HSES 244 exam 1 KU

characteristics of a profession

-It is based upon a complex, systematic body of theoretical knowledge. -It accepts individuals who have attained extensive knowledge and experience through a formal educational process. -It requires standards and competencies for entry, often through a certification process. -It provides mechanisms and opportunities for growth and development within the field to ensure adherence to established standards, competencies, practices, and judgment. -It serves a socially valuable function that has received societal recognition and status. -It is governed by a code of ethics to protect those served.

What are at least two professional organizations (other than AAHPERD) of interest to you and identify two specific services they provide to their members?

-National Athletic Trainers' Association -American College of Sports Medicine -American Society of Exercise Scientists -American Society of Biomechanics -North American Society for Sport Management -North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity -National Strength and Conditioning Association -Journals; conferences; job postings; networking

what is pedagogy

-The study of theories and application of teaching methods. -The art and science of teaching includes designing appropriate instructional content, facilitating the learning process, and ensuring the achievement of learning outcomes.

what is an academic discipline

A formal body of knowledge discovered, developed, and disseminated through scholarly research and inquiry. It includes a body of knowledge, a conceptual framework, scholarly procedures and methods of inquiry, and both the process of discovery and the end result.

goals of healthy people 2020

-Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. -Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. -Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. -Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

benefits of being physically active

-Help maintain weight -Increase muscular strength and endurance -Improve cardiorespiratory (aerobic) fitness -Build bone mass -Control blood pressure -Reduce anxiety and stress

contributions: exercise physiology

Based on an understanding of the anatomic and physiological bases of human movement, exercise physiologists investigate the biochemical reactions that supply muscles with energy and examine changes in the cardiovascular system and other physiological parameters.

contributions: sport biomechanics

Biomechanists study factors that influence human movement such as the force of muscular contraction, flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of muscles, the composition of muscle fiber, equilibrium, center of gravity and base of support, transfer of momentum, force absorption, and leverage.

contributions: exercise and sport psychology

Exercise and sport psychologists study the theories of learning, importance of reinforcement, and linkages of perceptual and motor factors as well as achievement motivation, arousal, attribution, and personality development.

contributions: sport management

Individuals working in sport management plan, organize, direct, and evaluate sporting events utilizing the business components of marketing, accounting, economics, finance, and law.

Primary message of the Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health?

People of all ages, both male and female, benefit from regular physical activity.

body composition

Percent body fat or lean body mass

Principles of training

Progression Regularity Overload Variety Individualism Realism Reversibility and recovery Balance Specificity

contributions: sport history

Sport historians study descriptive history including events, individuals' contributions, and pivotal happenings as well as analyze the significance of historical occurrences and their interpretations within the societal context.

contributions: sport philosophy

Sport philosophers examine and analyze thoughts and aspirations in seeking an understanding about how and why certain factors influence human behavior.

flexibility

The ability of a joint to move freely through its full range of motion

muscular endurance

The ability of muscles to exert sub-maximal force repeatedly over a period of time

cardiorespiratory endurance

The ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity

muscular strength

The ability to exert maximum force against resistance

contributions: motor development

The motor development specialist understands how the performance of motor skills are influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors as individuals progress from unskilled movements to the learning of complex motor patterns and that perceptual-motor skills are important to the learning of sport skills.

contributions: motor learning

The motor learning specialist studies the relationship of movements to prior knowledge and skills, transfer of learning, the involvement of cognitive processes, types of practice sessions, and feedback

contributions: sport sociology

The sport sociologist seeks to understand why people play and how their involvement with sports influences them by examining concepts such as social mobility, class and gender stratification, racial and ethnic discrimination, team dynamics, and social consciousness and values.

agility

ability to change directions rapidly and accurately

power

ability to exert force rapidly through a combination of strength and speed

balance

ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving

coordination

ability to perform motor tasks smoothly and accurately

speed

ability to quickly perform a movement

reaction time

ability to respond or react quickly to a stimulus

Skill-related components

agility balance coordination power reaction time speed

values

are anything having relative worth

Sports

are competitive physical activities governed by formal or informal rules that involve competition against an opponent or oneself and are engaged in for fun, recreation, or reward.

principles

are universal rules of conduct that identify what kinds of actions, intentions, and motives are valued.

Health-related fitness components

cardiorespiratory endurance muscular strength muscular endurance flexibility body composition

Variety

changing equipment, exercises, and activities to avoid boredom, reduce risk of overuse injuries, and increase motivation or adherence

contributions: athletic training

design and help implement conditioning programs, assess injuries and give immediate first aid, provide preventive taping and treatment modalities, and work with physicians to help athletes regain their abilities to perform.

affective development

emphasizes the development of attitudes, appreciations, and values (includes social and emotional dimensions), such as self-confidence, affiliation, value judgments, character development, communication skills, courtesy, fair play, self-control, self-discipline, fun, tension release, self-expression, and learning how to win and how to lose

psychomotor development

emphasizes the learning of fundamental movements, motor skills, and sports skills, including manipulative skills, perceptual-motor skills, fundamental game skills, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, body composition, agility, balance, neuromuscular coordination, power, and speed

Recovery

ensuring optimal amount of rest and sleep to allow for rebuilding tissues and replenishing stored energy

Reversibility

fitness improvements are lost when demands on the body are lowered

teleological or consequential (utilitarianism)

focus on the end results or consequences of processes or occurrences; the ultimate standard of what is morally right is dependent or the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.

cognitive development

focuses on the acquisition, comprehension, analysis, synthesis, application, and evaluation of knowledge, such as body functioning, health, growth and development, motor learning, game rules, skills, strategies, and safety

Balance

focusing on all of the health-related components of physical fitness, push and pull movements of each joint and between the upper- and lower-body

FIIT principles

frequency intensity time type

Intensity

how hard a person should exercise

Time

how long or the duration a person should exercise

Frequency

how often a person should train

the five traditional philosophies

idealism realism naturalism pragmatism existentialism

Progression

increasing gradually the stress on the muscles so the body can adapt

Physical education

is a process through which an individual obtains optimal physical, mental, and social skills and fitness through physical activity.

moral acting

is how we act based on what we know and value. *the most important

moral valuing

is the basis of what we believe about ourselves, society, and theories around us.

moral knowing

is the cognitive phase of learning about moral issues and how to resolve them.

sport history

is the descriptive and analytical examination of significant people, events, organizations, and trends that shaped the past

motor development

is the maturation and changes in motor behavior throughout life and the factors that affect them

Exercise science

is the scientific analysis of the human body in motion; this broad term encompasses exercise physiology, biomechanics, kinesiology, anatomy, physiology, motor behavior, and some aspects of sports medicine.

athletic training

is the study and application of the prevention, analysis, treatment, and rehabilitation of ports injuries.

sport and exercise psychology

is the study of human behavior in sport, including an understanding of the mental processes that interact with motor skill performance.

ethics

is the study of moral values or the doing of good toward others or oneself; the study of the principles of human duty; the study of all moral qualities that distinguish an individual relative to others

sport philosophy

is the study of the beliefs and values of humans as displayed within sport and an analysis of their meaning and significance

exercise physiology

is the study of the causes and consequences of bodily functioning and changes occurring due to physical activity

sport biomechanics

is the study of the effects of anatomical and physiological effects of natural laws and internal and external forces acting on the human body during movement

motor learning

is the study of the internal processes associated with movement or repetitive actions that result in changes in response or performance

sport sociology

is the study of the social relationships of gender, race, ethnicity, class, and culture in the context of sport and the social behavior of individuals, groups, organizations, institutions, and societies in sporting contexts.

sport management

is the study of the theoretical and applied aspects of leading, planning, organizing, staffing, funding, and conducting sporting events

Type

kind or mode of exercise performed

Individualism

knowing capabilities and limitations so can maintain strength and work on weaknesses

naturalism

laws of nature govern life and individual goals

three parts of the moral reasoning

moral knowing moral valuing moral acting

Regularity

number of times exercising per week

moral

pertains to an individual's motives, intentions, and actions as right or wrong, virtuous or vicious, or good or bad

Overload

placing increasing amounts of stress on the body to cause adaptations that improve fitness

pragmatism

reality is a total of individual experiences within a social context

realism

scientific laws are independent of human experiences

Realism

setting achievable training plans and goals to help maintain a program

deontological or nonp-consequntail (Kantian)

state that actions must conform to absolute rules of moral behavior; there is an inherent rightness apart from all consequences.

idealsim

the truth is universal and absolute

Specificity

training exact areas of muscles, energy systems, and ranges of motion to improve fitness

existentialism

truth and values are based on one's experiences