorder) and shock?

Viperidae

A patient presents exhibiting signs of anaphylactic reaction to a bee or wasp sting. Of the following, which is NOT considered appropriate treatment?

Warm packs over the sting site

Can Morphine and meperidine hydrochloride (Demorl) worsen the respiratory depression from the venom of Centruroides exilicauda. (Scorpion)

Yes

Identify the fish with which there is antivenom available.

Zebra Fish, Scorpion Fish, Stonefish

Injection of venom by stings and bites from various insects and arthropods, while not normally life-threatening, can cause what kind of signs and symptoms

anaphylactic reactions, presenting with itching, swelling, weakness, headache, difficulty breathing, and abdominal cramps

What is identified by its violin-shaped marking. Its bite may initially go unnoticed, but after several hours, a bleb develops over the site, and rings of erythema begin to surround the bleb producing enlarging necrotic ulcerating lesions?

brown recluse spider

Central nervous system stimulants are used for all of the following EXCEPT?

decrease mental alertness

What is a preferred method for emptying the contents of the stomach?

emetic

There are ____ venomous families of snakes.

five

After a single inhaled dose of marijuana, a subjective "high" begins in several minutes and is gone within how many hours.

four

Next to cocaine, What is the most popular narcotic drug because of its intense euphoria and long-lasting effect.

heroin

Signs and symptoms of stimulant intoxication include all of the following EXCEPT?

increased appetite

In the Navy and in other industrial settings, ______ is the more common route of exposure to toxic substances

inhalation

local actions of an ingested poison can have through what means?

irritant, acidic (corrosive), or basic (caustic) effects at the site of contact

Most efforts to decontaminate the stomach through gastric ______ or activated charcoal to remove an ingested poison have little value more than one hour after ingestion

lavage

If Xylocaine with epinephrine is used to treat pain from toxins of parrot fish what will result?

local necrosis

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is due to what kind of shell fish that produce neurotoxins that affect man?

mollusks (bivalves) such as clams, oysters, and mussels

A soldier received a snake from a rattle snake to the right forearm, how should the affected armed be positioned?

position lower than the level of the heart

The aims of first aid for envenomated snakebites consist of?

reduce - not stop - the circulation of blood through the bite area, delay absorption of venom, prevent aggravation of the local wound, maintain vital signs, and transport the victim as soon as possible

The venom of the blue-ringed octopus is a neuromuscular blocker called_______ and is also found in Puffer (Fugu) fish.

tetrodotoxin

In the Navy,what is the most common cause of MFF in the inhalation found in the galvanized covering of iron and steel?

vaporized zinc