Hobby abnormal roughly ch. 16-19
what proportion of nursing home residents is receiving antipsychotic drugs?
1/3
what percentage of the elderly now uses facebook?
45%
According to the US supreme court the standard for clear and convincing proof is
75% certainty
How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people
They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors
lets try to figure out where clients fall on several key personality traits, rather than using a dichotomous classification system. someone saying this would most likely favor which approach
a dimensional approach
psychodymic theorists explain ocd as a fixation at the
anal stage
One reason that the personality disorders are difficult to treat is that the afflicted individuals
are frequently unaware that they have a problem
like those with paranoid pd, those with avoidant pd usually
are very sensitive to criticism and avoid close relationships
the mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. a child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it most likely would be diagnosed with
autism spectrum disorder
most common fear among those 95 and older
a fear of losing mental abilities
will that program really help? i keep hearing bad things about how kids act once they leave. based on research, the person who said this would be accurate if she or he were expressing reservations about
a juvenile training center
according to one psychological view of autism, the awareness that other people base their behaviors on their own belief, and not on info they have no way of knowing is not present in children with autism spectrum disorder. this ability is called
a theory of mind
a child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent pd. the therapist who would be least surprised by this outcome would have which theoretical orientation
behavioral
giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for the development of antisocial pd. this is most likely what view
behavioral
group therapy is a good option for those with dependent pd; theyll be able to observe others' coping skills and model them. this statement would most likely be made by a therapist having which theoretical perspective
behavioral
the 2 most common treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have been
behavioral and drug therapies
the most common and successful treatments for encopresis are
behavioral and medical treatments
the fact that children may learn antisocial behavior by modeling parental conflict and aggressiveness provides support for
behavioral theory
a child awakens suddenly to the sound of a bell and heads for the bathroom. most likel the child is receiving
behavioral therapy for enuresis
what is the best educational treatment for a child with a serious level of dysfunction on the autism spectrum?
being sent to a special school that combines treatment and education
assume a study of prison inmates diagnosed with antisocial pd shows that they generally experience less anxiety than other people when they lie or con others. this outcome would most strongly support which theoretical position
biological
a client has enlarged brain ventricals and a measurable loss of gray matter. these symptoms are
biological, and the most likely diagnosis is schizotypal personality disorder
Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. she felt andgry and empty. Lisa's feelings are most similar to those of someone with which pd
borderline
theres nothing out there for me. i cant stand other ppl and i cant stand myself either. im just really mad rn. such a statement would most likely to be made by someone with which pd
borderline
transported to the hospital after a suicide attempt, a man is later admitted to the hospital's psychiatric wing. his history showed other self destructive behaviors and recklessness. most likely, if the man is diagnosed with a pd it will be
borderline
the inability to accurately interpret one's internal biological emotional or physiological states is characteristic of both
borderline pd and eating disorders
DSM-5, like its predecessor, DSM-IV-TR, identifies 10 personality disorders utilizing
categorical approach
An individual diagnosed with schizoid pd reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. these findings would make the most sense to a theorist with which background
cognitive
a person experiencing paranoid personality disorder frequently says things like "you've got to get them before they get you," if these sayings reflect maladaptive assumptions, theorist that would not be surprised would have what?
cognitive
when dialectical behavior therapy is used with patients with borderline pd, those patients, compared to patients receiving other forms of therapy, make
for fewer suicide attempts and are hospitalized less often
the principle of parens patriae permits the state to make decisions that promote an individuals best interest. it has been used to support the process
guilt by reason of insanity
civil commitment is for a person who
has been forced to undergo mental health treatment
anxiety among the elderly is related to
health
Research has found that borderline pd is more common among
hispanic americans
beatlemania gripped the US in the 1960s when the british rock group the beatles performed; adoring fans screamed, sometimes fainted, and shouted exaggerated, characteristics of
historic pd
when the seat belt light in DiDis car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. she always curves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. she probably could receive a diagnosis of
historic pd
there is a new game called moods where one acts out the mood listed on a card. being encouraged to play this game is most like the treatment _______- mich use for those with schizoid disorders
cognitive therapists
a child is extremely aggressive. she is always fighting with her peers and is frequently very cruel to them. she never tells the truth. her most likely diagnosis is
conduct disorder
the 2 childhood disorders that have been related to later antisocial pd are
conduct disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
a child sneaks out of the home every now and then and goes through the neighborhood breaking lawn decorations and scratching car paint. these behaviors most closely fit which pattern of conduct disorder?
covert-destructive
at a parent-teacher conference, a child's parents are astounded to learn that their son has been showing up late for school, despite leaving home with more than enough time to get to school. this behavior most closely fits which pattern of conduct disorder
covert-nondestructive
with alzheimers disease, physical health usually
declines less rapidly than mental health
if an individual has damage to the prefrontal cortex, which symptom would most likely be observed
deficits in planning, self control, and decision making
a person who has an excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is most likely to qualify for a diagnosis of
dependent pd
a child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. this child is undergoing
dry-bed training for enuresis
a man killed another man with whom he was fighting. at his trial he claimed that he did not know what he was doing bc he was drunk. under which insanity standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity
durham test
according to psychodynamic theorists, an important factor in the development of avoidant pd is
early experiences of shame
An individual seeking help from a geropsychologist is most likely
elderly
childhood disorders for which there are no similar adult disorders are called
elimination disorders
which is not a goal of parent child interaction therapy
encouraging parents to act consistently with their child
from which pair of disorders is a child most likely to recover by adulthood
enuresis and encopresis
the category of odd personality disorders includes the traits of
extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities
you read a case study about a 10 year old girl from a poor background who was sexually abused. this case is
farily common; girls, regardless of their socioeconomic group, are the most collom victims of sexual abuse
which is most characteristic of mass murderers
feelings of persecution and desire for revenge
a petient receiving dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for borderline pd experiences an emotion that he or she realizes is inappropriate. Immediately after, the patient acts in a very different, appropriate, way. This DBT procedure is called
fine tuning
a belief that the news anchor on CNN is giving one important messages about one's behavior reflects
ideas of reference
behavioral and somatic symptoms, such as clinginess, sleep difficulties, and stomach pain, rather than cognitive symptoms are more characteristic of anxiety disorders
in children rather than adults
in the workplace, psychological problems are estimated to contribute most to
industrial accidents
a man beat another man nearly to death. in court the assailant claimed that he was forced to do what he did. he just exploded and was not in control of himself. under which insanity standard might he be found not guilty by reason of insanity
irresistible impulse test
imagine that you see a video on youtube designed to encourage young people who are gay and being bullied. it s probably part of a program called
it gets better
carl is a terrible bully. he is very aggressive and repeatedly takes advantage of others. he will say anything to get his way or to try to stay out of trouble. recently he was arrested for c=vandalism and ended up getting probation. he will most likely be labeled as displaying
juvenile delinquency
which is not an effective treatment for conduct disorder?
juvenile training centers
if instruments such as the big 5 are used to describe personality rather than relying on dsm5 then diagnoses of psychologicals disorder would become
less categorical and more a matter of degree
according to the dsm-5, a pattern diagnosed as a pd must devate substantially from the norms and expectations of the individual's culture. as a result
little multicultural research has been conducted
studies of the use of cognitive-behavioral techniques in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder have shown that cognitive-behavioral techniques can produce
long-term gains in school achievement and intelligence test performance
schizotypal personality disorders differ from other odd personality disorders in that they related to schizophrenia and
mood disorders
Ty is fairly handsome but not as handsome as he thinks he is. he doesnt care about anyone but himself and is sure that everyone around him feels the same way. he is most likely experiencing
narcissistic pd
although lying, even compulsive lying, isnt considered a psychological disorder it is sometimes character istic of people with
narcissistic pd
i am the greatest! a famous boxer declared loudly and often. had he in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be
narcissistic pd
the 5 traits to be included in fture revisions of the dsm5 that utilize a dimensional approach in diagnosing pd are
negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, psychoticism
Group therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of avoidant pd, mainly bc group therapy
provides practice in social interactions
It is clear that very demanding parents caused this person to develop paranoid personality disorder. this statement most likely would be made by someone from which theoretical perspective
psychodynamic
some researchers note that the majority of those diagnosed with borderline pd are female and that many of these women experienced emotional trauma, victimization, violence, and various forms of abuse as children. as a result, these researchers view the disorder as a special form of
ptsd
which have sociocultural theorists suggested as a cause for the emergence of borderline pd
rapid social change
the latest research on the use of ritalin to treat ADHD suggests that
research on its effectiveness and safety has been done almost exclusively on white american children
a preadolescent child who has not received a clinical diagnosis participates in a program designed to stop the development of an antisocial pattern of behavior, most likely, that program is
scared straight
Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and doesnt form relationships easily. appears to have no emotion.
schizoid PD
An individual has just received a diagnosis of paranoid personality disorder. that individual is most likely to have a parent or sibling with
schizophrenia
the disorder that appears to be most closely related to the schotypal personality disorder is
schizophrenia
Which is not the name used for a cluster of personality disorders?
schizophrenic
a similarity among kids with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. the difference
school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fears, and fears of objects at school
when a child with autism spectrum disorder jumps, flaps his arms, twists his hands and fingers, and makes unusual faces, the child is engaging in
self-stimulatory behavior
avoidant pd seems most closely related to
social anxiety
the problem is that they assume they cant take care of themselves, so they think others have to meet their needs. this pattern of thinking is not very helpful in trying to deal with histrionic pd. a psychologist from what perspective would agree with this quote
sociocultural
the drug ritalin is classified as a
stimulant
which is not a problem in the use of the dsm5 to diagnose personality disoerders
the criteria are so restrictive that several categories rarely if ever are used
If you believe that personality disorders are best understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with
the dimensional approach
the version of the insanity defense that declares that a person cannot be held responsible for his or her actins if those actions were the result of mental disease or mental defect is called
the durham test
what aspect of dialectal behavior therapy relates to psychodynamic theory
the emphasis on the patient-therapist relationship
behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic pd may have been treated
too positively in early life
the leap program for treating kids with autism disorder is unique bc it involves the use of
typical children as models and teachers
the parents of those with schizoid pd are most likely to have been
unaccepting
a female child is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. later, as an adult, she is unable to hold a job and has very limited communication skills. Her case is
uncommon; most ppl diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are males, and their symptoms usually remain severe into adulthood
with the help of a therapist, a client with ocd has experienced a dramatic decrease in both dichotomous thinking and worrying. the client's behavior is
uncommon; most with ocd do not seek help and this person is most likely receiving cognitive therapy
research has shown that, during childhood, children with autism spectrum disorder are most likely to
use behavioral techniques at home
Which statement is an accurate conclusion one can draw about the mental health field?
what mental health professionals know and can do outweighs what they do not know and cannot do
which is the best example of mental health parity
your insurance covers medical and mental illnesses equally
assume you have to give an in-class presentation about narcissistc pd. what is an accurate statement about treatment for this disorder?
no form of therapy is clearly better than the others
a child's distracting behaviors occur only in a school setting and include failure to follow instructions and finish work, answering questions before they have been completed, and a lot of seat squirming and fidgeting. could ADHD be a diagnosis of this child?
no, the child's symptoms occur in only one setting
a friend of yours says "a 15-year old high school student accused of shooting several classmates received a diagnosis of antisocial pd" your accurate reply would be
no. the student is too young for that diagnosis
a high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, and friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend and on an academic major. this student's behavior is
normal for those in high school
One similarity of those experiencing paranoid personality disorder and those experiencing schizoid PD is that they tend
not to have close ties to others
if you are involuntarily committed you have the right to request that your records periodically be reviewed to determine if it is safe to release you because of
o'conner v donaldson
a therapist treating a client diagnosed with borderline pd came up with the following analysis: the parents probably didnt want kids in the first place; the child just was not accepted; the child developed low self esteem, dependency and an inability to cope with separation. the therapists theoretical orientation is probably
object relations theory
a child is openly hostile toward his parents. he argues with them constantly and wont do anything they say. they cant control him. the diagnosis he is most likely receives is
oppositional defiant disorder
boys and girls have about the same percentage change of being diagnosed with
oppositional defiant disorder if they are postpubertal
what would be the best answer to give to parents of a child recently diagnosed with ADHD in response to their questions about what caused it
out best guess is that ADHD results from an interaction of several factors
the aspect of state responsibility that promotes and protects the interests of individuals even from themselves is called
parens patriae
an intervention in which parents and their children ho have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called
parent management training
if you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a typical example of antisocial pd you might have the character exhibit all of the following except
periods of very high anxiety
individuals with autism spectrum disorder may react with tantrums if an object is moved to a different part of the room. this is known as
perseveration of sameness
The consistencies of one's characteristics are called
personality traits
for which anxiety disorder would you expect the childhood pattern to be most similar to the adult pattern?
phobias
The categorical approach to personality disorders assumes that
problematic personality traits are either present or absent
in response to a recommendation by the american psychiatric association regarding insanity pleas, current practice is most like the
M'Naghten rule
elimination disorders are diagnosed when which criteria have been met
a child has reached an age at which he or she is expected to control bodily functions
the percentage of the US population today aged 65 and older is
about 13%
the wyatt v stickney decision forced state hospitals to provide
adequate treatment
ben set up an elaborate scheme to mine gold in the rockies. he had a large town meeting and made a presentation of his stock. the shares were only $5 each, and everyone could afford them. he showed pictures of the mine and explained how the company expected to gross $100 mill each month. as it turns out, he was a terrific con artist who had made several successful proposals such as this in towns across america in the last couple of years. he is most likely suffering from
antisocial pd
sarah respects none of societys boundaries and is insensitive to other people, frequently violating their rights. she does not considr the consequences of her actions. she most probably experiences
antisocial pd
the least likely contributor to the differences between african americans and white americans in receiving long acting stimulant drug treatment for ADHD is
differences in drug tolerance
intelligence test results should not be the only things used to determine intellectual disability, bc intelligence test scores
dont indicate level of adaptive behavior
which category of pd contains the disorders most commonly diagnosed
dramatic
an individual with alzheimers disease is no longer able to function independently. the most appropriate diagnosis for this persons condition is
major neurocognitive disorder
the type of system that many health insurance companies have set up to try to curtail expenses associated with providing treatment is referred to as a
managed care system
OCD is most common among
men with jobs
an individual with alzheimers disease is able to function independently. the most appropriate label for this persons condition is
mild neurocognitive disorder
as part of their therapy, clients learn to evaluate their unusual thoughts, track the accuracy of magical preidctions, and reconnect with the world and with their limitations. the diagnoses of these clients would mostlikely be in which broad category of personality disorder
odd
a therapist states "i seldom use drugs when i treat clients with borderline pd" the therapist most likely says this bc
the risk of suicide increases bc using drugs may lead to overdose