Honors World History Chapter 16

how did the renaissance contribute to the age of exploration?

by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe

the ________ established a colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620

pilgrims

The population of Native Americans in Spanish colonies dropped by more than _____

90 percent

Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to attempt to sail around the southern tip of _______

Africa (Cape of Good Hope)

what best describes the food exchange between Europe and the Americas?

Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe

the _______ colony in Virginia was settled by people intending to make their fortunes by finding gold and silver

Jamestown

some Native Americans helped Cortés because _____

The Aztecs were unpopular with those they had conquered

in the passage by Olaudah Equiano, he describes _____

a slave ship

planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because______

disease had killed millions of Native Americans

according to the map titled "The Slave Trade" where were most slave forts located?

the west coast of Africa

French settlers in Canada were mainly_____

traders

The Spanish used captive Africans as

workers on Caribbean sugar plantations

according to the map titled "The Slave Trade" the British imported approximately how many slaves to their colonies?

2.1 million

the ________ refers to the spread of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe

African Diaspora

according to the map titled "The Slave Trade" the greatest number of African slaves were taken to _____

Brazil

when he reach the Caribbean islands, the Italian sailor______believed he had reached the Asian islands known as the Indies

Christopher Columbus

the __________ refers to the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas

Colombian Exchange

Who was a conquistador?

Francisco Pizarro

the explorer _________ claimed Brazil for Portugal

Pedro Cabral

__________ of Portugal established a court for navigators and others interested in exploration

Prince Henry

what was an effect of the Columbian exchange?

The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies

an increase in business activity due to colonization caused what?

a new class of wealthier merchants emerged in Europe

sailors could calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon with the ____

astrolabe

Mercantilists believed a country should mine gold and silver as well as establish a favorable ___________, or export more goods than it imported

balance of trade

_________ is an economic system in which most economic activity is carried on by private individuals or organizations in order to seek a profit

capitalism

a new type of ship that was light and fast and highly maneuverable was known as the _____

caravel

although Ferdinand Magellan was killed in the Philippines, the remainder of his crew were the first to _____, or completely sail around, the globe

circumnavigate

the passage by Charles D'Avenant justifies what?

colonization

The______played a key role in the age of exploration because it let sailors know at any time which direction was north

compass

A Spanish military leader who fought against the native peoples of the Americas was called a(n) _______

conquistador

in the ________ system, Spanish colonists received land in the Americas and a number of Native American workers in exchange for teaching the workers about Christianity

encomienda

The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese explorers was to _____

find a water route around Africa to India

the economy of France was based on ______

fish and fur trading

_________ were people who worked for a set period in exchange for passage to the Americas

indentured servants

before the age of exploration, the flow of luxury goods to Europe from China and India was controlled by_______merchants

italian

In a ________ company, investors pool their money to fund large businesses and jointly take the risk of losing that money is the company fails

joint-stock

the economic theory of __________ held that a nation's strength depended on its wealth

mercantilism

scholars estimate that how much of all food crops grown around the world today are of American origin?

one-third

Mercantilists would advocate that a nation do what?

sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries

to encourage the export of manufactured goods governments provided ________, or grants of money, to help business-people start new industries.

subsidies

placing a ______ on imported goods makes those goods more expensive, which discourages people from buying them

tariff

what was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

the Spanish Empire was larger that the Portuguese Empire

the Spanish colonial economy was based largely on ____

the mining of gold and silver

during the rise of capitalism, European investors willingly took the risk of investing in overseas trade because ____

the rising demand for goods drove prices higher