Homeostasis (Exam 1)

How can Epithelial Tissues be classified?

1. Amount of layers of cells (simple, stratified) 2. Shape (columnar, cuboidal, squamous)

What makes Connective Tissue Cells different from all other cells and tissues? (what are the three main types of CT cells?

1. Bone Cells 2. Blood Cells 3. Fat Cells

Explain positive feedback using the pregancy example.

1. Monoreceptors on the cervix begin to sense stretch 2. The stretching causes the receptors to send signals to the control system of the pituitary gland 3. The pituitary gland extretes oxytocin back into the blood stream back to the uterus which causes the uterus to contract 4. these contractions cause for the monoreceptors to sense more stretching 5. They signal to the brain to release more oxytocin

What are the four basic groups of Tissues?

1. Nervous 2. Muscle 3. Epithelial 4. Connective Tissue

What are the major classes of cells and tissues in the body?

1. Neurons 2. Muscle Cells 3. Epithelial Cells 4. Connective Tissue Cells

Out of the total volume of ECF in the body, how much of it is found in the blood and how much of it is found everywhere else? What are the two types called?

1. Plasma: noncellular liquid in blood (20%) 2. Interstitial Fluid: noncellular liquid outside of blood that surrounds most of the cells in the body (80%)

What are the components of negative feedback?

1. Sensor: senses when something is different than normal 2. Control center: compares the information it recieved from the sensors to the set point and orchestrates the appropriate response 3. Effectos: cells tissues or organs that receive signlas from the intergrating scenter to change.

Where is Epithelial Tissue found?

1. The skin 2. Lining the lungs 3. Lining hollow organs (stomach, intestines, blood vessels) 4. Cells in stomach to help transport specific materials 5. Glands

1. Describe Total Body Water (TBW) 2. What two things make up the TBW?

1. The total volume of fluid enclosed with in the outer epithelial layer. 2. Intercellular Fluid (ICF) and Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

What things separate Epithelial Cells from all other cells and tissues?

1. They are found in epithelial tissue

What things separate Muscle Cells from all other cells and tissues?

1. They are specialized to contract and generate mechanical force and movement 2. Three types: cardiac (heart), skeletal (bones), smooth (blood vessels)

What things separate Neurons from all other cells and tissues?

1. Typically posses branches 2. Function to transmit information in the form of electrical signals

Generally, what is the structure of CT?

1. Widely scattered cells embedded in.. 2. Extracellular matrix which is made up of 3. Fibrous proteins (elastin and collagen)

1. What is the primary functions of CT? (3) 2. Give three exampels

1. provide physical support for other structures 2. anchors them in place 3. links them together (ligaments and tendons and bones)

Is there more ICF or ECF in the body?

2/3 ICF, 1/3 ECF

What is positive feedback?

A homeostatic control that AMPLIFIES THE INITIAL RESPONSE. It is not helping maintain homeostasis in the short term but it is as of the long term.

What do each eptihelial tissues have?

A non cellular basement membrane.

Feed Forward Mechanisms

A response made to an anticipaiton of homeostatic change

What is considered to be the Body's External Environment? What type of tissue lines organs associated with the external environment?

Anything that is associated with the outside world.. this includes air entering the lungs or food entering the stomach. Epithelial

In a broader sense, what else could be considered "CT" and why?

Blood and lymph because it serves to connect various parts of the body together by providing communication

How can these compartments exchange materials between eachother if they are physically separated?

Cell membranes and Epithelial Tissues are semipermiable or selectively permeable so they only let certain things enter the compartments

What is the relationship between tissues, organs, and organ systems?

Cells group together to form → tissues, Tissues group together to form → organs, Organs group together to form → Organ Systems.

What do blood vessels get lined with and why is this different than the other ones?

Endothelial cells because it has no direct connection with the external environment.

What is H20 so important for?

It is the solvent for our body's many solutes such as: 1. inorganic ions 2. sugars 3. amino acids 4. proteins

Do Plasma's and Interstitial Fluid's composition differ significantly from each other? Why?

NO, they are very similar because the walls of capillaries are highly permeable to most solutes besides proteins

Does positive or negative feedback occur most often?

Negative

What are the body's fluid compartments?

Places that are physically separated from the external environment by cell membranes and epithelial tissue

How do Plasma and Interstitial Fluid differ a little from each other?

Plasma is very rich in protein where as it is scarce in Interstitial fluid.

What are the two types of feedback??

Positive and negative

What is Epithelial Tissues purpose?

The cells join tightly together to form a barrier that prevents material on one side of the epithelium from mixing freely with material on the other side.

What is considered to be the Body's Internal Environment?

The fluid in which most cells in the body are surrounded by. This is where oxygen and nutrients and waste are exchanged from the bloodstream

What is Homeostasis?

The maintenance of a constant internal environment.. It needs to be so precise. If there is something un usual in a cell, the body needs to respond to make it normal again.

What is negative feedback? Whats important when distinguising it?

The primary type of homeostatic control THE RESPONSE OF THE FEED BACK WAS OPPOSITE OF THE STIMULUS

What is an example?

When athletes anticipate they are about to work out so they begin to sweat before they even start breathing hard.

Do ICF and ECF's composition differ significantly from eachother? If so How?

YES 1. ICF contains many proteins and is rich in Potassium 2. ECF contains few proteins and is rich in Sodium

What is feedback?

the responses the body makes after it detects changes