HMGT 1450 Exam 2

Alcohol has many nutritional effects on the body. Check the problems that can be caused by consuming excessive amounts of alcohol.

Thiamin deficiency Low blood glucose Folate deficiency

People commonly describe an episode of vomiting and diarrhea as the stomach flu when in fact it is food or water borne illness.

True

Pregnancy increases iron and folate needs by 50%.

True

Undernutrition in pregnancy can have lifelong consequences for mother and child. Select all of the statements that apply to undernutrition in pregnancy.

Undernutrition in the pregnant woman can lead to premature birth. Undernutrition in the pregnant woman can lead to breathing problems in the baby. Undernutrition in the pregnant woman can lead to increased risk of the mother dying during childbirth.

Baking soda is and in cooking water it destroys some of the vitamins in foods.

alkaline

Vitamin C in foods is unstable in the presence of heat, light, and .

alkaline conditions

Pepsin is .

an enzyme

This colloquial term describes a central body fat shape.

apple

Which of the following is NOT a functions of dietary magnesium?

assist in blood clotting

The amount of protein that you need each day is measured in these units.

grams

Chromium works with this hormone to move glucose into body cells.

insulin

This hormone is a protein.

insulin

This structural protein makes your skin waterproof.

keratin

These units are used to measure body weight when calculating protein needs.

kilograms

This is a vegetarian diet that includes milk and dairy products.

lactovegetarian

A free radical causes this change in a fatty acid.

makes it unstable

This term describes the sum of all the chemical changes that occur in living cells.

metabolism

The American College of Sports Medicine recommends this minimum physical activity level for adults under 65 years of age.

moderate intense physical activity for 150 minutes per week

This B-vitamin is sometimes used to treat high blood cholesterol levels.

niacin

Which of the following formulas is a quick way to calculate basal metabolic rate for a woman?

0.9 kcal/hr

Put the following components of a healthy maternal weight gain in order from greatest (1) to least (5) number of pounds gained by the end of pregnancy.

1) Mother's added fat, protein, and tissue fluid 2) Fetus 3) Mother's blood 4) Amniotic fluid 5) Placenta

Which of the following statements is a recommended practice for infant feeding in developing countries?

New mothers should breastfeed exclusively for the first 6 months, and then continue breastfeeding while adding solid foods to their babies' diet.

This factor significantly influences the accuracy of skinfold thickness measurements of body fat.

Number of sites measured

Which of the following factors contribute to undernutrition in developing countries? (Check all that apply.)

Overpopulation Cultural traditions Unsanitary water supplies Wars

Consuming alcohol during pregnancy can cause a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, resulting in impaired physical and intellectual development. What's the current recommendation regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy?

Pregnant women should avoid alcoholic beverages at all stages of pregnancy.

The final step of protein digestion takes place in this organ.

small intestine

Lawrence spoke with a friend about his efforts to lose weight safely and permanently. The friend said that she had recently followed a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet for 4 weeks and lost 10 pounds. Why does a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet often promote rapid initial weight loss? (Check all that apply.)

The body produces less glycogen when carbohydrate intake is low and uses much of its stored glycogen to supply glucose for energy. Tissues maintain about 3 grams of water with each gram of glycogen, so a reduction in body glycogen content results in the need for less water to store with it.

A poorly planned vegetarian diet might be low in this vitamin.

vitamin B-12

This vitamin is lost when broccoli is cooked in water.

vitamin C

One pound of body fat represents this many calories.

3500

Obese people may be able to have surgery to help them lose weight. Complete each sentence with the appropriate term.

A bariatric surgical procedure that's relatively easy to reverse is called adjustable gastric banding. Weight loss after gastric banding tends to be less than with the more invasive surgical procedures. A sleeve gastrectomy procedure reduces the stomach's size but doesn't bypass part of the small intestine. Therefore, nutrient absorption isn't reduced. During the Roux-en-Y procedure, the surgeon uses staples to reduce the obese patient's stomach capacity, then cuts the small intestine and attaches the lower end of it to the newly formed stomach pouch.

Consuming a vegan diet can provide some health advantages as well as some disadvantages. Indicate whether each statement about a vegan diet describes a health advantage or disadvantage by dragging the statement to its correct classification.

Advantage: High in fiber Low in saturated fat High in magnesium High in vitamin C Disadvantage: Low in energy, particularly for growing children Low in omega-3 fatty acids

Eating disorders and disordered eating can manifest in a number of different ways. Match each of the disordered eating scenarios with the potential diagnosis or type of eating disorder.

Anorexia Nervosa: Laurie is a 20-year-old college student who became obsessed with losing weight after her boyfriend broke up with her. Over the past year, she's lost 40 pounds, but she still thinks she's too fat. She hasn't had a menstrual period in over 9 months. Female athlete triad: Melissa is an elite gymnast who's very competitive. To improve her performance, she's lost a lot of weight over the past 6 months. Last week, she broke her ankle after falling off the balance beam. Bulimia nervosa: Jim is a college wrestler who struggles to keep his weight down. After wrestling events, he binges on chips, pizza, and doughnuts. Within a few minutes after bingeing, he makes himself vomit in the empty field that's next to the college gym. Binge-eating disorder: Deanna is obese. Whenever she's depressed, she eats large quantities of various foods that supply lots of empty calories. She makes no effort to purge after eating, so she gains more weight. She recently told her mother, "Eating is the only thing that makes me happy."

Match the personal description with an eating disorder or disordered eating practice.

Anorexia nervosa: Sophia's BMI is 16.2, but she thinks she's fat. To avoid gaining weight, she consumes less than 600 kcal per day Disordered Eating: Marcus's BMI is 23.6. He's usually too busy to eat breakfast, and the often skips lunch, too. By dinner time, he's so hungry, he consumes a large amount of food. His friends don't understand why he doesn't gain weight. Bulimia Nervosa: Russ's BMI is 24.6. When he's feeling lonely, he'll eat 5 cheeseburgers, 2 large servings of French fries, and 2 doughnuts as a meal. Soon after eating the food, he finds a bathroom and makes himself vomit into a toilet. Binge-eating disorder: Maggie's BMI is 38.7. She's very depressed. In less than an hour, she'll consume a bag of chocolate chip cookies, half a gallon of ice cream, and a couple slices of cherry pie. She doesn't exercise or use laxatives.

Energy balance reflects your energy intake and energy output. Drag the scenario to its appropriate energy balance classification.

At the end of the semester, you spend an entire day studying for exams. If you consume 1,500 kcal that day, your energy balance status is in equilibrium During spring-break, you go on an all-day hike. If you consume 2,200 kcal and you brung 2,750 kcal that day, your energy balance status is in negative balance In July, you spend a day walking around the county fair and sampling the fair foods. If you consume 2,400 kcal that day, your energy balance is in positive balance

Which of the following is NOT a recommendation of an international team that studied sustainable agriculture?

Avoid foods that are grown using GMO

Dolores was 4 months pregnant when she discovered she was going to have a baby. Before learning about her pregnancy, she consumed moderate amounts of alcohol and, at times, she'd binge drink. Based on this information, which of the following health problems or defects is her baby likely to have when it's born? (Check all that apply.)

Heart defects Facial deformities Lower than normal intelligence

Quinn is six months old. What factors determine whether Quinn is ready to eat solid foods? Check all that apply.

Quinn no longer thrusts her tongue forward to push food out of her mouth. Quinn can sit up with back support. Quinn can control her mouth, head, and neck.

According to this theory body fat content is genetically predetermined.

Set-point theory

Many familiar foods can have toxic levels of vitamins.

false

Medically sound weight loss plans often leave you feeling deprived.

false

Minerals don't occur naturally in food and must be added.

false

Most Americans consume adequate amounts of potassium.

false

There are no plant-based foods that contain protein of high quality comparable to that from animals.

false

This food is a high-quality source of protein.

fish

This mineral strengths bones and teeth.

fluoride

This vitamin tends to associate with watery components in foods.

folate

A person who ____ has a higher risk of developing an eating disorder than a person who does not have this characteristic.

is overly concerned about his or her body shape

This term describes the amino acids in a food that are in amounts too low to manufacture (synthesize) proteins for growth, repair, and maintenance.

limiting amino acid

Plumpy'nut contains micronutrients and

peanuts, powdered milk, oil, and sugar.

Sudha is a 3-year-old girl living in a developing nation that has millions of children suffering from protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). She is likely to have PEM if she experiences _____.

poor physical growth

This period of life lasts from conception to birth.

prenatal

Adequate dietary carbohydrates spare this macronutrient from being used for energy during exercise.

protein

Conventional farming creates problems for the environment. An international team of experts proposed some steps to help solve such problems, including

relying more on growing pest-resistant crops and using other integrated pest management techniques.

What type of vitamin A is found in eggs?

retinol

All body cells contain protein

true

Foods rich in vitamins and phytochemicals are the most effective dietary approach to reducing cancer risk.

true

It is possible to consume toxic levels of caffeine by drinking energy drinks.

true

Municipal water supplies are often the source of water in purchased bottles.

true

Obesity is a risk factor for breast cancer.

true

Panthothenic acids, biotin, and choline are widely distributed in foods and deficiencies are uncommon.

true

Prolonged supplementation with 20,000 IU/day of vitamin D can cause calcium deposits to build in the heart and kidneys.

true

The body does not make essential amino acids which must be supplied by foods.

true

This vitamin is needed for the liver to produce bile.

vitamin C

Why is an ounce of cheddar cheese low in vitamin C?

vitamin C is water-soluble and cheese is low in water

This vitamin reduces the rate at which the kidneys eliminate calcium.

vitamin D

This vitamin tends to associate with body fats.

vitamin D

Supplementing with an excess of one mineral your ability to absorb other minerals.

decreases

When tissue levels are chronically low a vitamin occurs.

deficiency

This is a realistic six-month weight loss goal for an overfat adult.

10% of current weight

What is the U.S. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein as a percent of daily energy intake?

10-35%

Under normal conditions protein is metabolized to provide no more than this percent of daily calorie needs.

15%

The Adequate Intake (AI) for water for men is about cups daily.

15.5

How many different amino acids are in the human body? (number only)

20

Which of the following is the closest value to the daily basal metabolic rate for a women who needs approximately 84 kilocalories per hour to maintain?

2000

A man with this percent body fat is overweight.

22%

Complete each sentence with the appropriate cancer-related term.

An agent that is cancer-causing is said to be carcinogenic. Cancerous cells that divide repeatedly and frequently and do not die are called malignant cells. If these cells grow together to form masses, the masses are called malignant tumors. Cancerous cells move to and invade other parts of the body. When cancer spreads to other tissues, the disease has metastasized.

Determine whether each factor increases or decreases with regular, moderate physical activity.

Decreased by exercise: Colon cancer risk Depression and anxiety Breast cancer risk Type 2 diabetes risk Increased by exercise: Longer, healthier life Muscle mass Strength, flexibility, and balance Ability to control weight Psychological well-being

Which of the following factors does not directly influence metabolic rate?

Ethnicity

Determine whether each statement about alcohol is true or false.

False: Alcohol digestion is a complicated process The majority of alcohol detoxification Drinking coffee and taking multivitamins expedites alcohol detoxification True: Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach speeds up the rate at which alcohol enters the bloodstream when compared to drinking after eating Generally speaking, a woman who is of comparable size to a man will get drunk more quickly when she consumes the same amount of alcohol Binge drinking is classified as five or more drinks per occasion for males and four or more drinks per occasion for females

Review the following descriptions of individuals' weight-loss behaviors. Check the behaviors that are recommended by registered dietitians because they're safe and reliable. (Check all that apply.)

Franklin weighs himself every day. When Herb orders a meal at a restaurant, he eats only half of the food and takes the rest home to eat the following day. When Cher wakes up in the morning, she always has a nutrient-dense breakfast.

What's the safest way to store fresh whole eggs?

Keep the eggs in their original carton and store the in the refrigerator

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is true?

Malignant cells require more nutrients than normal cells

Complete each sentence about the causes of food-borne illness.

Microbes that can cause disease are called pathogens. Simple single-celled microorganisms such as Salmonella and Clostridium are types of bacteria. Another potential source of food-borne illnesses are viruses, which are microscopic agents that can cause disease. Food-borne illness can also be caused by microbes that live on dead or decaying organic matter. These kinds of microbes are called fungi. When some microbes contaminate food, they produce chemicals that irritate the intestinal tract and cause food intoxication.

Which of the following is an example of cross-contamination of food?

Using the same cutting board for slicing carrots that was used to quarter raw chicken

There are many different types of vegetarian diets. Some vegetarians consume no animal products and others combine plant sources of food with certain animal foods. Match the vegetarian diet with its definition.

Vegan: Eats only plant foods Semivegetarian: Avoids meat but eats eggs, fish, and dairy foods. Ovovegetarian: Plant-based diet with added eggs for animal protein Lactoovovegetarian: Plant-based diet with added eggs for animal protein

Which of the following physical activities requires the LEAST amount of energy in terms of kilocalories/hour?

Weight training

Celiac disease is a condition characterized by intestinal damage that is caused by a reaction to a particular dietary protein. A person with celiac disease should avoid all of the following snacks or meals, except _____.

a casserole made with quinoa

At an outdoor picnic, you should avoid all of the following foods, except

a chilled macaroni salad that has an internal temperature of 35°F.

Light colored urine is a sign of hydration.

adequate

Which of the following is not a mineral needed by the body?

calcite

Lawrence doesn't know that long-term energy imbalance will lead to a change in his body weight. He can expect to gain weight when his

caloric intake exceeds his energy expenditure.

When dissolved in water this type of mineral has an electrical charge.

electrolyte

When compared to soft water, hard water is usually in calcium and magnesium.

higher

This term describes water status in the body.

hydration

A legume is this part of a plant.

pod

This type of fat insulates the body and keeps it warm in cold temperatures.

subcutaneous

A vegetarian diet generally ____ than a "Western diet."

supplies more dietary fiber

A deficiency of this vitamin causes beriberi.

thiamin

A food intolerance is not caused by the immune system.

true

Alcohol is a risk factor for mouth and throat cancer.

true

Match each vitamin with its role in the body.

vitamin E: antioxidant defense choline: growth and development vitamin B-12: red blood cell formation

Long term antibiotic therapy causes a deficiency of this vitamin by negatively affecting beneficial bacteria in the large intestine .

vitamin K

This vitamin produces blood clotting factors.

vitamin K

Regina knows that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Match the type of alcohol with its serving size that constitutes one drink:

Beer: 12 oz per serving Wine: 5 oz per serving Liquor: 1.5 oz is one serving

The only treatment for celiac disease is a gluten-free diet. Determine whether each food or ingredient is gluten-free or contains gluten.

Gluten-free: Corn Rice Processed soy Gluten-containing: Macaroni made from wheat flour Rye cracker Barley cereal

Complete each sentence with the appropriate pregnancy-related term.

During the first 8 weeks, the fertilized egg divides rapidly to form a mass of cells that increases in size and begins to form organs. At this stage, the developing human being is an embryo. From 8 weeks after conception until birth, the developing human being is referred to as a fetus. During most of pregnancy, the placenta is the organ responsible for nutrient and oxygen transfer from the mother to the developing human being. A developing human being generally needs to spend at least 37 weeks within the uterus to survive after birth without the need for special care. A fetus that's born before the 37th week is premature. At birth, a healthy, mature fetus usually weighs about 6 to 8 pounds and is 19 to 21 inches long. An infant weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds is considered low-birth-weight.

Determine whether the statement in the left-hand column is describing a situation of food security or food insecurity.

Food secure: "Everyone in my household has access to food that keeps them healthy." "We have a lot of medical expenses, but never so much that we don't have enough money to purchase foods that are good for our health." Food insecure: "I am on a fixed income and oftentimes choose between filling my medicine prescriptions or buying food." "We always have enough money for food at the end of the month, but by the end of the month, we sometimes run out of money for food."

Registered dietitian nutritionists generally don't recommend that healthy people consume more than the RDA amount of protein. Which of the following statements about excessive protein intakes is true? (Check all that apply.) For some people, excess protein intakes may contribute to kidney stones. Some athletes may need to consume amounts of protein that are higher than the RDA. You can build bigger muscles simply by eating high amounts of protein. The best way to obtain protein is to consume dietary supplements that contain whey.

For some people, excess protein intakes may contribute to kidney stones. Some athletes may need to consume amounts of protein that are higher than the RDA.

Table salt is composed of sodium and .

chloride

This is the only MyPlate food group that is not a good source of vitamin E.

dairy

This fluid surrounds the outside of cells.

extracellular

A complementary combination of protein foods contains animal sources.

false

BMI (Body Mass Index) is an accurate predictor of your risk of developing diseases associated with body fat.

false