Honors Biology Photosynthesis Dec 9

Which of the following equations represents photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide and water for the production of sugar and oxygen.

sepal?

A modified leaf in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens.

Stamen?(male)

All of the male reproductive parts in a flower.

What provides the carbon atoms that are incorporated into sugar molecules in the Calvin cycle?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon dioxide provides the carbon atoms that are incorporated into sugars in photosynthesis. This is why plants need to take in carbon dioxide.

In which of the following organelles does photosynthesis take place?

Chloroplast Chloroplasts use energy from light to transform carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.

What provides electrons for the light reactions?

H2O Electrons are stripped from water in the light reactions of photosynthesis. This is one of the reasons plants need water.

What transports electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle?

NADPH NADPH is an electron carrier that picks up electrons in the light reactions and releases them in the Calvin cycle.

process of photosynthesis?

Step 1-Light Dependent. CO2 and H2O enter the leaf. Step 2- Light Dependent. Light hits the pigment in the membrane of a thylakoid, splitting the H2O into O2. Step 3- Light Dependent. The electrons move down to enzymes. Step 4-Light Dependent. ... Step 5-Light independent. ... Step 6-Light independent. ... calvin cycle.

pistil?

The female reproductive part of a flower

Which of the following colors contributes the least energy to photosynthesis?

green

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature

A seed develops from a(n)?

ovule.

filament? (male)

the stalk of a stamen

Types of seed dispersal?

wind, water, animal

For water transport in vascular plants, the cohesive property of water is most important in the?

xylem.

Photostystem I

(PSI, or plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase) is the second photosystem in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and some bacteria. Photosystem I is an integral membrane protein complex that uses light energy to produce the high energy carriers ATP and NADPH.

Photostystem II

(PSII) is a specialized protein complex that uses light energy to drive the transfer of electrons from water to plastoquinone, resulting in the production of oxygen and the release of reduced plastoquinone into the photosynthetic membrane.

Which of the following does NOT represent a means by which a fruit helps to disperse seeds?

Flower petals are brightly colored to attract insects or other animals. This is an adaptation of the flower to attract pollinators, not an adaptation of the fruit to enhance seed distribution.

The light reactions' production of oxygen during photosynthesis is important for life on Earth. Which of the following would prevent oxygen from being made?

the inability of water to donate its electrons to photosystem II

The light reactions take place in the _________ and the Calvin cycle takes place in the _________?

thylakoids; stroma Within the chloroplast, the light reactions take place in the flattened sacs called thylakoids and the Calvin cycle takes place in the thick fluid called the stroma.

pollen?

tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells/ contain small gamets

How does the sperm of an angiosperm reach the egg?

via the pollen tube that grows from the pollen grain through the carpel tissues to the ovule

Imagine a plant with carotenoids but no chlorophyll. Which color(s) of light would be most beneficial to the plant?

violet-blue Caretenoids absorb light at wavelengths around 400-500 nm, which is violet and blue. Energy absorbed by these pigments drive photosynthesis, so violet-blue light would be most useful to this plant.

In the chloroplast, sugars are made in a compartment that is filled with a thick fluid called the?

stroma.

stomata function?

- Allows CO2 to diffuse into the leaf - Allows O2 and water vapor to diffuse out of the leaf

During photosynthesis, the light reactions convert light energy to chemical energy?

-The light reactions produce chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. -The light reactions take place inside the thylakoids of chloroplasts. -Pigment molecules inside photosystem II and photosystem I absorb light energy from the sun.

Use the absorption spectrum graph and your knowledge of plant pigments to determine which three statements are true?

-Visible light that is not absorbed by chloroplast pigments determines what color a plant will appear to your eye. -Different pigments in plant chloroplasts absorb light of different wavelengths. -The orange and yellow colors of fall foliage are mostly due to carotenoids in the plants.

fruit function?

1. protects the enclosed seeds 2. aids in the dispersal of seeds by wind or animals

Petal?

A modified leaf of a flowering plant; petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.

Ovule (female)?

A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.

Pedicel?

stalk that supports the flower

The male organ of a flower is the?

stamen.

What two molecules are produced by the light reactions and used to power the Calvin cycle?

ATP and NADPH ATP and NADPH are both products of the light reactions and are used to power the Calvin cycle.

What connects the two photosystems in the light reactions?

An electron transport chain An electron transport chain connects the two photosystems in the light reactions.

How angiosperms reproduce?

Angiosperms are vascular plants. They have stems, roots, and leaves. ... Angiosperm eggs are fertilized and develop into a seed in an ovary that is usually in a flower. The flowers of angiosperms have male or female reproductive organs.

Chloroplast function?

Converts solar energy into glucose (food) in PLANTS

Anther? (male)

In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form.

What is endosperm?

stored food in a seed

light reaction?

Part of photosynthesis that involves light. ATP and NADPH are produced. Takes place on the thylakoid membrane.

Stigma? (female)

Part that catches the pollen

Ovary (female)?

Produces the egg (gland that produces estrogen and progesterone)

receptacle?

The base of a flower; the part of the stem that is the site of attachment of the floral organs.

Dark Reactions (Calvin Cycle)

The second step of photosynthesis where chemical energy is used to make sugar (Glucose)

style (female)?

The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.

Xylem function?

Transports water and dissolved minerals from the root up to all the other parts of the plant -Xylem tubes are made up from dead cells

This image shows some components of the light reactions inside a chloroplast?

a gradient of hydrogen ions built up in the thylakoid space

The photosynthetic event known as the Calvin cycle occurs in the __________.?

stroma The thylakoids of the chloroplast are the sites of the light reactions, whereas the Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.

You're conducting an experiment to determine the effect of different wavelengths of light on the absorption of carbon dioxide as an indicator of the rate of photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems. If the rate of photosynthesis increases, the amount of carbon dioxide in the environment will decrease, and vice versa.Small aquatic plants are placed into three containers of water mixed with carbon dioxide. Container A is placed under normal sunlight, B under green light, and C under red light. The containers are observed for a 24-hour period.Based on your knowledge of the process of photosynthesis, the plant in the container placed under red light would probably?

absorb more CO2 than the plants under the green light.

WHY LEAVES CHANGE COLOR IN THE FALL?

chlorophyll dies, carotenoids and xanthophylls are left weather, length of day, soil moisture(rain)

In a showy flower such as a magnolia or rose, the flower parts that play the main role in attracting the notice of animal pollinators are the?

petals.

Calvin Cycle?

reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars

What is a function of a fruit?

seed dispersal

Before it opens up into full blossom, the outer green layer of a rosebud consists of the leaflike?

sepals.

Pollen tube?

slender tubular outgrown from a pollen grain that penetrates the ovule and releases male gametes