Honors World History Chapter 16
how did the renaissance contribute to the age of exploration?
by awakening a spirit of discovery and innovation in Europe
the ________ established a colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620
pilgrims
The population of Native Americans in Spanish colonies dropped by more than _____
90 percent
Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to attempt to sail around the southern tip of _______
Africa (Cape of Good Hope)
what best describes the food exchange between Europe and the Americas?
Europeans brought wheat, sugar, and sheep to the Americas and took corn, potatoes, and turkeys to Europe
the _______ colony in Virginia was settled by people intending to make their fortunes by finding gold and silver
Jamestown
some Native Americans helped Cortés because _____
The Aztecs were unpopular with those they had conquered
in the passage by Olaudah Equiano, he describes _____
a slave ship
planters in the Americas began to use African slaves for labor because______
disease had killed millions of Native Americans
according to the map titled "The Slave Trade" where were most slave forts located?
the west coast of Africa
French settlers in Canada were mainly_____
traders
The Spanish used captive Africans as
workers on Caribbean sugar plantations
according to the map titled "The Slave Trade" the British imported approximately how many slaves to their colonies?
2.1 million
the ________ refers to the spread of people of African descent throughout the Americas and Western Europe
African Diaspora
according to the map titled "The Slave Trade" the greatest number of African slaves were taken to _____
Brazil
when he reach the Caribbean islands, the Italian sailor______believed he had reached the Asian islands known as the Indies
Christopher Columbus
the __________ refers to the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe and the Americas
Colombian Exchange
Who was a conquistador?
Francisco Pizarro
the explorer _________ claimed Brazil for Portugal
Pedro Cabral
__________ of Portugal established a court for navigators and others interested in exploration
Prince Henry
what was an effect of the Columbian exchange?
The exchange of foods and animals had a dramatic impact on later societies
an increase in business activity due to colonization caused what?
a new class of wealthier merchants emerged in Europe
sailors could calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon with the ____
astrolabe
Mercantilists believed a country should mine gold and silver as well as establish a favorable ___________, or export more goods than it imported
balance of trade
_________ is an economic system in which most economic activity is carried on by private individuals or organizations in order to seek a profit
capitalism
a new type of ship that was light and fast and highly maneuverable was known as the _____
caravel
although Ferdinand Magellan was killed in the Philippines, the remainder of his crew were the first to _____, or completely sail around, the globe
circumnavigate
the passage by Charles D'Avenant justifies what?
colonization
The______played a key role in the age of exploration because it let sailors know at any time which direction was north
compass
A Spanish military leader who fought against the native peoples of the Americas was called a(n) _______
conquistador
in the ________ system, Spanish colonists received land in the Americas and a number of Native American workers in exchange for teaching the workers about Christianity
encomienda
The ultimate goal of the early Portuguese explorers was to _____
find a water route around Africa to India
the economy of France was based on ______
fish and fur trading
_________ were people who worked for a set period in exchange for passage to the Americas
indentured servants
before the age of exploration, the flow of luxury goods to Europe from China and India was controlled by_______merchants
italian
In a ________ company, investors pool their money to fund large businesses and jointly take the risk of losing that money is the company fails
joint-stock
the economic theory of __________ held that a nation's strength depended on its wealth
mercantilism
scholars estimate that how much of all food crops grown around the world today are of American origin?
one-third
Mercantilists would advocate that a nation do what?
sell more goods than it buys from foreign countries
to encourage the export of manufactured goods governments provided ________, or grants of money, to help business-people start new industries.
subsidies
placing a ______ on imported goods makes those goods more expensive, which discourages people from buying them
tariff
what was one result of the Treaty of Tordesillas?
the Spanish Empire was larger that the Portuguese Empire
the Spanish colonial economy was based largely on ____
the mining of gold and silver
during the rise of capitalism, European investors willingly took the risk of investing in overseas trade because ____
the rising demand for goods drove prices higher