HNF 150- Exam 1

Food labels include percentages for most nutrients listed. What are these percentages based on?

% of Daily Values (DV's)

What is the energy value of carbs?

4 kcal/g

Suppose it is determined that 50 mg of a vitamin is enough for 50% of Americans to avoid deficiency and 98 mg of the same vitamin is enough so that 98% of Americans avoid deficiency. Where will the Food and Nutrition Board set the RDA for the population?

98 mg

Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by ________.

Bacteria

Identify an example of whole foods.

Dried Beans

Which of the following steps comes after the hypothesis and prediction step in the scientific method?

Experiment

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is caused by bacterial pathogens

False

Plasma is the fluid in blood and lymph that is contained within cells.

False

True/False: The Institute of Medicine establishes an EAR and RDA for ALL nutrients.

False

The most energy-rich nutrient is:

Fat

In advanced liver diseases due to alcoholism, what occurs before fibrosis and cirrhosis?

Fatty accumulation in the liver

The hormone responsible for the release of glucose from the liver is:

Glucagon

Sucrose, maltose, and lactose all contain what monosaccharide?

Glucose

The leading cause of peptic ulcer disease is

Helicobacter pylori infection

Which of the following foods is not a major source of soluble fibers?

Milk

Which of the following is an associated characteristic of Type 2 Diabetes?

Obesity

A compound of long strands of glucose units linked together is a

Polysaccharide

The stomach's main function is the denaturation of what nutrient?

Protein

Most nutrients are absorbed in the ________, then transported through the blood to the _______ which chemically alters the nutrients to make them better suited for use by the tissues.

Small Intestine, Liver

Which of the following does NOT occur as part of the flight or fight response?

The digestive system speeds up

Diarrhea is most often caused by bacterial or viral infection of the GI tract.

True

Malnutrition includes deficiencies, imbalances, and excesses of nutrients, alone or in combination, any of which can take a toll on health over time.

True

Probiotics may be most useful in treating

diarrhea

The Food and Drug Administration defines "health claim" as a claim made by food manufacturers that describes the relationships between:

food constituents and diseases or conditions

A functional food is a food that:

has nutrients added that may give nutritional benefits or help protect against diseases

All of the following are health benefits of insoluble fiber except

it reduces excessive gas in the large intestine

The breakdown of fat that occurs when carbohydrates are not available produces:

ketone bodies

Most digestive enzymes are synthesized by the

pancreas and small intestine

The digestion of food includes the mechanical actions of

peristalsis waves to move the food down through the digestive tract

What are the two types of fiber?

soluble and insoluble

The term essential describes a nutrient that:

the body cannot make for itself and must be found in food

A person can eat when hunger is absent because:

the conscious mind of the cortex can override the body's signals

The major function(s) of the stomach is/are

to mix ingested foods with gastric juices to form chyme

The kidneys are waste- and _____-removal specialists.

water