HSES 244 exam 1 KU
characteristics of a profession
-It is based upon a complex, systematic body of theoretical knowledge. -It accepts individuals who have attained extensive knowledge and experience through a formal educational process. -It requires standards and competencies for entry, often through a certification process. -It provides mechanisms and opportunities for growth and development within the field to ensure adherence to established standards, competencies, practices, and judgment. -It serves a socially valuable function that has received societal recognition and status. -It is governed by a code of ethics to protect those served.
What are at least two professional organizations (other than AAHPERD) of interest to you and identify two specific services they provide to their members?
-National Athletic Trainers' Association -American College of Sports Medicine -American Society of Exercise Scientists -American Society of Biomechanics -North American Society for Sport Management -North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity -National Strength and Conditioning Association -Journals; conferences; job postings; networking
what is pedagogy
-The study of theories and application of teaching methods. -The art and science of teaching includes designing appropriate instructional content, facilitating the learning process, and ensuring the achievement of learning outcomes.
what is an academic discipline
A formal body of knowledge discovered, developed, and disseminated through scholarly research and inquiry. It includes a body of knowledge, a conceptual framework, scholarly procedures and methods of inquiry, and both the process of discovery and the end result.
goals of healthy people 2020
-Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. -Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. -Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. -Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.
benefits of being physically active
-Help maintain weight -Increase muscular strength and endurance -Improve cardiorespiratory (aerobic) fitness -Build bone mass -Control blood pressure -Reduce anxiety and stress
contributions: exercise physiology
Based on an understanding of the anatomic and physiological bases of human movement, exercise physiologists investigate the biochemical reactions that supply muscles with energy and examine changes in the cardiovascular system and other physiological parameters.
contributions: sport biomechanics
Biomechanists study factors that influence human movement such as the force of muscular contraction, flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of muscles, the composition of muscle fiber, equilibrium, center of gravity and base of support, transfer of momentum, force absorption, and leverage.
contributions: exercise and sport psychology
Exercise and sport psychologists study the theories of learning, importance of reinforcement, and linkages of perceptual and motor factors as well as achievement motivation, arousal, attribution, and personality development.
contributions: sport management
Individuals working in sport management plan, organize, direct, and evaluate sporting events utilizing the business components of marketing, accounting, economics, finance, and law.
Primary message of the Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health?
People of all ages, both male and female, benefit from regular physical activity.
body composition
Percent body fat or lean body mass
Principles of training
Progression Regularity Overload Variety Individualism Realism Reversibility and recovery Balance Specificity
contributions: sport history
Sport historians study descriptive history including events, individuals' contributions, and pivotal happenings as well as analyze the significance of historical occurrences and their interpretations within the societal context.
contributions: sport philosophy
Sport philosophers examine and analyze thoughts and aspirations in seeking an understanding about how and why certain factors influence human behavior.
flexibility
The ability of a joint to move freely through its full range of motion
muscular endurance
The ability of muscles to exert sub-maximal force repeatedly over a period of time
cardiorespiratory endurance
The ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity
muscular strength
The ability to exert maximum force against resistance
contributions: motor development
The motor development specialist understands how the performance of motor skills are influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors as individuals progress from unskilled movements to the learning of complex motor patterns and that perceptual-motor skills are important to the learning of sport skills.
contributions: motor learning
The motor learning specialist studies the relationship of movements to prior knowledge and skills, transfer of learning, the involvement of cognitive processes, types of practice sessions, and feedback
contributions: sport sociology
The sport sociologist seeks to understand why people play and how their involvement with sports influences them by examining concepts such as social mobility, class and gender stratification, racial and ethnic discrimination, team dynamics, and social consciousness and values.
agility
ability to change directions rapidly and accurately
power
ability to exert force rapidly through a combination of strength and speed
balance
ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving
coordination
ability to perform motor tasks smoothly and accurately
speed
ability to quickly perform a movement
reaction time
ability to respond or react quickly to a stimulus
Skill-related components
agility balance coordination power reaction time speed
values
are anything having relative worth
Sports
are competitive physical activities governed by formal or informal rules that involve competition against an opponent or oneself and are engaged in for fun, recreation, or reward.
principles
are universal rules of conduct that identify what kinds of actions, intentions, and motives are valued.
Health-related fitness components
cardiorespiratory endurance muscular strength muscular endurance flexibility body composition
Variety
changing equipment, exercises, and activities to avoid boredom, reduce risk of overuse injuries, and increase motivation or adherence
contributions: athletic training
design and help implement conditioning programs, assess injuries and give immediate first aid, provide preventive taping and treatment modalities, and work with physicians to help athletes regain their abilities to perform.
affective development
emphasizes the development of attitudes, appreciations, and values (includes social and emotional dimensions), such as self-confidence, affiliation, value judgments, character development, communication skills, courtesy, fair play, self-control, self-discipline, fun, tension release, self-expression, and learning how to win and how to lose
psychomotor development
emphasizes the learning of fundamental movements, motor skills, and sports skills, including manipulative skills, perceptual-motor skills, fundamental game skills, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, body composition, agility, balance, neuromuscular coordination, power, and speed
Recovery
ensuring optimal amount of rest and sleep to allow for rebuilding tissues and replenishing stored energy
Reversibility
fitness improvements are lost when demands on the body are lowered
teleological or consequential (utilitarianism)
focus on the end results or consequences of processes or occurrences; the ultimate standard of what is morally right is dependent or the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.
cognitive development
focuses on the acquisition, comprehension, analysis, synthesis, application, and evaluation of knowledge, such as body functioning, health, growth and development, motor learning, game rules, skills, strategies, and safety
Balance
focusing on all of the health-related components of physical fitness, push and pull movements of each joint and between the upper- and lower-body
FIIT principles
frequency intensity time type
Intensity
how hard a person should exercise
Time
how long or the duration a person should exercise
Frequency
how often a person should train
the five traditional philosophies
idealism realism naturalism pragmatism existentialism
Progression
increasing gradually the stress on the muscles so the body can adapt
Physical education
is a process through which an individual obtains optimal physical, mental, and social skills and fitness through physical activity.
moral acting
is how we act based on what we know and value. *the most important
moral valuing
is the basis of what we believe about ourselves, society, and theories around us.
moral knowing
is the cognitive phase of learning about moral issues and how to resolve them.
sport history
is the descriptive and analytical examination of significant people, events, organizations, and trends that shaped the past
motor development
is the maturation and changes in motor behavior throughout life and the factors that affect them
Exercise science
is the scientific analysis of the human body in motion; this broad term encompasses exercise physiology, biomechanics, kinesiology, anatomy, physiology, motor behavior, and some aspects of sports medicine.
athletic training
is the study and application of the prevention, analysis, treatment, and rehabilitation of ports injuries.
sport and exercise psychology
is the study of human behavior in sport, including an understanding of the mental processes that interact with motor skill performance.
ethics
is the study of moral values or the doing of good toward others or oneself; the study of the principles of human duty; the study of all moral qualities that distinguish an individual relative to others
sport philosophy
is the study of the beliefs and values of humans as displayed within sport and an analysis of their meaning and significance
exercise physiology
is the study of the causes and consequences of bodily functioning and changes occurring due to physical activity
sport biomechanics
is the study of the effects of anatomical and physiological effects of natural laws and internal and external forces acting on the human body during movement
motor learning
is the study of the internal processes associated with movement or repetitive actions that result in changes in response or performance
sport sociology
is the study of the social relationships of gender, race, ethnicity, class, and culture in the context of sport and the social behavior of individuals, groups, organizations, institutions, and societies in sporting contexts.
sport management
is the study of the theoretical and applied aspects of leading, planning, organizing, staffing, funding, and conducting sporting events
Type
kind or mode of exercise performed
Individualism
knowing capabilities and limitations so can maintain strength and work on weaknesses
naturalism
laws of nature govern life and individual goals
three parts of the moral reasoning
moral knowing moral valuing moral acting
Regularity
number of times exercising per week
moral
pertains to an individual's motives, intentions, and actions as right or wrong, virtuous or vicious, or good or bad
Overload
placing increasing amounts of stress on the body to cause adaptations that improve fitness
pragmatism
reality is a total of individual experiences within a social context
realism
scientific laws are independent of human experiences
Realism
setting achievable training plans and goals to help maintain a program
deontological or nonp-consequntail (Kantian)
state that actions must conform to absolute rules of moral behavior; there is an inherent rightness apart from all consequences.
idealsim
the truth is universal and absolute
Specificity
training exact areas of muscles, energy systems, and ranges of motion to improve fitness
existentialism
truth and values are based on one's experiences