HS Review -Cells

Domain _____ is known for containing organisms that thrive in extreme environments.

Archaea

What are functions of the cytoskeleton?

Cell Division Structural Support Transportation

What is the name of the structure that separates the cytoplasm from the outside environment of the cell?

Cell membrane

What are the functions of cell junctions?

Cell-cell attachment Cell-ECM attachment Cell-Cell signaling

Match the type of vacuole with its function.

Central vacuole -- produce turgor pressure Contractile vacuole -- pump water out of the cell Food Vacuole -- digest engulfed food

Which of the following are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?

Chloroplasts Cell Walls

What functions do plasmodesmata provide?

Coordinate cell functions Gas exchange Cell-Cell communication Mixing of cytoplasm

All cells are filled with a fluid substance called______.

Cytoplasm

The _____ enables movement of entire cells and structures within the cell.

Cytoskeleton

Identify Domains that contain prokaryotic cells.

Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea

Identify domains that contain prokaryotic cells.

Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea

Archaea are thought to be more closely related to which other domain of life?

Domain Eukarya

If a cell contains chloroplasts, it must belong to domain_____.

Eukarya

TRUE or FALSE: A plasma membrane made of nonfatty acid lipids is found in all cells.

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE: Lysosomes are enzyme filled sacs that bud from the ER and digest unneeded cellular components or debris.

False

True or False: A plasma membrane made of nonfatty acid lipids is found in all cells.

False

True or False: Photosyntheic bacteria extract energy from light in their chloroplasts

False

Plasmodesmata function in a similar way to ____ junctions in mammalian cells

Gap

What type of cell junction is shown in the picture?

Gap Junction

_____ filaments are made of different proteins depending upon the cell type to maintain cell shape and bind some cells together.

Intermediate

Which kingdoms of life belong to domain Eukarya?

Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Protista

What is the substance contained within the inner membrane of a mitochondrion called?

Matrix

Which of the following is not a component of cell membranes?

Nucleic Acids

Which of the following is/are features UNIQUE to prokaryotic cells?

Nucleoid

Which of the following is or are characteristics UNIQUE to eukaryotic cells? (Check all that apply)

Nucleus Membrane bound organelles

What is the name for the regions of the cell that are specialized in function and compartmentalized by membranes?

Organelles

What components of the membrane are able to freely move internally (in the plane of the membrane- side to side)?

Phospholipids Proteins

Which of the following are TRUE of ribosomes?

Produce proteins Made of RNA Found in some organelles Free floating in the cytoplasm Made of protein

Based on available evidence, what type of organisms most likely appeared on Earth?

Prokaryotes

Identify the kingdoms in domain Eukarya that possess chloroplasts.

Protista Plantae

A protein that is destined to be secreted from the cell is processed and packaged for release in steps as it travels through the endomembrane system. Rank the organelles/structures in order that the mRNA or protein travels through them.

Ribosome >> Rough ER >> Transport Vesicles >> Golgi apparatus >> Secretory Vesicles

The structure of the membrane and the chemical properties of phospholipids means that only some solutes can cross a membrane. What is this property known as?

Selective permeability

Which of the following are correct about domain Bacteria?

Some are important decomposers and producers. Some live in human intestines and help with digestion. Some are used to make pharmaceuticals.

What is the material between the thylakoids and the inner membrane of the chloroplast called?

Stroma

The hydrophobic interactions of the fatty acid tails of phospholipids in a cell membrane prevent the passage of polar molecules across the membrane.

TRUE

What is the circled light blue colored organelle in the image?

The large central vacuole

What organelle of the endomembrane system breaks down debris, food, and old cell parts with enzymes and is bound by a single membrane?

The lysosome

After a plant cell produces glucose through photosynthesis, the chemical energy stored in the glucose is converted to chemical potential energy in the form of ATP by which organelle

The mitochondrion

What cell structures are components of the endomembrane system

The nuclear envelope The cell membrane The Golgi apparatus The endoplasmic reticulum

What is the name of structure where DNA is located in prokaryotes?

The nucleoid

TRUE or FALSE: Cilia and flagella have the same internal structure

True

True or False: A feature UNIQUE to a eukaryotic cell is the presence of a membrane bound nucleus and organelles.

True

True or False: All eukaryotic cells contain peroxisomes

True

A microfilament is assembled from _____ monomers.

actin

Junctions that link intermediate filaments of adjacent cells together, while still allowing for stretching of the cells are called ______ junctions

anchoring

Identify the functions that peroxisomes perform.

break down fatty acids break down toxic substances produce cholesterol

Plant cells have large ______ ______ where materials are broken down and recycled with enzymes similar to lysosomes in animal cells.

central vacuoles

The pigment found in chloroplasts that gives plants their green color and is involved in the harvesting of ight energy is called _______.

chlorophyll

The site of photosynthesis in plant cells is the ______.

chloroplast

although both are involved in movement and transportation, ____ are short and numerous, whereas ____ are longer and occur singly or in pairs.

cillia, flagella

To view cellular proteins, a scientist must use a(n) ________ microscope.

electron

The internal membranes of several organelles are connected, either directly or through vesicle transport, by the _____ system.

endomembrane

The ____ of lysosomes are made in the rough ER and packaged in a vesicle in the Golgi apparatus, forming a lysosome.

enzymes

The ______ of lysosomes are made in the rough ER and packages in a vesicle in the Golgi apparatus, forming a lysosome.

enzymes

The best model of the structure of the cell membrane is called the _____ ____ model because many of the component can move freely within the cell membrane and the components appear as 'patchwork'.

fluid mosaic

Match the part of the phospholipid with its behavior in water.

head region -- hydrophilic tail region -- hydrophobic

Choose all of the following functions that a lysosome can perform.

initiate cell death process cholesterol digest engulfed bacteria recycle old organelles

The ______ ______ of the cytoskeleton is made of different protein complexes in different specialized cell types

intermediate filament

organelles carry out specialized functions in the cell and are separated within the cell by internal _____.

membranes

Which component of the cytoskeleton interacts with the protein myosin and participates in muscle contraction?

microfilament

Rank the components of the cytoskeleton from smallest to largest diameter.

microfilament>> Intermediate filament>> microtubule

Tubulin protein monomers assembles into a hollow tube to form ______, which are used in cell division and transport within cells.

microtubules

Cell types that are metabolically active such as neurons and muscle cells are likely to have many _______ to help produce the required energy.

mitochondria

DNA is stored in the ______ of eukaryotic cells.

nucleus

Organelles that originate in the ER, have a single membrane and contain enzymes which dispose of toxic substances are called

peroxisomes

_____ is the process by which energy from sunlight is used to produce glucose

photosynthesis

Certain features of this cell allow it to be identified as a(n) _______ cell, which belongs to Domain ________.

plant, Eukarya

The cell in the image is a(n) ______.

prokaryote

Proteins to be secreted outside the cell are produced at ribosomes on the ________ endoplasmic reticulum.

rough

Impermeable barriers between cells are formed by ______ junctions to prevent passage of ions

tight

A microtubule is composed of ______ monomers

tubulin

As an object increases in size, the _____ increases faster than the surface area.

volume