HST 130 FINAL - SMITH

Most of the labor in building the public buildings of the national government in Washington, D.C., was done by

African-American slaves.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Trail of Tears?

At least one-quarter of the Indians perished during the winter of 1838-1839.

Why would historians want to analyze the diary of a plantation wife during the Reconstruction era?

Diaries show the attitudes of a person who lived during the time under study.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in February 1848

Ended the Mexican War

A significant theme of the Monroe Doctrine was that

European powers should refrain from further colonization in the Americas.

In the XYZ affair of 1797,

French officials presented American diplomats with a demand for bribes.

Which of the following is a true statement about Jackson's political beliefs?

He felt African-Americans should either remain as slaves or be freed and sent abroad.

Which statement accurately describes sharecropping?

It allowed a black family to rent part of a plantation, with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year.

The case that established judicial review was

Marbury v. Madison

This religion started after its leader claimed to have been led by an angel to a set of golden plates covered with strange writing, which he translated and later published.

Mormonism

Which of the following was a characteristic of Robert Owen's early-nineteenth-century utopian communities?

Owen promoted communitarianism as a way of making sure workers received the full value of their labor.

Which is true of Martin Van Buren's campaign for president?

Rather than being dangerous and divisive, he believed political parties were a necessary and desirable element of political life.

The two political parties of the mid-1790s were the

Republicans and Federalists

On their journey of exploration from Missouri to Oregon, Lewis and Clark were accompanied by the American Indian interpreter

Sacajawea.

Stretching from Maine to Kentucky, this was the most successful of the religious communities in the mid-1800s.

Shakers

Which statement below best explains Sojourner Truth's intent by repeating the question, "Ar'n't I a Woman?"

She highlights the fact that African African-American women could not even be treated in the condescending but courteous way that white women were complaining about, because they were slaves.

Which of the following was part of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

Slavery was prohibited in the remaining Louisiana Territory north of 36°30'.

Which of the following was a difference between the Democrats and the Whigs during the Jackson years?

The Whigs favored public measures and other policies to regulate personal morality; the Democrats did not.

With the Louisiana Purchase,

The size of the nation doubled

Which of the following was a Confederate advantage in fighting the Civil War?

The southern commander, General Lee, was a skilled tactician who hoped that a series of defeats would weaken the North's resolve.

In President Andrew Johnson's view, African-Americans ought to play what part in Reconstruction?

They should have no role in shaping policies.

The American Colonization Society called for

a gradual end to slavery and the resettlement of blacks outside the United States.

A "carpetbagger" was

a northerner who settled in the South after the war.

The Second Great Awakening was

a popular religious revival that swept the country in the early 1800s.

One of the most significant political consequences that resulted from the spread of cotton agriculture across the South into the Southwest of the nation was that

a type of aristocracy emerged that, while it was just a small portion of the population, became quite wealthy and dominated the states of the region politically and socially, and held an outsized amount of power in the national government.

The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in December 1865,

abolished slavery throughout the Union.

The Fugitive Slave Act

allowed federal commissioners to determine the fate of fugitives without the benefit of a trial or testimony by the accused individual.

The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 negotiated

an end to fighting between France and the United States.

New York City and Philadelphia experienced what type of violent events in the 1840s and 1850s?

anti-immigrant riots

One reason the Civil War is often considered the first war of the modern era is that

civilians were able to follow the course of the war every day due to the telegraph and widespread access to print media.

Which of the following groups was a major target of the New York City draft riots?

conscription officers

What 1793 invention spurred the rise of the Cotton Kingdom and fueled demand for slaves?

cotton gin

According to chapter 9 of the textbook, farmers who settled in the midwestern part of the continent during the first half of the nineteenth century

enjoyed economic gains due to increased transportation networks and access to the market economy.

One of the main purposes of the Freedmen's Bureau was to

ensure a working system of labor relations between former slaves and former slaveholders.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854

established the principal of popular sovereignty to decide the status of slavery

T or F: During the Civil War, the North instituted a draft, but the South never did.

false

T or F: Free blacks gained the right to vote in every state in the Union after 1800.

false

T or F: Horace Mann argued that it was not a school's responsibility to reinforce social stability by rescuing students from the influence of parents who failed to instill the proper discipline in their children.

false

T or F: The American Temperance Society, founded in 1826, directed its efforts to redeeming habitual drunkards, not the occasional social drinker.

false

T or F: The Know-Nothing Party was founded as a crusade against slavery

false

T or F: The Shawnee brothers Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa led the way in promoting Indian adoption of white customs.

false

T or F: The nineteenth century's "cult of domesticity" applied to slave women as well as white women.

false

"Slave patrols" were

farmers who kept a lookout for runaway slaves.

In 1853-1854, President Millard Fillmore dispatched American warships to Japan under the command of Commodore Matthew Perry to

force a trade treaty with an outright demand that the Japanese deal with the United States.

What did three amendments to the U.S. Constitution guarantee to former slaves shortly after the Civil War?

freedom from slavery; recognition as citizens; and the vote for adult black men

What was the primary killer of Civil War soldiers?

infectious diseases

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony opposed the Fifteenth Amendment because

it outlawed discrimination in voting based on race but not gender.

"Impressment" as practiced by the British was

kidnapping sailors.

The Black Codes were

laws that sought to regulate the lives of former slaves in the South.

Nat Turner

led an 1831 slave uprising in Virginia, killing about sixty whites.

The expansionist spirit of the early nineteenth century that God intended the American nation to reach all the way to the Pacific Ocean was called

manifest destiny

In the aftermath of the War of 1812, Americans tended to view Canadians as

monarchial and lacking in an understanding of liberty.

There were calls by some expansionists for the United States to annex all of Mexico, yet the movement failed because

of the fear that the nation could not assimilate the large non-white Catholic population.

The Homestead Act

offered 160 acres of free public land to settlers in the West.

The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

prohibited federal and state governments from denying any citizen the vote because of race.

When Texas declared itself independent of Mexico, its new constitution

protected slavery even though Mexico had earlier abolished slavery.

In the mid-1800s, this concept had replaced class as the boundary between those American men who were entitled to enjoy political freedom and those who were not.

race

The Alien Act of 1798 reflected fear of immigrants possessing

radical political views

Chicago's spectacular growth between 1830 and 1860 was principally due to

railroads

The Civil War is sometimes called "the first modern war" because it used weapons and other technological advances of the industrial revolution. Which of the following was one of these advances?

railroads

In 1860, the largest economic investment in the United States was in

slaves

Abraham Lincoln's January 1, 1863, Emancipation Proclamation freed

some slaves, but exempted those in areas under Union control.

What effect did the Embargo of 1807 have on manufacturing in the United States?

stimulated its growth

The objective of Gabriel's rebellion of 1800 was to

take over the city of Richmond and hold whites as hostages.

President James Madison favored a system of national economic incentives for manufacturers, a protective tariff, a new national bank, and federal financing of roads and canals that came to be known as

the American System

Radical Republicans in the Reconstruction era shared the view that

the Union victory created an opportunity to institutionalize the principle of equal rights regardless of race.

The "Second War of Independence" was

the War of 1812

"Manifest destiny" was

the belief that the United States had a divinely appointed mission to expand westward.

The population rush into California in 1848 was a result of

the discovery of gold

The Free Soil Party's platform called for

the government to bar slavery from the western territories and provide land free in the territories to people who wanted to homestead there.

Which of the following was a mounting source of concern over the effects of the market revolution?

the increasing dependence of workers upon wage labor

Two of the most significant factors in the spread and increase of cotton agriculture across the South and West of the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century were

the invention of the cotton gin and the availability of the Louisiana Territory.

Paternalism meant

the master was the head of the system, including providing his slaves with protection and the right of care.

The "Revolution of 1800" was

the peaceful transfer of the office of the presidency between political parties.

What activity made the postemancipation experience in the United States unique from other societies and became central to the former slaves' desire for empowerment and equality?

the right to vote within two years of the end of slavery

In the Compromise of 1850,

the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia

The Era of Good Feelings was so-called because

they were years of one-party government.

What was General Grant's strategy in 1864 that became a turning point in the war for ultimate Union victory?

to use as many Union troops on the battlefield as possible in a war of attrition

Between 1848 and 1860, American trade with China

tripled

T or F: "Scalawags" was a derogatory term used to describe southern white Republicans.

true

T or F: Although denied the ballot, women found a voice in the public sphere during the 1820s and 1830s.

true

T or F: Black Codes sometimes assigned black children to work for their former masters without parental consent.

true

T or F: By the 1840s, southern leaders were convinced that slavery must expand or die.

true

T or F: During Reconstruction, some 2,000 African-Americans held public office, among them fourteen in the U.S. House of Representatives and two U.S. senators.

true

T or F: During the 1820s and 1830s, an emergent labor movement began voicing concerns about harsh working conditions, economic insecurity, and growing inequalities of wealth.

true

T or F: During the market revolution, the emergence of organized political parties spurred newspaper publication.

true

T or F: In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that African-Americans had no rights that whites were compelled to recognize.

true

T or F: Lincoln was initially not concerned with the issue of slavery as his paramount concerns were to keep the border slave states in the Union and to build the broadest base of support in the North for the war effort.

true

T or F: More Americans died in the Civil War than in any other war in U.S. history.

true

T or F: The 1828 "tariff of abominations" led to the nullification crisis.

true

T or F: The prevalence of plantation slavery kept the South from matching northern rates of immigration, industrial development, and urban growth.

true

In response to the nomination of Stephen Douglas's Democratic candidacy, seven of the southern delegates

walked out of the convention, causing it to recess in confusion.

The Republican Party, founded in 1854,

was a coalition of antislavery Democrats, northern Whigs, Know-Nothings, and Free Soilers

Black Americans who refused to sign labor contracts to work for whites during Reconstruction

were often arrested and hired out to white landowners.

Early U.S. textile mills relied largely on the labor of

women and children

In the mid-1800s, few plantations had dedicated buildings for slave worship so most slaves

worshipped in secret or in biracial churches with white ministers.