Hobby abnormal roughly ch. 16-19

what proportion of nursing home residents is receiving antipsychotic drugs?

1/3

what percentage of the elderly now uses facebook?

45%

According to the US supreme court the standard for clear and convincing proof is

75% certainty

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people

They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors

lets try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system. someone saying this would most likely favor which approach

a dimensional approach

psychodymic theorists explain ocd as a fixation at the

anal stage

One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that the afflicted individuals

are frequently unaware that they have a problem

like those with paranoid pd, those with avoidant pd usually

are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships

the mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. a child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it most likely would be diagnosed with

autism spectrum disorder

most common fear among those 95 and older

a fear of losing mental abilities

will that program really help? i keep hearing bad things about how kids act once they leave. based on research, the person who said this would be accurate if she or he were expressing reservations about

a juvenile training center

according to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on info they have no way of knowing is not present in children with autism spectrum disorder. this ability is called

a theory of mind

a child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent pd. the therapist who would be least surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation

behavioral

giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial pd. this is most likely what view

behavioral

group therapy is a good option for those with dependent pd; theyll be able to observe others' coping skills and model them. this statement would most likely be made by a therapist having which theoretical perspective

behavioral

the 2 most common treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been

behavioral and drug therapies

the most common and successful treatments for encopresis are

behavioral and medical treatments

the fact that children may learn antisocial behavior by modeling parental conflict and aggressiveness provides support for

behavioral theory

a child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell and heads for the bathroom. most likel the child is receiving

behavioral therapy for enuresis

what is the best educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum?

being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education

assume a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial pd shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other people when they lie or con others. this outcome would most strongly support which theoretical position

biological

a client has enlarged brain ventricals and a measurable loss of gray matter. these symptoms are

biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder

Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. she felt andgry and empty. Lisa's feelings are most similar to those of someone with which pd

borderline

theres nothing out there for me. i cant stand other ppl and i cant stand myself either. im just really mad rn. such a statement would most likely to be made by someone with which pd

borderline

transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. his history showed other self destructive behaviors and recklessness. most likely, if the man is diagnosed with a pd it will be

borderline

the inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological emotional or physiological states is characteristic of both

borderline pd and eating disorders

DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing

categorical approach

An individual diagnosed with schizoid pd reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. these findings would make the most sense to a theorist with which background

cognitive

a person experiencing paranoid personality disorder frequently says things like "you've got to get them before they get you," if these sayings reflect maladaptive assumptions, theorist that would not be surprised would have what?

cognitive

when dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline pd, those patients, compared to patients receiving other forms of therapy, make

for fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often

the principle of parens patriae permits the state to make decisions that promote an individuals best interest. it has been used to support the process

guilt by reason of insanity

civil commitment is for a person who

has been forced to undergo mental health treatment

anxiety among the elderly is related to

health

Research has found that borderline pd is more common among

hispanic americans

beatlemania gripped the US in the 1960s when the british rock group the beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, characteristics of

historic pd

when the seat belt light in DiDis car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. she always curves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. she probably could receive a diagnosis of

historic pd

there is a new game called moods where one acts out the mood listed on a card. being encouraged to play this game is most like the treatment _______- mich use for those with schizoid disorders

cognitive therapists

a child is extremely aggressive. she is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. she never tells the truth. her most likely diagnosis is

conduct disorder

the 2 childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial pd are

conduct disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

a child sneaks out of the home every now and then and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. these behaviors most closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder?

covert-destructive

at a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. this behavior most closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder

covert-nondestructive

with alzheimers disease, physical health usually

declines less rapidly than mental health

if an individual has damage to the prefrontal cortex, which symptom would most likely be observed

deficits in planning, self control, and decision making

a person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is most likely to qualify for a diagnosis of

dependent pd

a child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. this child is undergoing

dry-bed training for enuresis

a man killed another man with whom he was fighting. at his trial he claimed that he did not know what he was doing bc he was drunk. under which insanity standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity

durham test

according to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the development of avoidant pd is

early experiences of shame

An individual seeking help from a geropsychologist is most likely

elderly

childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult disorders are called

elimination disorders

which is not a goal of parent child interaction therapy

encouraging parents to act consistently with their child

from which pair of disorders is a child most likely to recover by adulthood

enuresis and encopresis

the category of odd personality disorders includes the traits of

extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities

you read a case study about a 10 year old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. this case is

farily common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most collom victims of sexual abuse

which is most characteristic of mass murderers

feelings of persecution and desire for revenge

a petient receiving dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline pd experiences an emotion that he or she realizes is inappropriate. Immediately after, the patient acts in a very different, appropriate, way. This DBT procedure is called

fine tuning

a belief that the news anchor on CNN is giving one important messages about one's behavior reflects

ideas of reference

behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are more characteristic of anxiety disorders

in children rather than adults

in the workplace, psychological problems are estimated to contribute most to

industrial accidents

a man beat another man nearly to death. in court the assailant claimed that he was forced to do what he did. he just exploded and was not in control of himself. under which insanity standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity

irresistible impulse test

imagine that you see a video on youtube designed to encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. it s probably part of a program called

it gets better

carl is a terrible bully. he is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. he will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. recently he was arrested for c=vandalism and ended up getting probation. he will most likely be labeled as displaying

juvenile delinquency

which is not an effective treatment for conduct disorder?

juvenile training centers

if instruments such as the big 5 are used to describe personality rather than relying on dsm5 then diagnoses of psychologicals disorder would become

less categorical and more a matter of degree

according to the dsm-5, a pattern diagnosed as a pd must devate substantially from the norms and expectations of the individual's culture. as a result

little multicultural research has been conducted

studies of the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce

long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance

schizotypal personality disorders differ from other odd personality disorders in that they related to schizophrenia and

mood disorders

Ty is fairly handsome but not as handsome as he thinks he is. he doesnt care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. he is most likely experiencing

narcissistic pd

although lying, even compulsive lying, isnt considered a psychological disorder it is sometimes character istic of people with

narcissistic pd

i am the greatest! a famous boxer declared loudly and often. had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be

narcissistic pd

the 5 traits to be included in fture revisions of the dsm5 that utilize a dimensional approach in diagnosing pd are

negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism

Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant pd, mainly bc group therapy

provides practice in social interactions

It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop paranoid personality disorder. this statement most likely would be made by someone from which theoretical perspective

psychodynamic

some researchers note that the majority of those diagnosed with borderline pd are female and that many of these women experienced emotional trauma, victimization, violence, and various forms of abuse as children. as a result, these researchers view the disorder as a special form of

ptsd

which have sociocultural theorists suggested as a cause for the emergence of borderline pd

rapid social change

the latest research on the use of ritalin to treat ADHD suggests that

research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on white american children

a preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis participates in a program designed to stop the development of an antisocial pattern of behavior, most likely, that program is

scared straight

Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and doesnt form relationships easily. appears to have no emotion.

schizoid PD

An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. that individual is most likely to have a parent or sibling with

schizophrenia

the disorder that appears to be most closely related to the schotypal personality disorder is

schizophrenia

Which is not the name used for a cluster of personality disorders?

schizophrenic

a similarity among kids with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. the difference

school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, and fears of objects at school

when a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps his arms, twists his hands and fingers, and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in

self-stimulatory behavior

avoidant pd seems most closely related to

social anxiety

the problem is that they assume they cant take care of themselves, so they think others have to meet their needs. this pattern of thinking is not very helpful in trying to deal with histrionic pd. a psychologist from what perspective would agree with this quote

sociocultural

the drug ritalin is classified as a

stimulant

which is not a problem in the use of the dsm5 to diagnose personality disoerders

the criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely if ever are used

If you believe that personality disorders are best understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with

the dimensional approach

the version of the insanity defense that declares that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actins if those actions were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called

the durham test

what aspect of dialectal behavior therapy relates to psychodynamic theory

the emphasis on the patient-therapist relationship

behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic pd may have been treated

too positively in early life

the leap program for treating kids with autism disorder is unique bc it involves the use of

typical children as models and teachers

the parents of those with schizoid pd are most likely to have been

unaccepting

a female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is

uncommon; most ppl diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood

with the help of a therapist, a client with ocd has experienced a dramatic decrease in both dichotomous thinking and worrying. the client's behavior is

uncommon; most with ocd do not seek help and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy

research has shown that, during childhood, children with autism spectrum disorder are most likely to

use behavioral techniques at home

Which statement is an accurate conclusion one can draw about the mental health field?

what mental health professionals know and can do outweighs what they do not know and cannot do

which is the best example of mental health parity

your insurance covers medical and mental illnesses equally

assume you have to give an in-class presentation about narcissistc pd. what is an accurate statement about treatment for this disorder?

no form of therapy is clearly better than the others

a child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?

no, the child's symptoms occur in only one setting

a friend of yours says "a 15-year old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial pd" your accurate reply would be

no. the student is too young for that diagnosis

a high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, and friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend and on an academic major. this student's behavior is

normal for those in high school

One similarity of those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid PD is that they tend

not to have close ties to others

if you are involuntarily committed you have the right to request that your records periodically be reviewed to determine if it is safe to release you because of

o'conner v donaldson

a therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline pd came up with the following analysis: the parents probably didnt want kids in the first place; the child just was not accepted; the child developed low self esteem, dependency and an inability to cope with separation. the therapists theoretical orientation is probably

object relations theory

a child is openly hostile toward his parents. he argues with them constantly and wont do anything they say. they cant control him. the diagnosis he is most likely receives is

oppositional defiant disorder

boys and girls have about the same percentage change of being diagnosed with

oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal

what would be the best answer to give to parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD in response to their questions about what caused it

out best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors

the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals even from themselves is called

parens patriae

an intervention in which parents and their children ho have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called

parent management training

if you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a typical example of antisocial pd you might have the character exhibit all of the following except

periods of very high anxiety

individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. this is known as

perseveration of sameness

The consistencies of one's characteristics are called

personality traits

for which anxiety disorder would you expect the childhood pattern to be most similar to the adult pattern?

phobias

The categorical approach to personality disorders assumes that

problematic personality traits are either present or absent

in response to a recommendation by the american psychiatric association regarding insanity pleas, current practice is most like the

M'Naghten rule

elimination disorders are diagnosed when which criteria have been met

a child has reached an age at which he or she is expected to control bodily functions

the percentage of the US population today aged 65 and older is

about 13%

the wyatt v stickney decision forced state hospitals to provide

adequate treatment

ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the rockies. he had a large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. the shares were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. he showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 mill each month. as it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several successful proposals such as this in towns across america in the last couple of years. he is most likely suffering from

antisocial pd

sarah respects none of societys boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. she does not considr the consequences of her actions. she most probably experiences

antisocial pd

the least likely contributor to the differences between african americans and white americans in receiving long acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is

differences in drug tolerance

intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine intellectual disability, bc intelligence test scores

dont indicate level of adaptive behavior

which category of pd contains the disorders most commonly diagnosed

dramatic

an individual with alzheimers disease is no longer able to function independently. the most appropriate diagnosis for this persons condition is

major neurocognitive disorder

the type of system that many health insurance companies have set up to try to curtail expenses associated with providing treatment is referred to as a

managed care system

OCD is most common among

men with jobs

an individual with alzheimers disease is able to function independently. the most appropriate label for this persons condition is

mild neurocognitive disorder

as part of their therapy, clients learn to evaluate their unusual thoughts, track the accuracy of magical preidctions, and reconnect with the world and with their limitations. the diagnoses of these clients would mostlikely be in which broad category of personality disorder

odd

a therapist states "i seldom use drugs when i treat clients with borderline pd" the therapist most likely says this bc

the risk of suicide increases bc using drugs may lead to overdose