HST 180-Final: Unit Exams 1-4
Quotes relating to the paying of taxes to Caesar
"Is it right to pay taxes to Caesar or not" "Show me the coin used to pay the tax"
Princeps
"first citizen" -New Rome
Wergeld means
"man gold"
Caesar was known as:
-Augustus (27 BC) -Emperor of Rome (23 BC) -Pontifex Maximus (13 BC) **died August 14**
Second punic war result
-Carthage gives up Spain for peace
What type of Roman government exists during the time of Christ?
-Empire *Republic is dead*
Ancient Greek Olympics
-Held in each Polis and appointed winners -these were all war games
What were the largest City-states?
-Kish, Lagash, Sumer, Ur, Uruk
River valley societies
-Mesopotamia -Sumerians *Fertile Crescent*
Benefits of Italy
-Surround by Mediterranean *high in trade power *new "place to trade"
Conquest: punic wars
-Tunisia -"Phoenician" -series of wars
Christianity as official religion
-art depictions show Him as Lord rather than good shepherd -Christian church duplicates the civil order of Rome -Bishops feel empowered to criticize emperor
How did Gaius Julius Caesar lead military?
-benefited from award as a military commission -led military across the Alps.
How is Christ a Roman subject?
-born one generation after Caesar's death
First punic war result
-control of Sicily -protection from financial loss
What Sumerian culture did the Amorites adopt?
-cuneiform -Ziggurat -Inventions
During border wars, what did the recession do?
-drained hard currency -took out of circulation -no new wealth coming in
How did Caesar Augustus improve Roman life?
-encourage marriage, children, and traditional morality
What are some lower level patricians
-equestrians -artisans -peasants
Philistines & Hebrews
-fight a lot -relevance by communication -established communication through sounds
First punic war cause
-fighting over territory of Sicily
River Valleys provided
-food -water -shelter -transportation
Romans create united community during Italy conquest:
-giving citizenship to Latin communities -giving self-government if they could supply Roman troops & have Roman policy -Roman colonies throughout peninsula
Rome's constitution
-imposing laws -enacting them -push back -revise -impose -enacting (happens in the senate)
What are some theories for the abrupt end to the Minoans?
-invasion -earthquake -volcano -Legend of Atlantis: Tsunami
Administering an empire
-large changes are made -represents in Augustus's name -half land under direct control -rules by military class
The Mycenaean civilization was
-not self-sufficient and had to trade many valuable commodities -depicted many years later in the Homeric epics -an ancestor of later Greek civilization
Roads and Transportation
-people moving are able to communicate more -imperial diversity
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
-plebeian leaders(brothers) -organized plebeians against patricians to have equal rights
Who did Gaius Julius Caesar mediate?
-pompey and crassus
What happens in the Roman economy?
-prices freeze -taxes are raised -"essential occupations"
The Info-Europeans
-provided the basis for almost all European languages -often fought and moved on horseback -established the Hittite kingdom in what is now Turkey
Roman society was influenced by Christianity how?
-reject gladiatorial games -exposure of unwanted children
What was the Rosetta Stone?
-stone discovered by a French Soldier -enabled translations -two forms of hieroglyphics and greek
What made Sparta unique?
-they were very superstitious and suspicious of others -very closed society -best trained/ toughest in battle
Roman republic construction
-water ways -pools degreeing in temperature -Roman amphitheater & engineering -turned Greek gods into Roman
Seven Wonders
1. Great Pyramids 2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon 3. Colossus of Rhodes 4. Lighthouse of Alexandria 5. Temple of Artemis 6. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 7. Statue of Zeus at Olympia
Identify the three general vows of Benedict's Rule
1. Stability 2. Conversion 3. Obedience
Identify the Seven Sacraments of the Medieval Church
1.) Baptism 2.) Confirmation 3.) Holy Communion 4.) Confession 5.) Marriage 6.) Holy Orders 7.) Anointing of the Sick
Jeweish Revolt began
66 AD
732
732 was the year the Battle of Tours took place. Charles Martel pushed the Muslims back beyond the Pyrenees Mountains; Europe is Chrisitan.
What era was Homer prevalent?
800 BC
Vesuvius
A "dormant" volcano that erupted and buried a Roman town - trapping people in ash and leading to an excellent archaeological dig.
What leader did Menes claim?
A Pharaoh: all human with divine thinking
Ur
A Sumerian city-state
Huns
A fierce tribe of horsemen originating in northern China that invaded eastern Europe.
Masada
A group of Jews barricaded themselves into Herod's old summer palace outside Jerusalem when Romans invaded. They successfully held the Romans off for several years, until they built a ramp. The Jews then killed themselves rather than serve as slaves.
According to the Bible, a major weakness of King Solomon stemmed from a. his practice of polygamy b. his lack of military skills c. how he oppressed his own people d. his love of riches
A.
According to the video study, Charlemagne's legacy can be seen in today's : a. European Union, with its use of unified coinage b. diverse church denominations, based on individual convictions c. practice in human trafficking d. pacifist movements, common among Mennonite and Quaker communities
A.
After becoming king of England, William the Conqueror: a. imposed a highly centralized feudal system in England b. retained all the Anglo-Saxon governmental institutions c. returned to France because he was only interested in looting, not in permanent occupation d. proclaimed himself emperor, successor to Charlemagne
A.
An important immediate result of the Black Death: a. a major shortage of labor b. the end of the Hundred Years' War c. the transfer of the papacy to Avignon d. the Renaissance
A.
As confirmed by our in-class study of Rome's "Twelve Tables" a. patricians and plebeians were not permitted to intermarry b. non-Romans were able to become full citizens with one year's residency c. the Roman Senate adopted the Ten Commandment, adding two uniquely Roman statutes d. men, women, and children all exercised the same measure of freedom and liberty, according to the Roman Constitution
A.
Genesis 1 and 2 record the account of: a. creation b. the flood c. the plagues d. Moses receiving the law
A.
Julius Caesar achieved supreme power in Rome by: a. defeating Pompey and his senatorial allies b. agreeing to support the Egyptian ambitions of Cleopatra VII c. forming a secret alliance with the Senate and the optimates d. calling for elections
A.
Muhammad believed that he was: a. the Prophet of God, rescuing the divine message from Christian and Jewish distortions b. founder of an entirely new religion c. an angel sent from God d. the successor to Jesus
A.
On their way to engage the Muslims in the Holy Lands, the Crusading armies of Western Europe passed through: a. the Eastern Empire, further weakening its defenses b. northern India, thereby establishing the Silk Road c. the Mongol Empire, which aroused its anger against Europe d. the landed estates of northern Europe, breaking down the lord-vassal relationships in the region
A.
Pope Innocent III: a. was able to reprimand kings of England, Aragon, France, Norway, and Poland and insist that they obey him b. preached the First Crusade c. was deposed because he embraced the Albigensian or Cathar heresy d. was murdered during the investiture struggle by orders of the emperor
A.
Sparta developed a strict military state and society in order toL a. Keep their conquered people, or "helots", in subjugation and slavery b. train their artists to create simple but powerful images c. compete victoriously in the Olympic Games d. dominate the trade and commerce of the entire Greek world
A.
The Byzantine emperor Justinian a. undertook a major codification of laws that has influenced law to the present b. was overthrown in the Nika riot c. tore down the Hagia Sophia because it was a center of heresy d. imposed and enforced draconian laws upon his subjects
A.
The goal of scholastic philosophy is the Middle Ages was to: a. reconcile faith with reason b. provide employment for professors c. refute the ideas of Abelard d. provide justification for monarchy
A.
The major problem faced by Alfred the Great in Anglo-Saxon England was: a. a major Danish invasion that overran half of England b. the resurgence of paganism among a partially Christianized population c. the lack of officials to carry out royal policies d. the growth of serfdom, which left the peasants discontent
A.
The popes began to claim spiritual authority over the Christian church because a. some biblical writings-mainly a passage from the Book of Matthew-could be cited in support of this idea b. the Germanic invasions were so destructive that for a time, the bishop of Rome was the only bishop remaining in the West c. Constantine, when he moved to Constantinople, left the government of Rome in the hands of its bishop d. of a need to full a power void
A.
The powerful female leader of Egypt who had herself represented as a man in statues: a. Hatshepsut b. Thutmose c. Nefertiti d. Amenhotep
A.
The two greatest scientific advances in the Islamic world were in: a. mathematics and medicine b. medicine and physics c. chemistry and mathematics d. biology and chemistry
A.
Unlike Plato, Aristotle a. argued that one had to observe and study actual entities rather than seek out ideal forms b. believed that monarchy was the best form of government for a polis c. rejected the study of logic d. believed mathematics was the ultimate route to all knowledge
A.
Which of the following is not true of the Ancient Greek olympic Games? a. men and women could compete together in some events b. they were pan-Hellenic, or open to Greeks from any city-state c. they were a religious festival in honor of Zeus d. Victorious athletes were richly rewarded with honor and free meals
A.
Which of the following is not true of the career of Jesus? a. he called for the overthrow of the Roman government b. he taught a message of peace, love, and care for the suffering and poor c. he was reported to have performed miracles and cures d. he was seen by his apostles to have risen from the dead after his crucifixion.
A.
Which of the following was not a result of agricultural improvements like the three-fold system? a. a dramatic drop in infant and child deaths b. a near doubling of the European population c. an expansion of European settlements d. a growth of freedom in agricultural areas, with the lessening of serfdom
A.
Which of the following was not an advantage for Athens in the war with Sparta? a. the best land army in Greece b. naval control of the Aegean c. long walls protecting harbor and city d. wealth and supplies from seaborne trade
A.
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding noble women in the early Middle Ages?
ALL OF THESE A. the church, by enforcing monogamy, enhanced position of the wife in medieval society B. Wives often managed their husband's estates when the latter were absent on military campaigns C. They could inherit and hold land
Virgil
Aenid: founding of Rome
Greek philosopher, remembered for his fables
Aesop
This Greek philosopher, remembered for his fables, training the next generation:
Aesop
Claudius
Age: 50 -- 41-54 AD, Offered Citizenship, South Britain Conquests, Free Greeks: Rivals, Murdered
Who did the Amorites conquer?
Akkadians and Sumer
The great intellectual whom Charlemagne employed to reform education?
Alcuin
Who was the great intellectual whom Charlemagne employed to reformed education
Alcuin
English scholar invited to Charlemagne's court to improve the clergy education
Alcuin of York
What two leaders signed the treaty that divided England people their two people groups?
Alfred and Guthrum
Ruled England, developed a strong administration, and promoted scholarship
Alfred the Great
Ruled England, developed a strong administration, promoted scholarship, converted to Christianity
Alfred the Great
In the period of the Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church A.) reaffirmed its traditional teaching on indulgences and purgatory B.) retained its faith in the Virgin Mary and the Saints C.) held to the authority of the Pope D.) All of these
All of these
Augustus improved the organization of imperial government by A.) Directly controlling about half of the provinces and sending representatives to govern them B.) creating a foreign service drawn from men of the equestrian class eager to advance C.) eliminating private tax collectors D.) All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
Marius established the Roman army as a professional, long-service corps with loyalty to the generals rather than to the state by: A.) recruiting landless men who would owe their livelihood to their general B.) placing soldiers on a payroll, making official the client-patron relationship between soldier and commander C.) promising land to the soldiers after their term of service D.) All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
The Islamic conquests in part because A.) the unification of the Bedouin and oasis Arabs created an effective fighting force B.) of the willingness of dissident Christians to prefer Muslim rule in place of Byzantine rule C.) of a belief that God supported their military expansion D.) All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
The Merovingians of the Frankish kingdom A.) were converted to orthodox rather than to Arian Christianity B.) were brutal and murderous C.) lost their real power to "mayors of the palace" D.) All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding noble women in the early Middle Ages? A.) The church, by enforcing monogamy, enhanced the position of the wife in medieval society B.) Wives often managed their husbands' estates when the latter were absent on military campaigns C.) They could inherit and hold land D.) All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
[NOLL] The early Christian Church benefited from its connection with Judaism prior to the Fall of Jerusalem by sharing belief: A.) personal revelation, believing that divine revelation held the keys to life's most important realities B.) written revelation, honoring sacred books and studying them diligently C.) leadership, in the form of local elders, priests, and ministers D.) All of these answers are correct
All of these answers are correct
[NOLL] Which of these advantages aided the spread of early Christianity after 70 A.D.? A.) canon - acceptance of an established body of Scripture as inspired B.) episcopacy - an organizing of the Church with established leaders C.) creed - concise statements of Christian belief
All of these answers are correct
[NOLL] According to Mark Noll, studying the history of Christianity has value, because it provides A.) perspective on the interpretation of Scripture B.) a laboratory for examining Christian interactions with surrounding cultures C.) opportunity in shaping proper attitudes, distinguishing between essential and less important matters D.) All of these answers are correct
All of these answers area correct
Among the Hebrew beliefs that have had an important impact on Western civilization was A.) the creation of the world at a specific time B.) the concept of ethical monotheism C.) that history was a purposeful, morally significant event D.) All these answers are correct
All these answers are correct
Luther's ideas spread rapidly in 16th-century Europe because A.) popular preachers told peasants in villages about Luther's ideas B.) they offered a simple and elegant solution to the query, "How do I know that I am saved?" C.) printing presses produced numerous widely-read pamphlets permitting many people to pick up Luther's ideas easily and quickly D.) All these answers are correct
All these answers are correct
Sugar growers in the New World turned to Africa as a slave source because A.) the great decline in the number of natives in the Americas made Columbus's suggestion of enslaving them impractical B.) Africans had a greater resistance to European diseases than the natives of the Americas and could survive in larger numbers C.) Some African chiefs found that they could profit enormously through this trade D.) All these answers are correct
All these answers are correct
The Great Schism A.) started when dissenting cardinals elected a second pope, who resided at Avignon rather than at Rome B.) led to an increasing criticism of the medieval church for it seeming concern for money at the expense of spiritual matters C.) saw most persons choosing to follow one pope over the other for political rather than religious reasons D.) All these answers are correct
All these answers are correct
The Greek gods A.) resembled human beings B.) shared the same virtues and defects as mankind C.) periodically interfered in human affairs D.) All these answers are correct
All these answers are correct
The Indo-Europeans of the Ancient world A.) provided the basis for almost all European languages B.) often fought and moved on horseback C.) established the Hittite kingdom in what is now modern Turkey D.) All these answers are correct
All these answers are correct
A major patron of Renaissance art and humanism A..) the Roman Church B.) Renaissance cities C.) Wealthy individuals D.) all these were major patrons
All these were major patrons
What did Assyria want to destroy?
All things Egyptian
What was the god of the Middle Kingdom?
Aman
What leader did the Middle Kingdom have?
Amon-Re
Who did the Assyrians conquer?
Amorites and Akkadians and Sumerians
Believed in adult baptism and refused oaths of allegiance
Anabaptists
Northumbria, Mercia, and Wessex were
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms prior to the unification of England
Rome's architectural success which delivered water great distances.
Aqueducts
This greatest of ancient inventors devised the value of pi, discovered the principle of the lever, and designed war machines to hold off a Roman attack on his native city, Syracuse:
Archimedes
Pericles
Architect of Athens -led rebuilding of Acropolis -in favor of Athens supremacy
An early Greek astronomer and mathematician:
Aristotle
These Ancient people are remembered as "terrorists," sadistically inflicting pain on prisoners and slaves; they invented crucifixion as a slow, agonizing method of death
Assyrians
The Delian League, a maritime union organized to defend the Aegean against Persia, soon became an empire led by this Greek city-state
Athens
What were the two main Polis's?
Athens and Sparta
According to the video study, Islamic scientific advances include: a. none of these, because Muhammad refused to allow education beyond childhood b. establishment of observations as part of the study of astronomy c. the use of letters as numbers, in contrast to the Greeks and Romans d. discoveries made in the New World by European explorers
B.
Along with preaching monotheism, Jewish prophet: a. declared the essence of faith to be making the proper sacrifices at the Temple b. preached that religion was not merely ritual, but also ethical behavior c. argued that all Jews should abandon Jerusalem for Babylon d. announced that God was indifferent to our behavior
B.
An important way in which the medieval world differed economically from the classical Greek and Roman world is that: a. its population was far smaller-about 10% of that of ancient times b. it was able tot make better use of technology, with its water mills and windmills c. its agricultural system was far less productive d. its population was more than double that of ancient times
B.
As recorded in Daniel 2, an Ancient World ruler had a dream which, with God's help was interpreted as: a. a series of plagues which would be visited on Nineveh unless its population repented b. a great statue which summarized the sequence of world empires until the establishment of Christ's kKingdom c. predicting the future greatness of Egypt d. foretelling of "a great ruler from the West"-Alexander
B.
As shown on the PSI map, Islam's greatest conversion success in the century following the death of Muhammad occurred: a. in Eastern Europe and Russia b. across North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula c. in Sub-Saharan Africa d. throughout India and the Southeast Indies
B.
During the era of Rome's Republic, Roman religion was: a. monotheistic b. filled with individual gods and goddesses for practically everything c. restricted to the worship of Jupiter and Juno d. a mystery cult, open only to those who had been initiated into the secret rituals
B.
Florence's silk trade boomed with the: a. arrival of silkworms from China b. arrival of the Chinese silk loom c. rise of banking d. rise of Venetian trade
B.
In "City of God", Augustine argued that even though the city of Rome had been sacked by the Visigoths, Christians should: a. not worry, since the city would be rebuilt b. focus on the worthiness of their own souls because the faithful would dominate at the end of time c. despair, since this was God's punishment d. work together with the pagans to build the perfect civil society
B.
In addition to preaching monotheism, the Jewish prophets also: a. declared that the essence of faith was making the proper sacrifices at the Temple in Jerusalem b. preached that religion was not merely ritual, but also ethical behavior c. argued that all Jews should abandon Jerusalem for Babylon d. announced that God was indifferent to human behavior
B.
In what way fix Christian behavior reshape Roman society? a. by rejecting celibacy b. by rejecting gladiatorial games and the exposure of unwanted children c. by banning the reading of the Homeric epics d. by banning the observance of the Passover
B.
Justinian's efforts to re-conquer the western Mediterranean: a. lead to the complete restoration of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean b. led to the reconquest of North Africa and a temporary reconquest of Italy c. failed because he was defeated by the Ostrogothic queen, Theodora d. were defeated by Attila the Hun
B.
Minoan civilization: a.was centered in mesopotamia b. had artists who often painted frescoes featuring religious rituals c. was destroyed by the Middle Kingdom of Egypt d. produced, as its greatest military leader, Alexander the Great
B.
Respectable Athenian women: a. traveled widely in the Greek world b. tended to stay within the home, presiding over spinning and weaving c. undertook regular gymnastic exercises d. regularly took part in civic affairs
B.
Socrates believed that: a. there are no standards of truth and justice; only success counts b. wisdom lies in the endless search for knowledge c. Alcibiades should have conquered the world d. all philosophical questions are meaningless
B.
The "Struggle of the Orders" in ancient Rome resulted in: a. the establishment of a permanent dictatorship b. three main social classes: patricians, equestrians, and poor plebeians c. the sack of Rome by the Visigoths d. the massacre of patricians by plebians
B.
The French scholar whose teachings on the Reformation appealed to many of the well-to-do throughout Europe: a. Machiavelli b. Calvin c. Menno Simons d. Melchior
B.
The Greek political reformer Cleisthenes: a. wrote epic poetry b. established Athens's constitution with many democratic features c. preached equal rights for Athenian women d. became a tutor to Alexander the Great
B.
The Jewish communities of the early Middle Ages: a. were almost exclusively rural b. began to engage in moneylending c. were usually organized into guilds d. were systematically expelled from almost all medieval cities
B.
The Roman Republic established: a. a fully democratic government b. an oligarchy controlled by the rich patricians c. a socialist regime, with property being equally distributed d. indirectly controlled by neighboring Etruscan kings
B.
The chief rivers of ancient Mesopotamia: a. the Nile and the Tigris b. the Tigris and the Euphrates c. the Nile and the Indus d. the Euphrates and the Ganges
B.
The city of Carthage: a. began as a Greek colony b. had an extensive trading network in the Mediterranean and Africa c. was ruled by its great king, Gilgamesh, at the time of the Punic Wars d. won the Punic Wards
B.
The city-state of Carthage: a. began as a Greek colony b. had an extensive trading network in the mediterranean and Africa c. was ruled by its great king, Gilgamesh, at the time of the Punic Wars d. won the Punic wars
B.
The reign of the Roman Emperor Diocletian was notable for: a. the revival of the Senate b. vigorous administrative measures and reorganization of the empire c. military defeat by the Parthians d. a return to a simple, republican style of life by the emperor
B.
The society the Vikings a. different radically from Germanic society b. resembled early Germanic society, but tended to be more violent c. was one of peaceful fishermen d. was influenced by Islamic society
B.
What was Arius's view of Jesus Christ? a. co-equal with Muhammad b. a great teacher, but not divine c. the Son of God d. a prophet, similar to Elijah, bringing a new revelation from God
B.
Which of the following was not true of the increasingly diverse Hellenistic world? a. the ruling class though Greek in language and culture, was open to non-Greeks who acquired Greek culture and language b. there was a growing Chinese influence, especially in the Antigonid kingdom of Macedonia c. women could travel more freely and participate in the arts d. Africans were more often represented in the visual arts
B.
Zoroaster's religious beliefs had a similarity to Jewish ideas in all of the following areas except the: a. need to live an ethical life b. need to observe strict dietary laws c. ultimate prevalence of the forces of good over the forces of evil d. revelation of the will of God to man
B.
According to our in-class exercise: In Medieval context, the displaying of a family crests on shields
Bearing Arms
Author of the Medieval history, the "Ecclesiastical History of the English People"
Bede
At what point had Egyptian culture run its course?
Before the birth of Christ
Gave the most decisive and benefits shape to monasticism
Benedict
[NOLL] Gave the most decisive and beneficial shape to monasticism
Benedict
Influential founder of monasticism in the West who established a balanced daily regime of work and prayer.
Benedict of Nursia
Where did Mary and Joseph likely go when Census was issued (along with other Jews)
Bethlehem
According to Luke 2, the birth of Christ A.) is associated with a census ordered by Caesar Augustus B.) was recognized, at least by Simeon, as making available salvation for Jews and Gentiles C.) both A & C are correct D.) None of these are correct
Both A & C are correct
Temple of Jerusalem
Built by Solomon
What is simony?
Buying and selling of church offices
According to Luke 2, the birth of Christ: a. is associated with a census ordered by Caesar Augustus b. was recognized, at least by Simeon, as making available salvation for Jews and Gentiles c. both A and B are correct d. non of these are correct
C.
According to Mark Noll, the study of church history is especially important for this reason: a. proving that Christian faith is one of many paths to heaven b. affirming that the faith of the church is more important than its particular governing system c. increasing our humility and gratitude to earlier believers, despite the record of our imperfections d. confirming the Protestant message of Luther, rejecting Calvin
C.
According to Mark Noll, what brought about the Fall of Jerusalem? a. Assyrian terrorists invaded from the north, seeking to steal away the Judean province from Roman control b. Christian zealots rose up against the Jewish aristocracy, which called upon Rome for gain revenge c. Jewish zealots rose up against Roman control of the province, resulting in a seven-year battle d. Islamic forces swept into the eastern Mediterranean from Constantinople, targeting all Jewish and Christian centers of worship
C.
According to Thucydides, the Peloponnesian War was caused by: a. Athens's attack on Sparta to free the Helots b. Persia's desire to conquer the Peloponnesus for its rich mines c. Sparta's fear of Athen's growing power d. Sparta's attempt to stop Athens from imposing monarchy on all Greek states
C.
As shown on the PSI map, the Bubonic Plague had considerably less impact in selects parts of Europe, d/t: a. access to the Atlantic b. access to the Mediterranean c. elevation d. the availability of medicines produced by Muslim scientists
C.
As shown on the video study, the Ancient Greek Olympics were competitions held among the city-states and many centuries; when the Romans conquered the Greeks: a. the games were discontinued b. all Greek athletes were put to death c. Rome adopted the games, expanding the competitions d. Greeks slaves continued to perform in game-like rituals as entertainment for Roman aristocrats
C.
As shown on the video study, the Greek Olympics consisted of many competitions, the most favorite being: a. javelin throw b. horse racing c. wrestling and boxing d. long-distance running
C.
Constantine shifted the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, later called Constantinople, because a. he had a major quarrel with the Roman Senate b. Rome had been sacked by the Visigoths c. he wished to locate the capital nearer to vital military frontiers d. he felt more Greek than Roman
C.
During the Hellenistic period, women: a. were increasingly sequestered from cultural, political, and economic life b. were granted political and voting rights in the most kingdoms c. were allowed freer access to economic and cultural professions d. gained the right to pass down their names and heritage to their children
C.
During the early Middle Ages it was believed that proper health depended on: a. an individual's daily prayer and practice of religious meditation b. vigorous exercise and a diet composed mainly of meat c. proper balance of the body's "humors" d. near-constant consumption of plants and meats
C.
How did newly-crowned Henry VII of England try to heal the breach between the noble factions? a. he lowered taxes on all of the nobles b. he gave the lands of nobles opposed to his rule to France c. he married Elizabeth of York d. he granted more powers to Parliament
C.
In order to improve the lives of the Romans, Caesar Augustus's: a. encouraged an opulent lifestyle of luxurious clothes and jewels for the rich b. favored the growing gap between rich and poor c. promoted legislation to encourage marriage, children, and traditional morality d. forced only non-Romans to serve in the military
C.
In the Second Punic War, Hannibal's strategy was to: a. blockade the Italian coast with the large Carthaginian fleet b. invade southern Italy with the aid of the Egyptian fleet c. swiftly cross the Alps into Italy and, by winning some big battles, persuade Rome's subject people to join his side d. entice the Romans to attack him in Spain, and defeat them there with his carefully prepared defenses
C.
Of the following literary and artistic figures of the late Middle Ages, choose the only correct match of person and work: a. Dante, a great Flemish painter, known for portrayals combination amazing realism with medieval symbolism b. Boccaccio: author of the "Divine Comedy", a literary masterpiece influenced by Scholastic theology and Aristotelian philosophy c. Chaucer: English author of "The Canterbury Tales", which provide a revealing look at fourteenth-century society d. Jan Van Etek: author of "The Decameron", a collection of tales told by Florentines living in a rural villa to escape the Black Death
C.
Paul of Tarsus taught that all followers of Jesus: a. must be circumcised and follow Jewish dietary laws b. must follow Jewish dietary laws but didn't have to be circumcised c. needed neither to be circumcised nor to follow Jewish dietary laws d. needed to come and sacrifice at the temple in Jerusalem
C.
Paul's missionary journeys, in particular his evangelistic outreach on Mars Hill, demonstrates the effectiveness of Rome's: a. prison system, permitting Paul to enjoy considerable freedom while under house arrest b. legal system, since Paul was able to appeal his conviction to a Roman governor and thus be freed c. transportation system, since Paul traveled through the eastern Mediterranean, including Athens d. communication network, because Paul never left his jail cell in Jerusalem
C.
Sumerian religion: a. was monotheistic b. proclaimed a joyous afterlife c. is notable for how pessimistic it was d. is notable for how optimistic it was
C.
The career of the Gracchi brothers initiated a period of civil wars in the Republic because: a. the brothers used political murder to subdue their enemies b. their reforms gave more power to the soldier-farmer elite than to other segments of society c. supporters of senatorial rule (optimates) became confrontational with supporters of popular rule (populares) d. all these answers are correct
C.
The great pyramids of Egypt were: a. monument to the Sumerian gods b. mostly composed of dried clay bricks c. important to the Egyptian belief in the afterlife d. built toward the end of Egyptian history
C.
The key process that laid the foundation of the feudal relationship was the: a. exploitation of the serfs by the lords b. paying of regular salaries by the lords to their vassals c. exchange of loyal military service for the granting of lands d. establishment of voluntary servitude by the serfs
C.
The most important achievement of the Capetian kings of France was probably: a. the defeat of the pope in the investiture controversy b. a successful invasion of England that overthrew William the Conqueror c. their expansion of royal authority by gaining control of most French provinces form the great feudal princes d. conquest of Spain
C.
The northern European intellectual who became known as the "Prince of the Humanists": a. Thomas Aquinas b. John Calvin c. Desiderius Erasmus d. Thomas More
C.
The purpose of Solon's reform was to: a. ensure that only men of aristocratic birth would control Athens b. return Athens to a Mycenaean-style monarchy c. open up participation in government to the newly wealthy d. establish himself securely as a tyrant
C.
The trade route by which precious goods moved from China to the Mediterranean: a. Han Highway b. Red Sea c. Silk Road d. Suez Canal
C.
Ultimately the Crusades: a. permitted the Byzantine Empire to regain the power that it had prior to the Turkish invasion b. destroyed Mecca, delivering a major blow to the Islamic world c. failed in their purpose, with the last crusader outpost seized by the Muslims in 1291 d. established permanent Christian control over Jerusalem
C.
What title did Ivan III take after establishing himself as the first new ruler of the Russian state? a. king b. emperor c. tsar d. pope
C.
Which of the following policies did Alexander not follow in his imperial rule? a. founding many cities to spread Greek urban life throughout the empire b. supporting intermarriage between Greeks and Asians c. obliterating all evidence of non-Greek culture d. recruiting Persian soldiers as part of a new combined army
C.
Who did the Roman Republic end with?
Caesar
How were Octavian and Caesar related?
Caesar was Octavian's uncle
Due to religious persecution, this reformer escaped to Switzerland, where he transformed Geneva along the lines of his theological beliefs.
Calvin
Arch of Titus
Carrying Off Temple Treasures
Focus of the First Punic War
Carthage
Third punic war cause
Carthage recovered economically, and was a threat to Roman trade
According to our in-class exercise, the person thought to be the model of a "saint"
Catherine of Alexandria
?
Charlemagne fostered an intellectual revival by bringing in many scholars. They are responsible for many literary accomplishments, including the invention of the question mark to signify a question.
Christmas Day, 800 A.D.
Charlemagne was crowned king by the Pope
The effectiveness of the Carolingian administration rested in large part upon
Charlemagne's designation of traveling inspectors, called missiles Dominic, to keep him informed
Of the following literary artistic figures of the late Middle Ages, choose the only correct match of person and work
Chaucer: English author of "The Canterbury Tales," which provide a revealing look at fourteenth-century society
Consuls
Checks and balances
First Triumvirate: Crassus
Chief rival (Spartacus) -power hungry-
A Medieval code of ethics that to some extent tamed the violence of feudal warriors
Chivalry
Council of Nicea
Christ has always existed
Greatest writer of Latin literature, an orator in the law courts and Senate who tried to preserve Rome's old values
Cicero
Saved Rome while serving as dictator and then returned to his plow and continued his life as a farmer
Cincinnatus
Saved Rome while serving as dictator and then returned to his plow and continued his life as a farmer.
Cincinnatus
Originating with the Sumerians, a settled expansive community, capable of self-government and self-defense
City-state
What conflict took place for the Mycenaeans?
Civil unrest: rivalry among cities
Queen of Egypt who had a relationship with both Caesar and Antony:
Cleopatra
The Queen of Egypt who had a relationship with both Julius Caesar and Marc Antony
Cleopatra
What Egyptian queen failed to save her throne?
Cleopatra
With what leader did the Roman Conquest end?
Cleopatra
Cleopatra
Cleopatra was the Queen of Egypt. She came alongside Julius Caesar in a partnership while he was the emperor of Rome. After he died, she became close with Marc Antony and helped him in his endeavors
A group of Medieval monks who were accountable only to the local abbot and through him, to the pope
Clunaic Order
A group of Benedictine monks who were accountable only to the local abbot and through him, the pope
Cluniac Order
A group of Medieval monks who were accountable only to the local abbot and through him, to the pope.
Cluniac Order
The main structure at Rome for the display of gladiator fights and mass criminal executions:
Colosseum
Used for the bloody display of gladiators, wild animal slaughter, and mass executions of condemned criminals
Colosseum
Used for the bloody display of gladiators, wild animal slaughter, and mass executions of condemned criminals.
Colosseum
Believed his ships had arrived on the outskirts of Asia, not far from the great and wealthy Asian empire
Columbus
Conciliarists
Conciliarism was a reform movement in the 14th-, 15th- and 16th-century Catholic Church which held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an Ecumenical council, apart from, or even against, the pope.
What was the focus of the New Kingdom?
Conquest and commerce
1453
Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire
This Roman office consisted of two chief executive officers, who presided over the Senate: _______-
Consul
The two chief executive officers of the Roman government, who led the armies and presided over the Senate.
Consuls
Gathering of Christian leaders to address key issues of the faith (ex: proper content of the Bible)
Council of Nicaea
[NOLL] Gathering of Christian leaders to address key issues of the faith (ex: proper content of the Bible)
Council of Nicaea
Reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine, despite the various Protestant challenges
Council of Trent
Minoan civilization arose on the island of:
Crete
What practice did the Assyrians invent?
Crucifixion
Based on the term from Latin meaning "wedge", this was Sumerian writing:
Cuneiform
The Sumerian system of writing
Cuneiform
Founder of the Persian Empire:
Cyrus
According to Mark Noll, studying the history of Christianity has value, because it provides: a. perspective on the interpretation of Scripture b. a laboratory for examining Christian interactions with surrounding cultures c. opportunity in shaping proper attitudes, distinguishing between essential and less important matters d. all of the above
D.
According to Mark Noll, the Nicaean Creed asserted each of these doctrinal standards except: a. Jesus was/is God, as part of the Trinity b. God the Son and God the father are one substance, One in the same c. Christ was both eternal God and born a Man d. God's Spirit entered Christ upon His baptism
D.
Alexander's legacy includes: a. the blending of greek and Asian cultures b. the idea of a single great empire of many peoples ruled by one king c. his political conquests, although in some regions these did not last long d. all these are correct
D.
Among the Hebrew beliefs that have had an important impact on Western civilization: a. the creation of the world at a specific time b. the concept of ethical monotheism c. that history was a purposeful, morally significant event d. all these are correct
D.
As discovered with our in-class exercise, the "Twelve Tables" represent: a. Rome's conquest of the Greeks, assimilating democratic ideals b. the influence of the Hebrews on the Romans c. Egypt's "intellectual conquest" of Rome d. a compromise between patrician rulers and plebeian subjects within Rome's Republic
D.
Athenian democracy differed from modern democracy in many ways, with several groups excluded. Which of the following were not excluded? a. women b. slaves c. metics, or resident foreigners d. poor people
D.
Caesar Augustus improved the organization of imperial government by: a. directly controlling about half of the provinces and sending representatives to govern them b. creating a foreign service drawn from men of the equestrian class eager to advance c. eliminating private tax collectors d. all of these are correct
D.
During the Hellenistic period: a. ancient middle Eastern and Greek civilizations joined in a manner that changed them both b. the eastern mediterranean was dominated by Greek language and culture c. rather than citizens ruling independent city-states, kings ruled large kingdoms d. all these answers are correct
D.
During the Persian Wars: a. Athens defeated Sparta b. Xerxes of Persia conquered Greece, ending Athenian democracy c. Athens and Sparta invaded Persia and destroyed the Persian Empire d. None of the these answers is correct
D.
In search of spiritual perfection, many early Christians: a. fled to the desert to live as hermits b. undertook self-denial, living on minimal food and sleep c. formed monastic communities d. all of these answers are correct
D.
Mycenacean civilization was: a. not self-sufficient and had to trade for many valuable commodities b. depicted many years later in the Homeric epics c. an ancestor of later Greek civilization d. all these answers are correct
D.
Rome completed its domination of the Mediterranean when: a. Constantine adopted Christianity b. Sulla defeated Mithradates c. Neuro defeated the Germans d. Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra
D.
The Great Schism: a. started when dissenting cardinals elected a second pope, who resided at Avignon rather than at Rome b. led to an increasing criticism of the medieval church for its seeming concern for money at the expense of spiritual matters c. saw most persons choosing to follow one pope over the other for political rather than religious reasons d. all these answers are correct
D.
The Greek gods: a. resembled human being b. shared the same virtues and defects as mankind c. periodically interfered in human affairs d. all these answers are correct
D.
The Maccabees led a Jewish revolt against King Antiochus IV because he: a. wanted to move all Jews to Egypt to establish a Jewish state there b. converted to Judaism and insisted on being appointed high priest c. forbade the Jews from trading with Minoans d. tried to Hellenize the Jews, and violated the Temple with an altar to Zeus
D.
The New Kingdom pharaoh Akhenaten: a. was the last pharaoh of Egypt b. overthrew his stepmother, Hatshepsut c. conquered Israel d. introduced new ideas in art and religion
D.
The Norman conquest of England: a. had little effect bc it was only a change of rulers b. led to the investiture controversy c. led to the rise of universities d. ultimately remade England by making it feudal under French-speaking kings
D.
The Ottoman janissaries were: a. tax collectors for the sultan b. nobles who ruled the provinces of the empire c. religious judges used to interpret Islamic law d. slaves raised to be warriors for the sultan
D.
The Romans has many architectural and engineering accomplishments. Which of the following was not among them? a. use of concepts b. building aqueducts c. building bridges d. post and lintel construction
D.
The apparently strong German monarchy of the Holy Roman Empire eventually foundered because of: a. the growing strength of major independent nobles in Germany b. conflict with the pope c. the German emperors' continued involvement in Italian politics, resulting in almost incessant wars d. all these answers are correct
D.
The early Christian Church benefited from its connection with Judaism prior to the Fall of Jerusalem by sharing belief in: a. personal revelation, believing that divine revelation held the keys to life's most important realities b. written revelation, honoring sacred books and studying them diligently c. leadership, in the form of local elders, priests, and ministers d. all of the above are correct
D.
The emperor Constantine affected the future of Christianity by: a. ending the persecutions b. supporting the church by giving them tax advantages and returning property c. building the first great churches and making the holy land a place of pilgrimage d. all of these answers are correct
D.
The medieval serf was: a. a slave, usually from outside Europe, purchased to do menial work on the manor b. a person who had no obligation to any other person in the social hierarchy c. a servant, specifically of the village priest d. not a slave, but was bound to the land, forbidden to leave it without permission
D.
The success of the Assyrian empire was based on: a. the use of iron weaponry and systematic brutality b. skilled administration and the spread of the Aramaic language c. skilled military engineers and a trained officer corps d. all these answers are correct
D.
The success of the Assyrian empire was based on: a. the use of systematic brutality to subdue its enemies b. skilled administration and the spread of the Aramaic language c. skilled military engineers and a trained officer corps d. all of these are correct
D.
Thomas Aquinas believed that: a. there was no point in studying the physical world b. all Aristotelian ideas should be rejected by Christians c. faith and reason are incompatible d. Christian faith and reason, the latter exemplified by Aristotelian philosophy, were compatible
D.
When Charlemagne's forces defeated the Lombards: a. Scandinavia was opened up to conquest and conversion b. North Africa was liberated from Muslim control c. the Vikings abandoned their alliance with Alfred the Great d. the Pope and the Roman Church were no longer under threat
D.
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding noble women in the early Middle Ages? a. the church, by enforcing monogamy, enhanced the position of the wife in medieval society b. wives often managed their husbands' estates when the latter were absent on military campaigns c. they could inherit and hold land d. all these answers are correct
D.
Which of the following is not true of the bubonic plague and its consequences? a. it showed that devastating diseases can move from animals to humans b. the disease caused a breakdown of law and order c. it resulted in the persecution of Jews d. once the plague ended, it never returned to Europe
D.
Which of the following was not a characteristic of the Carolingian monarchy under Charlemagne? a. a vigorous warrior-king who fought fifty-three campaigns, most of them successful b. an administrator who tried but ultimately failed to establish an effective and lasting mode of governing c. a monarch who promoted intellectual life, attracting some of the best scholars of his day to his court d. an attempt to conquer Constantinople to make Charlemagne a universal emperor
D.
Which of these advantages aided the spread of early Christianity after 70 A.D.? a. canon-acceptance of an established body of Scripture as inspired b. episcopacy-an organization of the Church with established leaders c. creed-concise statements of Christian belief d. all of these
D.
Who was patron god of Nineveh
Dagon
This Medieval pope commissioned Jerome to produce Latin Vulgate Bible
Damasus I
[NOLL] This Medieval pope commissioned Jerome to produce Latin Vulgate Bible
Damasus I
Twice, Alexander defeated this Persian king, who fled but was eventually murdered by his own guards:
Darius III
This Israelite king fixed his capital at Jerusalem
David
____________, King of Israel and successor of Saul, fixed his capital at Jerusalem
David
Book of the Dead
Describes mummification process and Egyptian beliefs about the afterlife
How did the Sumerians have success?
Despite defeat to the Akkadians, Sumer survived as a culture became the ancient world's standard -influenced the greeks and romans
England was invaded and conquered by who in 1066
Duke William of Normandy
An example of Rome's cultural influence in today's world: a. road construction techniques b. its calendar dating system c. sports stadiums d. coinage e. all of these
E.
The short reign of this English monarch is still significant, because it was during this period that England really became Protestant.
Edward VI
Roman Conquest
Egypt almost ceased (upon Christ's birth and childhood, Egypt is history)
How did the Middle Kingdom protect themselves?
Egypt built a military force
How was Egypt affected through the New Kingdom?
Egypt was reunited
What was the name of the New Capitol of the New Kingdom?
El Amarna
The religious policy of this English monarch is best characterized as moderately Protestant, permitting all Protestants to worship together even if they had different doctrinal beliefs.
Elizabeth I
Who has the supreme power of the Roman Empire?
Emperor
Caligula
Emperor, 37-41, Military Support, Became Ill - Insane, Conquest of Britain: he collected sea shells, Murdered
Nero
Emperor: AD 54-68, Highly Educated -- Seneca -- Regent, Killed Mother, Insanity: Fire (destroyed the capital city) he decided to watch it burn, AD64, Persecuted Christians, Conquered Britain, Suicide
Sumerian Literature
Epic of Gilgamesh (comparable to great flood)
A greek philosopher who believed in maximizing pleasure and avoiding pain:
Epicurus
Dominated the people of Latium, imposing a king and taxes, until 506 B.C.
Etruscans
The ________ were a neighboring non-Indo-European people who ruled over the people of Latium for about a century.
Etruscans
One of the two major rivers of ancient Mesopotamia
Euphrates
[PSI] According to the video study, Charlemagne's legacy can be seen in today's
European Union, with its use of unified coinage
Ahura Mazda was the great prophet of the Persian religion.
False
Alexander's empire stretched as far as the Pacific coast of China
False
Anabaptists escaped persecution during the Reformation, mainly due to their willingness to compromise on doctrine and not resist civil authority.
False
As our study of the "Demise of the Middle Ages" revealed, Europe's Medieval population was spared from the worst effects of the Bubonic Plague; however, India and China were devastated and depleted.
False
Athens established itself as the supreme ruler of Greece by defeating Sparta in the Peloponnesian War.
False
Because of the secularism of the Renaissance, the church was not a major patron of Renaissance art.
False
Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" were clearly written for Medieval nobles, not commoners.
False
Luther's "95 Theses" represented the reformer's defense of Catholic doctrine at the Council of Nicaea
False
Luther's attack on indulgences was first expressed in "The Institutes of the Christian Religion"
False
Of all "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World," the only one still standing is Babylon's Hanging Gardens.
False
Once the bubonic plague ended, it never returned to Europe.
False
Plato did not believe that the democratic government was fit for the ideal state.
False
Southern Greek city-states admired the Macedonians for their advanced culture as well as their military ability.
False
Sumerians viewed their gods as benign, predictable beings who always worked for their city's welfare
False
T or F At the time of Jesus, the Jews in Israel were united - religiously, politically, and socially
False
T or F Cicero was an indifferent orator and author whose crude use of Latin forced him to rely on brute force to get his way
False
T or F During the Neo-Babylonian era, Babylonian scholars rejected astrology as superstition
False
T or F The Greeks were fortunate in having a large plain and river so that they could be united in one great empire
False
T or F The Hebrews invented the sound-based alphabet
False
T or F: After his conversion to Christianity, Paul of Tarsus promoted dietary restrictions for Jews.
False
T or F: Akhenaten was the last powerful pharaoh of Egypt.
False
T or F: Archimedes, though a superb mathematician, invented no practical devices.
False
T or F: At the time of Jesus, the Jews in Israel were united-religiously, politically, and socially.
False
T or F: Because of the secularism of the Renaissance, the church was not a major patron of Renaissance art
False
T or F: Caesar Augustus's immediate successors were sober, competent men who ruled the empire ably.
False
T or F: Cicero was an indifferent orator and author whose crude use of Latin forced him to rely on brute force to get his way.
False
T or F: Greek immigrants to Asia and Egypt were relegated to the same low social and economic status as the native inhabitants.
False
T or F: Hellenistic artists and architects had to depend on the uncertain support of democratic governments to carry out their projects.
False
T or F: In "The Epic of Gilgamesh", Gilgamesh triumphs over death
False
T or F: Like most Roman reformers, the Gracchi brothers rose from the lower class by means of successful army service to challenge the rule of the aristocratic Senate.
False
T or F: Peter agreed with Paul: Only circumcised Jews should be admitted to fellowship with the Christian community.
False
T or F: Philip of Macedonia had no desire to conquer the Persian Empire.
False
T or F: Roman husbands and wives exercised equal authority in the family.
False
T or F: Roman roads were so well-built that it was cheaper to send goods by land than by sea.
False
T or F: Rome's location high in the mountains was a problem Romans had to overcome in developing trade and agriculture.
False
T or F: The Council of Nicaea upheld Arius's ideas on Christ.
False
T or F: The Greeks were fortunate in having a large plain and river so that they could be united in one great empire.
False
T or F: The Hebrews invented the sound-based alphabet.
False
T or F: The early people who dramatically forwarded the case for papal supremacy was Leo I.
False
T or F: The humanism of the Renaissance led to greater tolerance of Jews in the 15th century
False
T or F: When Alexander was an old man, he wrote in his memoirs that he wanted to combine Greeks and Asians into a new, universal race.
False
The English Puritans were noted for their strong insistence on strict moral practices while showing indifference to the doctrines and practices of the Anglican Church
False
The Great Pyramid was built during the New Kingdom period by Amenhotep IV.
False
The Greeks based their alphabet on that of the Egyptians.
False
The Minoans engaged in no trade, instead depending entirely on agriculture.
False
The Roman governors of the provinces were successful in preventing private tax-collecting contracts from extracting excessive money from the provincials.
False
The doctrinal belief most associated with Calvin is "justification by faith."
False
The papacy rejected the art and humanism of the Renaissance as too secular.
False
WHO began a voyage around the world but was killed in a local war in the Philippines?
Ferdinand Magellan
The system of military, political, and social relationships among the nobility in the early Middle Ages is
Feudalism
T or F: The use of elephants made Hellenistic armies invincible.
Flase
Where do patrons and clients meet?
Forum (extremely central govt)
Because of the Reformation
France had bitter religions wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots)
Lesser known successors
GALBA: Six-Month Reign, AD 68 ORTHO: Suicide, AD 69 VITELLIUS: Murdered
Where was Gaius Julius Caesar's military career
Gaul
Pericles
Gave a funeral speech on the importance of protecting democracy
Which of the following was NOT one of the early Greek philosophers or scientists? A.) Pythagoras B.) Gilgamesh C.) Democritus D.) Thales
Gilgamesh
What was the KHUFU in the Old Kingdom?
Giza -made of 2.3 mil stones -Herodotus appointed 100,000 men to build this in 2 years -Largest structure on Earth before Eiffel Tower
[NOLL] According to Mark Noll, the Nicaean Creed asserted each of these doctrinal standards EXCEPT: A.) Jesus was/is God, as part of the Trinity B.) God the Son and God the Father are one substance, One in the same C.) Christ was both eternal God and born a Man D.) God's Spirit entered Christ upon his baptism
God's Spirit entered Christ upon his baptism
Where were the Mycenaeans located?
Greek mainland
Medieval pope whose vast accomplishments extended from diplomatic service, to missionary strategy, and to modeling humility
Gregory
[NOLL] Medieval pope whose vast accomplishments extended from diplomatic service, to missionary strategy, and to modeling humility.
Gregory
Gregory the Great
Gregory was pope from 590-604 and dramatically forwarded the case for papal supremacy.
An organization of Medieval tradesmen within the towns
Guild
Medieval organizations of tradesmen within the towns
Guild
Medieval organizations of tradesmen within the towns.
Guild
Who was the emperor of the Amorites?
Hammurabi (law codes)
The great commander of the Carthaginian military.
Hannibal
This Medieval organization acquired a monopoly on the Baltic trade
Hanseatic League
Who was the prosperous female Pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom?
Hatshepsut
How did newly-crowned Henry VII of England try to heal the breach between the noble factions?
He married Elizabeth York
Who was Marco Polo?
He was a traveler who learned Mongolian language from his travels. He was an apprentice to Genghis Khan.
Why is Abraham of significance?
He was the first Biblical person identified by a non-religious source
This English monarch expected papal approval of his annulment of his marriage with Catharine of Aragon because popes had traditionally deferred to kings in these matters.
Henry VIII
The king of the Jews who built Masada and welcomed the Magi from the East, search for Christ.
Herod
Sacred writing of Egypt
Hieroglyphs
The father of medicine, whose oath is still taken by today's doctors:
Hippocrates
Why did Alexander abandon his quest?
His army would not go on
His epic poem the Iliad, recounts the prowess and anger of Achilles
Homer
the Iliad and the Odyssey were authored by this Greek poet:
Homer
Who came from the Mycenaean land?
Homeric Hero: Agamemnon
Legislative branch
House of Reps: Assemblies Senate: Senate
The world raided and settled by the Vikings was vast. What is the only area among the following that was NOT affected by these actions?
India and Arabia
When he reached this river, Alexander was forced by his soldiers to turn back:
Indus
The two major rivers of Mesopotamia:__________________
Indus or Euphrates
How did the Minoans contribute to the Greeks?
Influence
Came about partly because it was then believed by the Medieval Roman Church that incorrect religious views could threaten not only the salvation of the individual but also of the community
Inquisition
Which of the following is NOT true of Hammurabi's law code? A.) It opens a window into our understanding of ancient urban life B.) It prescribed different penalties for each of the three social orders in Babylon C.) Many of the laws sought to prevent the strong from oppressing the weak D.) It provided for trial by jury
It provided for trial by jury
What made Polis unique?
It was a greek city-state that commanded great loyalty and devotion (NAME of PLACE)
An important way in which the medieval world differed economically from the Classical Greek and Roman world is that
It was able to make better use of technology, with its water mills and windmills
Which of the following statements about medieval trade is NOT correct?
It was mostly trade in necessities rather than luxuries
Claimed to be holy and sacred by Jews, Christians, and Muslims
Jerusalem
[NOLL] According to Mark Noll, what brought about the Fall of Jerusalem?
Jewish zealots rose up against Roman control of the province, resulting in a seven-year battle
The French woman who helped turn the tide for France in the Hundred Years' War
Joan of Arc
Fertile Crescent
Journey Abraham took from Ur to locate promised land
Common religion
Judaism
What signifies the beginning of the Pax Romana
Julius Caesar dies
Whose tomb was discovered during the Modern World revival?
King Tut
The best-excavated and best-known Minoan city-state (and palace) on the island of Crete
Knossos
What was the Minoan capital?
Knossos
According to our in-class exercise: The preparing and serving foods along the lines of Jewish dietary law
Kosher
According to our in-class exercise: the preparing and serving foods along the lines of Jewish dietary law
Kosher
509 B.C.
Latium drives out Etruscans and appointed King in order to govern themselves
The basic unit of the Roman army, consisting of about 4,000 men, was the ________.
Legion
The figure who, more than anyone else, personified the "Renaissance man"
Leonardo da Vinci
The key relationship in feudalism was between
Lords and vassals
Roman Republic dictator
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus -resumed farming later
Most closely associated with the concept of "justification by faith," meaning that Christians were saved through the grace of God and not through their own efforts
Luther
Egyptian concept of truth, justice, and order
Ma'at
Author of "The Prince," which argued that rulers must be ready to discard ethical principles to succeed.
Machiavelli
What made Athens unique?
Many great philosophers are found here
New Kingdom Egypt
Many mentionable Pharaohs take power
in 490 B.C., the Athenians defeated the Persians at _______, inspiring an athletic competition
Marathon
This Roman emperor was also a noted Stoic philosopher and the author of a book called "Meditations"
Marcus Aurelius
What leader was elected multiple time when Rome moved from a Republic to Empire
Marius
Birthplace of Islam's great prophet
Mecca
Birthplace of Islam's great prophet, Mohammed
Mecca
What type of forces did the New Kingdom have?
Mediterranean
Famous for her dedication to celibacy and establishment of religious institutions
Melania the Youger
Famous for her dedication to celibacy and establishment of religious institutions
Melania the Younger
Where was the capitol of the Old Kingdom?
Memphis
Which of the following is NOT true of the Ancient Greek Olympic Games? A.) Men and women could compete together in some events B.) They were pan-Hellenic, or open to Greeks from any polis C.) They were a religious festival in honor of Zeus D.) Victoriuos athletes were richly rewarded with honor and free meals
Men and women could compete together in some events.
Believed to be Egypt's first pharaoh, the divine monarch who united the two regions
Menes
What did upper and lower Egypt unite?
Menes
European exploration led to major developments in map-making, including the famous map project that permitted sailors to plot straight-line courses, a projection developed by
Mercator
Meaning "land between the rivers," extending from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean coastline
Mesopotamia
Its capital was Thebes, chosen by the pharaoh to provide greater security from foreign invaders.
Middle Kingdom
What type of authority conflict exists during the time of Christ?
Military vs. Civilian
This Pre-Greek society mysterious ceased to flourish about 1400 B.C., leaving only clues about its demise
Minoans
What type of religion did Egyptians embrace for a very short period of time?
Monotheism
Thomas a'Becket
Named archbishop as a political move, but actually took his role seriously. The king accidentally ordered his execution while drunkenly complaining about how he wouldn't cooperate.
Where were the Akkadians located?
Narrows of Tigris and Euphrates
5 "good" Roman emperors
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius
5 good emperors
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonus, Marcus Aurelius
When Egypt was considered a world empire, claiming people and land throughout the Mediterranean coastline
New Kingdom
Chief river of Egypt
Nile
Egypt
Nile River
The major river of Ancient Egypt
Nile River
Where was the capitol of the Assyrians?
Nineveh
Where was lower Egypt located?
North
The spread of Islam across much of the Middle East and North Africa caused the Popes of the Early Middle Ages to turn their attention and hopes for the future toward
Northern Europe and rulers like Charlemagne
Rome completed its domination of the Mediterranean when
Octavian (Augustus) defeated Antony and Cleopatra
Bad emperors
Octavian, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Vespasain, Domitian
Who ended civil wars
Octavian: Caesar Augustus
What tragedy occurred during the Homeric Age
Oedipus Tragedy
Excommunication
Officially exclude (someone) from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.
Medieval universities
Often arose from cathedral schools, developed from guilds in this case guilds of masters and students, and focused especially on law, medicine, and theology ALL OF THESE
Where were the Amorites located?
Old Babylon
Its capital was Memphis; it possessed only a minimal level of military defense, depending on natural geographic barriers for protection from rivals and enemies.
Old Kingdom
Which of the following is NOT true of the bubonic plague and its consequences A.) It showed that devestating diseases can move from animals to humans B.) The disease caused a breakdown of law and order C.) It resulted in the persecution of Jews D.) Once the plague ended, it never returned to Europe
Once the plague ended, it never returned to Europe
Philistines
One of the lesser kingdoms, had 5 cities including Gath.
What was the name of the medieval legal practice which was actually an appeal to God for supernatural intervention?
Ordeal
During the Republic, these were the upper class aristocrats of Roman society.
Patricians
In Roman society, the upper class was known as the _________, who claimed the right to rule through the Senate.
Patricians
What are all the members of the Senate?
Patricians
Who are the founding families of Rome?
Patricians
What image was commonly found on Greek coinage?
Pegasus
Leader of Athenian democracy after the Persian Wars
Pericles
The apostle ________ was primarily responsible for carrying the message of Christ to the Gentiles throughout the empire.
Peter
Most closely associated with Renaissance humanism, remembered for his imitative writing style, intending to renew interest in Classical World scholars.
Petrarch
Philip reorganized the Greek fighting formation, known as the _______, into a more flexible and mobile infantry force.
Phalanx
Spanish monarch who suppressed Calvinism in the Netherlands and launched the Armada against England
Philip II
First Triumvirate: Cicero
Philosopher- statesman -failed power -checks and balances
Carthage began as a colony of this Mediterranean community.
Phoenicia
This Greek philosopher taught about perfection as existing in a separate reality, which we seek imitate here
Plato
What are non-patricians?
Plebians
Twelve Tables
Plebians in Ancient Rome won rights when the Roman laws were written down for the first time called the Twelve Tables.
A Greek city-state
Polis
The term for Greek city-states was ________________
Polis
The Romans had many architectural and engineering accomplishments. Which of the following WAS NOT among them?
Post and lintel construction
What period did Alexander's conquest take place?
Ptolemaic period
The most serious slave revolt in Roman history took place in 73 B.C.E, when 70,000 slaves revolted under the leadership of
Publius
As seen on the Giza Plateau, the great stone monuments of ancient Egypt are called ________________
Pyramids
According to our in-class exercise: In Medieval context, the dividing of multiple family crests on shields
Quartered
This Medieval Roman Church evangelist attempted to preach Christianity to the Islamic world
Ramon Lull
Where did priests and nobles preside in the Middle Kingdom?
Regional dynasties
India
Relies on the Indus and Ganges river valleys
Known for major new trends in literature, painting, sculpture, and architecture, inspired by the Ancient Greek and Roman world
Renaissance
The Renaissance is often considered the beginning of a modern secular spirit because
Renaissance scholars, though religious, were usually not men of the churches, monasteries, or universities - institutions dominated by religious thought
The Romans called their government a(n) _______, which means the "public matter" or "public realm," and is based on representation.
Republic
Vladimir I
Responsible for making Russia Christian.
Colonialism
Roman cultural centers are spread out and create colonies
Pax Romana
Roman peace
What happened when Egypt allied with Carthage
Romans attack ancient Israel and all other Mediterranean powers
70 AD
Romans destroy Jerusalem and Temple
Egypt became a puppet state of where?
Rome
First punic war winner
Rome
Second punic war winner
Rome
Third punic war winner
Rome
Romulus and Remis
Romulus kills Remis -Rome is founded
"The Senate and People of Rome"
S.P.Q.R.
The Muslim ruler who retook Jerusalem from the Crusaders
Saladin
What does "Jesus" mean?
Salvation
The conqueror that invaded Sumer in about 2350 B.C.E
Sargon
Who was the first Akkadian Emperor?
Sargon the Great
Scholasticism
Scholasticism had to with reconciling faith with reason. Alcuin and Anselm both believed that reconciling faith with reason as a positive thing. Alcuin thought that reason could be used to strengthen our faith, not uproot it.
What type of protection did The Middle Kingdom have?
Secure borders Self-defense Self-sufficient
What part of government has a lot of power over the Roman communities?
Senate
"Consul for Life"
Senate -ends the republic with the death of Caesar
This Medieval laborer (not a slave) bound to the land, forbidden to leave it without permission
Serf
This Medieval subject was bound to the land, forbidden to leave it without permission
Serf
This medieval subject was bound to the land, forbidden to leave it without permission.
Serf
Often using themes and characters from Classical Rome, this playwright popularized Renaissance ideals among the masses.
Shakespeare
Why were a series of wars brought out
Sicily -Hannibal
The trade route by which precious goods moved from China to the Mediterranean
Silk Road
[PSI] The trade route by which precious goods moved from China to the Mediterranean.
Silk Road
According to Luke 2, the elderly Gospel character promised not to see death until seeing the Messiah.
Simeon
How did the Roman conquest effect slavery?
Slavery increased
The philosopher ________________ developed a teaching method of questioning and refuting and was put to death by the Athenians for supposedly corrupting the young
Socrates
Associated with the construction of the First Temple among the Ancient Hebrews
Solomon
Where was upper Egypt located?
South
Cortes and Pizarro were able to conquer the Aztec and Inca empires because the
Spaniards possessed guns and steel weapons and were partially immune to the diseases that devastated the native populations
This Greek city-state was known for its emphasis on military training
Sparta
This Greek community was known for its devotion to the Homeric gods, its disciplines to military strategy, and its suspicion of non-community members.
Sparta
According to Thucydides, the Peloponnesian War was caused by
Sparta's fear of Athen's growing power
This Christian church father defined the nature of the church and its relationship to the world in his work, "City of God":
St. Augustine
The Confessions
St. Augustine's autobiography
How did the Middle Kingdom honor deity?
Statuary & Temples
Tiberus
Successor of Ceasar Augustus his adopted son , AD 14 - 37, Senate Formality, Reign of Terror to secure his authority, Recalled Troops, Limited Expansion, Retired, AD 26, Likely Murdered
What culture is copied by most other cultures?
Sumerian Culture (why is was able to thrive for so long)
Ur
Sumerian city-state that was independent, held commerce, and had a self-running gov
What type of culture did the Akkadians take on?
Sumerian culture (cuneiform, inventions, city-states, temple construction, worship, irrigation farming)
Who did the Akkadians conquer?
Sumerians
Judicial branch
Supreme court
Ziggurat
Temple worship for Sumerians
Vespasian
Ten-Year Reign, AD 69-79 Jewish Revolt ended: Jerusalem Destroyed Eldest Son, Titus Deified AD 79
What was the Homeric age?
The Age of Agamemnon and the fall of Troy
The celebrated epic poem of the Sumerian civilization was
The Epic of Gilgamesh
Five Pillars
The Five Pillars of the Muslims faith: 1. Testament of Faith 2. Giving to the Needy 3. Prayer 4. Fasting the month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
What large construct was located in the Old Kingdom?
The Great Pyramids
Polis
The Greek concept of a hometown
Feast of Purim
The Hebrew feast celebrating Queen Esther and God's deliverance of the Israelites in Babylon
Which of the following statements about the Hebrews is NOT true? A.) Israelite texts claim several clans were enslaved by the Egyptians B.) Early Israel was led by charismatic leaders known as judges, who helped unite them against the threats of their neighbors C.) The Hebrew Bible is rooted more in history than in myth D.) The Hebrews rejected the idea of kingship until after the fall of Israel to the Romans
The Hebrews rejected the idea of kingship until after the fall of Israel to the Romans
What two notable works did Homer write?
The Iliad The Odyssey
What water source did Persia hold onto for a century?
The Nile Rive Valley
Charlemagne conducted a long and brutal campaign against which people, including their forcible conversion to Christianity?
The Saxons
Silk Road
The Silk Road was a trade route that was very helpful in transporting goods that were fragile from China to all throughout the Mediterranean. Without it, improvements wouldn't have happened with trade.
Messiah
The awaited Savior of the Jewish people.
Alexandria
The city in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great
Five good emperors
The five Roman emperors of the 2nd century. They were "good" in comparison to previous emperors, but not that great.
Qur'an
The holy book of the Muslim faith
King Tut
The son of Akhenaten, only 9 years old when he was made king. Died at 18. He was know as the boy King.
What was the capital of the Middle Kingdom?
Thebes
What type of religious practices did Sparta have?
They were very devout and worshiped as many gods as possible with the mindset that these gods would protect them
This Medieval Christian theologian attempted to reconcile Augustinian faith and Aristotelian reason, believing the two were compatible
Thomas Aquinas
Jonah
Told by God to preach to the Assyrians, at first he resisted and fled to Tarshish on a boat where he was swallowed by a whale for three days.
Confirmed the division of the Carolingian Empire among royal descendants
Treaty of Verdun
A major characteristic of the Renaissance was its strong sense of individualism
True
According to the DaVinci video, Leonardo tried to impress his patron, the Duke of Milan, with his unique designs of war machines.
True
Alexander received a good education in Greek literature and culture.
True
As our study of the "Demise of the Middle Ages" revealed, Medieval Europeans lost confidence in the Roman Catholic Church due to the crisis in leadership, known as the Great Schism.
True
As our study of the "Demise of the Middle Ages" revealed, Medieval Europeans were able to acquire wealth and fortunes as a result of the restored commerce with India and China.
True
Early Spanish explorers believed indigenous peoples had no religion and could easily be converted to Christianity.
True
Even after four voyages to the New World, Columbus was convinced that he had reached Asia.
True
Greek philosophers were the first to try to understand and explain the world in a scientific, philosophical manner.
True
In the Hellenistic eastern Mediterranean, Greek became the language of government and business.
True
Many non-European explorers - African, Asian, Muslim - pre-date Europe's Age of Discovery
True
Mercantilist economists assumed that the amount of trade in the world was static, so that a country could increase its trade wealth only by diminishing that of others.
True
Renaissance architects argued that the form of building should mirror the proportions of the human body.
True
T or F Hammurabi's law code included punishments of the "eye for an eye" type
True
T or F Mycenaean civilization was greatly influenced by the Minoans
True
T or F Plato did not believe that democratic government was fit for the ideal state
True
T or F Diocletian attempted to solve the economic crisis by freezing prices and wages and requiring that taxes be paid in coins, not goods
True
T or F: As our study of the "Demise of the Middle Ages" revealed, many Medieval Europeans were able to acquire wealth and fortunes as a result of the restored commerce with India and China
True
T or F: Athens converted the Delian League into an empire by forbidding the members to withdraw and by controlling the League treasury.
True
T or F: Communal monasteries provided support for those seeking spiritual fulfillment through solitude, asceticism, and self-denial.
True
T or F: Diocletian attempted to solve the economic crises by freezing prices and wages and requiring that taxes be paid in coins, not goods.
True
T or F: Hammurabi's law code included punishments of the "eye for an eye" type.
True
T or F: Hippocrates believed that all diseases had natural causes.
True
T or F: In the Second Punic War, Hannibal hoped that Rome's Italian allies would join his side, but most stayed loyal to Rome.
True
T or F: In the late empire, Rome's army become king-makers, leading to instability and frequent changes in imperial rule.
True
T or F: Julius Caesar disappointed many of his supporters by remaining in office beyond the limit of his term and by adopting the trappings of a monarch.
True
T or F: Justinian's greatest achievement may have been his Corpus Iuris Civilis, which has influenced Western legal codes to the present.
True
T or F: Many non-European explorers-African, Asian, Muslim-pre-date Europe's Age of Discovery
True
T or F: Mycenaean civilization was greatly influenced by the Minoans
True
T or F: Of all the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the only one still standing-Babylon's Hanging Gardens
True
T or F: One reason, cited by Mark Noll, as to why "Turning Points" is needed: Reasserting the Historical character of the Christian faith-more than just worship, it places faith in historical context.
True
T or F: St. Augustine and other Christian leaders taught that the new Christian state was not incompatible with the church, but should be active in supporting and protecting it.
True
T or F: The Assyrians used skilled administrators as well as terror to maintain their empire.
True
T or F: The Biblical character Joseph, sold into slavery by his brothers, eventually came to work for Egypt's pharaoh, holding the position of "vizier" (deputy).
True
T or F: The Gracchi proposed reforms to help prevent a famine caused in part by the slave revolt in Sicily.
True
T or F: The Merovingian dynasty in France was overthrown by Pepin the Short with the approval of the pope.
True
T or F: The famous "Arabic" numbers were brought to Islamic mathematicians from India.
True
T or F: The influx of precious metals from the New World was partially to blame for the Europe's 16th century inflation
True
T or F: The site chosen by Constantine for his new capitol enjoyed both easy defense and access to Eastern trade routes.
True
T or F: The story of Cincinnatus saving Rome as dictator and then going back to his plow and continuing his life as a farmer illustrates the early Roman values of patriotism, duty, and simplicity.
True
T or F: Unlike Plato, Aristotle believed in the study of the everyday world, not in the study of ideal forms.
True
T or F: Unlike the rivers of Mesopotamia, the Nile River provides a constant flow of water, which proved vital to the survival and longevity of Ancient Egyptian culture-and was the object of worship.
True
T or F: a major characteristic of the Renaissance-its strong sense of individualism
True
T or F: as our study of "The Demise of the Middle Ages" revealed, many Medieval Europeans lost confidence in the Roman Church d/t the Great Schism and more readily accepted a "protestant" message
True
T or F: the great advantage of printing-accelerating the speed of ideas, increasing changes in Western society
True
T/F The favorite targets of Vikings for raiding and plundering were churches and Monasteries
True
The Anabaptists believed that baptism should be reserved for adults.
True
The Biblical character Joseph, sold into slavery by his brothers, eventually came to work for Egypt's pharaoh, holding the position of "vizier" (deputy.)
True
The Renaissance encouraged active participation in public affairs
True
The ancient Phoenicians sailed throughout the Mediterranean, west to Spain, and even into the Atlantic.
True
The great temple of Jerusalem was erected by Solomon, David's successor.
True
Unlike Minoan palaces, Mycenaen palaces were walled, indicating much warfare.
True
Women had far more opportunities to exercise economic, social, literary, and occasionally even political power in Hellenistic Greece than they had in pre-Alexandrine Greece.
True
[PSI] Unlike the rivers of Mesopotamia, the Nile River provides a constant flow of water, which proved vital to the survival and longevity of Ancient Egyptian culture - and was the object of worship.
True
Who in the New Kingdom restored Amon worship and returned to Thebes?
Tutankhamon
What is the law of Rome?
Twelve tables
The Waldensians and the Albigensians were
Two very different, but important sets of Medieval religious dissidents, or heretics
Greek term for a ruler who used force rather than hereditary right or constitutional means to seize power
Tyrant
What were Sumerian City States?
Urban communities run as a State with own governance and hierarchy -they were competing
Author of the medieval history, the "Ecclesiastical History of the English People"
Venerable Bede
The Treaty of ______________ partitioned the Carolingian empire among Charlemagne's descendants.
Verdun
Author of the "Aenid," which celebrated theheroic foundation of Rome and the values it cherished.
Virgil
Who was the author of the epic poem, the "Aeneid"?
Virgil
Sulla
War hero -military leader
Pope Innocent III
Was able to reprimand kings of England, Aragon, France, Norway, and Poland and insist that they obey him
Cuneiform
Wedge-shaped writing in hardened clay -included both public and private records -uses symbols and impressions -non-audible
After becoming king of England, this French nobleman imposed a highly centralized feudal system in England
William the Conqueror
After becoming king of England, this French nobleman imposed a highly centralized feudal system in England.
William the Conqueror
What was the Domesday Book?
William the Conqueror's record of all his land holdings in England.
What did Egyptian city-states transform into?
World Empire
What type of civilization was the New Kingdom known as?
World Empire
Who was honored through the olympic games
Zeus
Mesopotamian temple for worship and sacrifice
Ziggurat
Disagreed with Luther on the Lord's Supper, believing Christ to be symbolically present in the elements.
Zwingli
What was Carthage?
a colony city of Phoenicia
Which of the following was NOT a result of agricultural improvements like the three-field system?
a dramatic drop in infant and child deaths
As recorded in Daniel 2, an Ancient World ruler had a dream which, with God's help, was interpreted as
a great statue which summarized the sequence of world empires until the establishment of Christ's Kingdom
Julius Caesar was assassinated by
a group of senators
The willingness of many Romans in the imperial period to follow the various mystery religions is evidence of
a longing for religious fulfillment that was not satisfied by the worship of traditional gods
The major problem faced by Alfred the Great in Anglo-Saxon England
a major Danish invasion that overran half of England
What is pythagory
a material world view
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Sumerian life? A.) A nomadic wandering, taking care of flocks B.) irrigated agriculture C.) centralized administration D.) temples with priests and priestesses
a nomadic wandering, taking care of flocks
During the early Middle Ages it was believed that proper health depended on
a proper balance of the body's "humors"
The economy of the Renaissance saw
a very profitable banking business develop
The Hanseatic League
acquired a monopoly on the Baltic trade
[PSI] As shown on the PSI map, Islam's greatest conversion success in the century following the death of Muhammad occurred
across North Africa and the Iberian peninsula
The emperor Constantine affected the future of Christianity by:
all of these: -ending the persecutions -supporting the church by giving them tax advantages and returning property -building the first great churches and making the holy land a place of pilgrimage
In the Roman family
all of these: -fathers were the primary authority -ancestors as well as household spirits were worshiped -women could wield some political influence through their sons
In search of spiritual perfection, many early Christians:
all of these: -fled to the desert to live as hermits -undertook self-denial, living on minimal food and sleep -formed monastic communities
One abusive practice of Roman rule over foreign provinces was
allowing tax contractors to extract more taxes than had been assessed
The most important contribution of the Phoenicians to Western Civilization
alphabet
The Persian Empire under Cyrus was held together in part by
an administrative system that curbed the abuse of power by officials
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the Carolingian monarchy under Charlemagne? A.) a vigorous warrior-king who fought fifty-three campaigns, most of them successful B.) an administrator who tried but ultimately failed to establish an effective and lasting mode of governing C.) a monarch who promoted intellectual life, attracting some of the best scholars of hid day to his court D.) an attempt to conquer Constantinople to make Charlemagne a universal emperor
an attempt to conquer Constantinople to make Charlemagne a universal emperor
The Roman Republic established in 509 B.C.E. was
an oligarchy controlled by the rich patricians
What type of group are the Patricians?
assembly
What is the Roman Republic a symbol of?
authority
Most Protestant reformers accepted only the sacraments of
baptism and the Eucharist
According to our in class exercise: In medieval context, the displaying of a family crest on shields
bearing arms
Beginning with the rule of Septimius Severus in 193, the Roman Empire
became more militarized, with generals placed in positions of power
NOT an advantage of Rome geographically
being high in the mountains, protected from attack
Which of the following WAS NOT an advantage of the geographic site of Rome?
being high in the mountains, protected from attack
Greeko-Roman
blended culture; Latinized
*fave olympic sport
boxing/ wrestling
Michelangelo's sculpture of David
carried a political message, celebrating the Florentine republic against the attempt of the Medici to dominate it
Third punic war result
carthage in ruins
Second punic war cause
carthage wants revenge on Roman colonies
Latium
central italy
Commonly used among the Greek communities as a way to exchange wealthy, apart from barter and labor.
coinage
A major political question that divided Muslims after the death of the Prophet centered on whether
commercial trade with non-Muslims should be permitted
Executive branch
consuls (2)
How did the Mycenaeans contribute to the Greeks?
contributed artistically
Who controls Latium?
controlled by Etruscans
What did Marius do to the Roman constitution
cracked it as he ran for many terms
Genesis 1 & 2 record the account of
creation
Plague
death/ illness
The "Act of Supremacy"
declared Henry VIII to be the "supreme head of the Church of England" without actually making that church Protestant
Julius Caesar achieved supreme power in Rome by:
defeating Pompey and his senatorial allies
Vizier
deputy pharaoh
Ma'at
divinely ordered concept of truth and justice
As revealed in our study of the "Demise of the Middle Ages," the Hundred Years's War contributed to the end of Medieval times by
documenting the growing sense of nationalism among Europeans, especially the French
[PSI] As shown on the PSI map, the Bubonic Plague had considerably LESS impact in select parts of Europe, due to
elevation
The Renaissance was "secular" because it
emphasized applying its ideas to this world, not the next
The medieval concept of courtly love
enhanced the position of women in literature, though not in reality
[PSI] According to the video study, Islamic scientific advances include
establishment of observatories as part of the study of astronomy
The key process that laid the foundation of the feudal relationship was the
exchange of loyal military service for the granting of lands
Middle Kingdom Egypt
expanded and increased territory, increased defenses
The key process that laid the foundation of the feudal relationship was the
exploitation of the serfs by the lords
Ultimately, the crusades
failed in their purpose, with the last crusader outpost seized by the Muslims (1291)
Ultimately, the Crusades
failed in their purpose, with the last crusader outpost seized by the Muslims in 1291
T or F Caesar Augustus's immediate successors were sober, competent men who ruled the empire ably
false
T or F Roman husbands and wives exercised equal authority in the family
false
T or F: the humanism of the Renaissance led to a flowering of education, but women were prohibited from reading and learning
false
T/F Gothic architects rejected the flying buttress as old-fashioned
false
T/F In the Middle Ages, the two field was not only more simple, it was actually more productive than the three field system
false
T/F Magna Carta in England was intended to support the rights of the commonality against the nobility
false
T/F The great early English monk and historian who authored the Ecclesiastical History of the English People was Alcuin
false
Roman religion was
filled with individual gods and goddesses for practically everything
What was a common attribute of the Mycenaeans?
frequently at war
Spartan society
gave women more public freedom than Athens
Carthage:
had an extensive trading network in the Mediterranean & Africa
The city of Carthage
had an extensive trading network in the Mediterranean and Africa
The Minoan civilization
had artists who often painted frescoes featuring religious rituals
Martin Luther denounced indulgences because
he could not find them in the Bible, which meant to him that indulgences were useless for salvation
Constantine shifted the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, later called Constantinople, because
he felt more Greek than Roman
The most important legacy of early Germanic law in the Middle Ages was that it
helped establish the principles of rule of law and representative assemblies
Alexander turned back from his quest for the end of the known world because
his Macedonian troops refused to go on
According to the Bible, a major weakness of King Solomon stemmed from
his practice of polygamy
Livvy
history of Rome: Romulus and Remis -history book writer
Equestrians
horse owners, officers
The great pyramids of Egypt were
important to the Egyptian belief in the afterlife
European exploration was made easier by
improved ships, sails, and navigational equipment
Anglo-saxon England was unified by Alfred the Great
in response to the invasion of Vikings into Northern England
Stoic
indifference to pain/ renounced passions -self-control -stoic clothing
The situation of the late-14th and early-15th Centuries, when two or three persons claimed to be pope, is called the
investiture controversy
An important way in which the medieval world differed economically from the classical Greek and Roman world is that
it was able to make better use of technology, with its water mills and windmills
Rome helped the spread of Christianity because
its roads allowed for travel and reliable communication, the cities were relatively safe
Mesopotamia
land between the rivers (Tigris & Euphrates)
What did polytheistic society entail?
laws have divine origin from many gods
The influx of gold and silver from the Americas into Europe during the 16th century
led Spanish kings to engage to engage in so many expensive wars that Spain suffered repeated bankruptcies
Justinian's efforts to re-conquer the eastern Mediterrean
led to the reconquest of North Africa and a temporary reconquest of Italy
As revealed in our study of the "Demise of the Middle Ages," England's John I signing "Magna Carta" illustrated the
limiting of authority among Medieval monarchs
Greek, Latin
local language
Silk Road
main road of transportation
Artisans
make things with their hands
What type of genealogy does Hebrew culture honor
maternal
The two greatest scientific advances in the Islamic world were in
mathematics and medicine
Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales" were a collection of
narrative meant to entertain commoners on pilgrimage
Why do patricians need plebeians?
needed for an army
Paul of Tarsus taught that all followers of Jesus
needed neither to be circumcised nor to follow Jewish dietary laws
What kind of military did the Old Kingdom have?
no military
Septimius
non racist, languages, ruled
During the Persian wars
none of these are correct Answers include: -athens defeated Sparta -xerxes of Persia conquered Greece, ending Athenian democracy -athens and Sparta invaded Persia and destroyed the Persian Empire
The medieval serf was
not a slave, but was bound to the land, forbidden to leave it without permission
Punic wars
one large war with multiple breaks
First Triumvirate: Pompey
one of Sulla's officers
What was the Narmer Palette in the Old Kingdom?
only artifact found, consists of Menes -brought upper and lower Egypt together -confirms historical context
The purpose of Solon's reforms was to
open up participation in government to the newly wealthy
The medieval guilds were
organizations of tradesmen within the towns
The Ancient Greek geographer Ptolemy provided early explorers with their ideas about the world, but he made some major and misleading errors, such as the fact that he
overestimated the size of the land area of the world and underestimated the overall size of the earth by about one-sixth
What type of genealogy does Arab culture honor
paternal
Few and Powerful
patricians
Many and Weak
plebians
Athenian democracy differed from modern democracy in many ways, with several groups excluded Which was NOT excluded?
poor people
Athenian democracy differed from modern democracy in many ways, with several groups excluded. Which of the following were NOT excluded? A.) women B.) slaves C.) metics, or resident foreigners D.) poor people
poor people
Challenges to principate
power struggle Octavian >> Tiberius >> Caligula >> Clandius >> Nero
In order to improve the lives of the Romans, Augustus
promoted legislation to encourage marriage, children, and traditional morality
After appearing before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Martin Luther was
protected from imprisonment and execution by Frederick of Saxony
According to our in-class exercise: In Medieval context, the dividing of multiple family breasts on shields
quartered
The goal of scholastic philosophy in the Middle Ages was to
reconcile faith with reason
What is it called when leaders do our government bidding?
representation
What type of government was Rome?
republic
The society of the Vikings
resembled early Germanic society, but tended to be more violent
Which political and administrative change did Diocletian NOT make?
retiring civil power to the Senate, choose the consuls
Inflation
rise in price
[PSI] An example of Rome's cultural influence in today's world
road construction techniques, its calendar dating system, sports stadiums, and coinage
Tetrarchy
rules by four men
The Ottoman janissaries were
slaves raised to be warriors for the sultan
The popes began to claim spiritual authority over the Christian church because
some biblical writings - mainly a passage from the Book of Matthew - could be cited in support of this idea
The English Parliament
started to take shape under Edward I, with knights and burgesses sitting with the lower nobility, and clergy with the upper nobility
The English parliament
started to take shape under Edward I, with knights and burgesses sitting with the lower nobility, and clergy with the upper nobility
The Council of Nicaea
stated that Christ had always existed
Respectable Athenian women
tended to stay within the home, presiding over spinning and weaving
[PSI] On their way to engage the Muslims in the Holy Lands, the Crusading armies of Western Europe passed through
the Eastern Empire, further weakening its defenses
Genghis Khan was
the Mongol leader who united many tribes and conquered large parts of Asia
[PSI] When Charlemagne's forces defeated the Lombards
the Pope and the Roman Church were no longer under threat
Muhammad believed that he was
the Prophet of God, rescuing the divine message from Christian and Jewish distortions
[NOLL]What was Arius's view of Jesus Christ?
the Son of God
[PSI] The chief rivers of ancient Mesopotamia
the Tigris and the Euphrates
Obligations of serfs to the lords included all of the following EXCEPT A.) the duty to defend the manor house from attack B.) up to three days a week of work on the lord's land C.) giving up a portion of the cloth and garden vegetables produced by the women D.) the erection of buildings and digging of ditches at the lord's command
the duty to defend the manor house from attack
[PSI] As shown on the video study, the Ancient Greek Olympics were competitions heald among the city-states and many centuries; when the Romans conquered the Greeks
the games were discontinued
The driving out of the Hyksos is associated with
the rise of New Kingdom Egypt
The term hieroglyphics refers to
the sacred writing of Egypt
The core of Renaissance humanism was
the study of history, literature, and philosophy, stressing grammar, poetry, history, and ethics
The Greek invention of philosophy, or the search for knowledge, involved the idea that
the world and the cosmos were accessible to human reason and based on natural laws
The most important achievement of the Capetian kings of France was probably:
their expansion of royal authority by gaining control of most French provinces from the great feudal princes
During the French wars of religion
there was a major massacre of French Protestant leaders on St. Bartholomew's Day, August 23, 1572
The "Struggle of the Orders" in ancient Rome resulted in
three main social classess
Which of the following was NOT an aspect of the growing monastic movement? A.) a desire to escape from the growing distraction of the world B.) living lives of self-denial in order to concentrate on spiritual values C.) to save money to be used when the empire returned to prosperity D.) to find shared spiritual values in a communal society of Christians
to save money to be used when the empire returned to prosperity
Crossing the Rubicon
to take an irreversible step, often involving some danger
Europeans desired many products from Asia. Which of the following was NOT one of these products? A.) pepper B.) silk C.) tobacco D.) fine carpets
tobaco
Charlemagne's rise to power rested on the success of his grandfather, Charles Martel, at the Battle of ...?
tours
The city-state of Carthage had what?
trading network in Medit. and Africa
T or F In the second punic war, Hannibal hoped that Rome's Italian allies would join his side, but most stayed loyal to Rome
true
T or F Julius Caesar disappointed many of his supporters by remaining in office beyond the limit of his term and by adopting the trappings of a monarch
true
T or F The Gracchi proposed reforms to help prevent a famine caused in part by the slave revolt in Sicily
true
T/F Alfred the Great was not only king of England but also an important translator of works from Latin to Old English
true
T/F The Treaty of Verdun confirmed the breaking up of the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms each rules by a descendant of Charlemagne
true
T/F The early medieval church's insistence on monogamy enhanced the position of married noblewomen
true
T/F The investiture controversy was the question of whether the emperor or the pope could appoint or invest in new bishops in Germany
true
T/F The medieval serf could not leave his village and land without permission of the Lord
true
T/F Thomas Aquinas believed that faith and reason were quite compatible for a Christian
true
What title did Ivan III take after establishing himself s the first new ruler of the Russian state
tsar
The Norman conquest of England
ultimately remade England by making it feudal under French-speaking kings
The Carolingian intellectual revival included all of the following EXCEPT the
undertaking of scientific research
The Carolingian intellectual revival included all of the following EXCEPT the A.) establishment of schools in the hope of generating an educated clergy B.) undertaking of scientific research C.) development of a curriculum that became a foundation of liberal arts studies D.) development of a standardized handwriting that is the ancestor to the modern printed alphabet
undertaking of scientific research
Old Kingdom Egypt
unified with ruler as own capitol isolated from all else
A noble who was bound to a lord by a vow of fealty and loyalty
vassal
Post Empire
very slow decline in Egyptian Power
What was Diocletian known for?
vigorous admin. measures and reorganizing the empire
The reign of the Roman Empire Diocletian was noble for
vigorous administrative measures and reorganization of the empire
Why did Constantine shift the capital of the Empire (Constantinople)?
wanted to relocate the capital closer to military frontiers
In Egypt, Alexander
was declared the incarnation of the god Amon, and was treated as pharaoh
In contrast with Florence, Venice
was ruled by a merchant oligarchy
The Rosetta Stone was important because it
was written in three scripts: Greek, cursive Egyptian, and hieroglyphs, permitting the translation of the Egyptian language
During the Avignon papacy, the popes
were cut off from their Roman revenues, made their tax collection more efficient, and acted more like secular leaders than spiritual rulers
The Anabaptists of the 16th Century
were often persecuted by both Catholics and Protestants
How could women have some influence in the Roman household?
wielded some political influence through their sons
Peasants
work for everyone and have no voice
[PSI] As shown on the video study, the Greek Olympics consisted of many competitions, the most favorite being:
wrestling and boxing
A Sumerian temple, like the one found at the site of ancient Ur
ziggurat
Military reforms
~Germany does not exist yet ~Germanis
