HTH : ch. 5 LS

Rank the order of blood glucose regulation beginning with eating a meal. >> eating a meal >> blood glucose level returns to normal >> elevated blood glucose >> insulin released from the pancreas

1. >> eating a meal 2. >> elevated blood glucose 3. >> insulin released from the pancreas 4. >> blood glucose level returns to normal

The chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels is called: >> stroke >> embolism >> diabetes >>hypertension

>> diabetes

Which of the following yields 4 calories per gram? >> disaccharides >> monosaccharides >> table sugar >> fatty acids

>> disaccharides >> monosaccharides >> table sugar

Which of the following are traditional symptoms of diabetes? >> speedy wound healing >> extreme thirst >> frequent urination >> blurred vision

>> extreme thirst >> frequent urination >> blurred vision

The varying blood glucose response to different carbohydrate containing foods can be rated by the ______ ______.

>> glycemic index

Which behavior is most likely to increase the risk of developing diabetes? >> having a sedentary lifestyle >> following a fad diet >> consuming excess milk

>> having a sedentary lifestyle

Diets high in fiber can lower the risk for developing which of the following diseases? Select all that apply. >> heart disease >> pneumonia >> stroke >> intestinal tract disorders

>> heart disease >> stroke >> intestinal tract disorders

During low carbohydrate consumption, the body will begin producing: >> ketone bodies >> new muscle cells >> new brain cells

>> ketone bodies

The bacteria used to make yogurt converts much of the lactose in milk to ______ ______.

>> lactic acid

Adults with an African, Asian or Eastern European ancestry are more likely than Caucasians with a Northern Europe ancestry to suffer from ______ intolerance.

>> lactose

The storage form of glucose in plants is ______.

>> starch

Disaccharides include: >> sucrose >> lactose >> maltose >> fructose

>> sucrose >> lactose >> maltose

Eating too much digestible carbohydrates contributes to: >> cancer >> weight gain >> hypertension

>> weight gain

What is the recommended Adequate Intake level of fiber for women? >> 38 g/day >> 15 g/day >> 25 g/day >> 40 g/day

>> 25 g/day

What can you do to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes? Select all that apply. >> avoid carbohydrates >> consume a healthy diet >> avoid excess body fat >> exercise daily

>> consume a healthy diet >> avoid excess body fat >> exercise daily

In which food category is galactose typically found? >> grains >> dairy >> meat >> fruit

>> dairy

If you are trying to lose weight, it may be helpful to add more high-______ foods to your diet because these foods tend to be more filling resulting in satiety.

>> fiber

Increasing your intake of dietary ______ may reduce your risk of colorectal cancer.

>> fiber

The development of constipation as well as hemorrhoids and diverticula can be prevented by the inclusion of ______ in the diet.

>> fiber

The dietary polysaccharide that is not digested and thus passes through the intestinal tract is: >> glycogen >> fiber >> starch >> maltose

>> fiber

What is the primary difference between fiber and starch? >> starch cannot be digested by humans but fiber can >> fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can

>> fiber cannot be digested by humans but starch can

Because it tastes sweeter than other monosaccharides, manufactures use which monosaccharide in the preparation of sweetened soft drinks and baked goods? >> glucose >> galactose >> fructose

>> fructose

The fetus of a mother with poorly controlled gestational diabetes will receive too much ______ from its mother.

>> glucose

The monosaccharide commonly called "blood sugar" is ______.

>> glucose

To meet their energy needs, a starving person will sacrifice their muscle tissue to produce _______.

>> glucose

What is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells? >> fructose >> fat >> glucose >> protein

>> glucose

Sucrose is made up of which two monosaccharides? >> glucose >> maltose >> galactose >> fructose

>> glucose >> fructose

Which type of fiber is associated with increasing fecal bulk and easing bowel movements? >> insoluble fiber >> soluble fiber >> starchy fiber

>> insoluble fiber

In type 1 diabetes the pancreatic cells no longer produce ______.

>> insulin

Individuals with type 1 diabetes have to be treated with which approach? >> oral medications >> insulin >> weight loss >> immune suppressants

>> insulin

FODMAPs are diets high in carbohydrates and sugar alcohols leading to: >> intestinal bloating and gas >> diarrhea >> abdominal cramps >> dizziness

>> intestinal bloating and gas >> diarrhea >> abdominal cramps

When bacteria in the colon metabolize fiber, they produce ______ ______.

>> intestinal gas

Soluble fiber is fermented by bacteria in the... >> large intestine >> small intestine >> stomach

>> large intestine

When added to your food, alternative sweeteners can contribute: >> less calories than sugar >> zero calories >> more calories than sugar

>> less calories than sugar >> zero calories

The three most important single sugars or ______ are glucose, fructose, and galactose

>> monosaccharides

Salivary amylase initiates carbohydrate digestion in the ______.

>> mouth

Glycogen is used to store glucose in animals. In humans, glycogen is stored in the ______ and ______ cells.

>> muscle >> liver

Meat is not a source of carbohydrate because: >> glycogen levels in animal muscle is always low >> muscle glycogen breaks down soon after an animal dies

>> muscle glycogen breaks down soon after an animal dies

The *primary site* for carbohydrate digestion is: >> the stomach >> the large intestine >> the small intestine >> the mouth

>> the small intestine

The source of energy for carbohydrate production by plants comes from: >> the rain >> the sun >> the soil >> the air

>> the sun

Sugar alcohols are used in sugarless gum, breath mints, and candy because ______. >> they have no taste >> they do not cause tooth decay >> they provide significant vitamins

>> they do not cause tooth decay

Polysaccharides can be used by a plant cell: >> to make plant stems >> to store energy >> to make muscle

>> to make plant stems >> to store energy

T/F: During low carbohydrate intake, fat is not completely metabolized, leading to the formation of ketone bodies.

>> true

T/F: While the brain prefers glucose as its source of fuel, it can also use ketone bodies for energy.

>> true

Consumption of a low GI/GL diet may reduce your risk of: >> tuberculosis >> hypertension >> pneumonia >> type 2 diabetes

>> type 2 diabetes

Diets high in carbohydrates can result in weight loss if they include: >> unrefined starches >> high fructose corn syrup >> glycogen >> table sugar

>> unrefined starches

What is the recommended limit of teaspoons of added sugar per day for a 2000-kcal diet, according to the USDA? >> 12 tsp >> 2 tsp >> 42 tsp >> 25 tsp

>> 12 tsp

Approximately how many times sweeter are nonnutritive sweeteners compared to sugar? >> 10X sweeter >> 50X sweeter >> 200-300X sweeter >> 2X sweeter

>> 200-300X sweeter

How many kcalories are there in a gram of carbohydrate? >> 5 >> 4 >> 9 >> 7

>> 4

Nutritionally adequate diets should provide ______% to ______% of total calories from carbohydrates

>> 45% - 65%

Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood glucose levels fall below: >> 100 mg/dl >> 150 mg/dl >> 50 mg/dl >> 70 mg/dl

>> 70 mg/dl

Which of the following populations are more likely to have lactose intolerance? >> African >> Asian >> older adults >> Hispanic

>> African >> Asian >> older adults

Sweeteners added to food that provide few or no calories are called ______ ______.

>> alternative sweeteners

Which two amino acids make up the alternative sweetener, Aspartame? >> aspartic acid >> glutamic acid >> phenylalanine >> cysteine

>> aspartic acid >> phenylalanine

Which of the following contribute to dental caries? >> brushing teeth >> bedtime bottles >> apples

>> bedtime bottles

Soluble fiber improves heart health by binding to ______ in the GI tract. >> lactose >> bile components >> microbes >> triglycerides

>> bile components

One effect of insoluble fiber consumption is to increase stool ______.

>> bulk

Plants use energy from the sun to combine carbon dioxide and water to form ______.

>> carbohydrates

Which nutrient is a source of energy for cells? >> carbohydrates >> vitamins >> minerals

>> carbohydrates

Which food groups should be emphasized to increase dietary fiber intake? >> choose cooked meats >> chose whole grains >> chose vegetables >> choose fiber-rich fruits

>> chose whole grains >> chose vegetables >> choose fiber-rich fruits

What are some strategies a lactose intolerant individual can use to meet his/her dairy requirement without experiencing discomfort? >> eat cottage cheese >> take a multivitamin supplement >> consume smaller dairy portions >> substitute soy milk for cows milk

>> consume smaller dairy portions >> substitute soy milk for cows milk

Methods for monitoring diabetes include: >> measuring daily blood pressure >> daily blood glucose testing >> measuring daily RBC levels >> measuring HbA1c levels

>> daily blood glucose testing >> measuring HbA1c levels

What is a risk of consuming sugars in the diet? >> gastrointestinal disease >> hypoglycemia >> dental caries >> gout

>> dental caries

T/F: High-carbohydrate diets lead to a condition known as ketones which can disturb the body's normal acid-base balance.

>> false

An alternate term for "simple sugars" is ______.

>> monosaccharide

Apples and carrots contain: >> added sugars >> natural sugars

>> natural sugars

Which of the following can be permanently damaged by uncontrolled diabetes? >> nerves >> organs >> teeth >> blood vessels

>> nerves >> organs >> blood vessels

Fatty liver is the term used to describe the build-up of fat in the liver caused by excess alcohol consumption. A fatty liver can also occur in people who are obese but who do not drink alcohol. When this occurs, it is called ______. >> fatty liver syndrome >> non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) >> fatty liver disease (FLII)

>> non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame, monk fruit extract, and stevia leaf extracts are all termed: >> sugar alcohol >> natural sugar >> nonnutritive sweeteners >> alternative sweeteners

>> nonnutritive sweeteners

Which type of sweetener provides energy to the body? >> saccharin >> nutritive >> sucralose >> nonnutritive

>> nutritive

Which type of sweetener provides energy to the body? >> sucralose >> saccharin >> nutritive >> nonnutritive

>> nutritive

In the small intestine, starch digestion continues due to the enzyme ______ ______.

>> pancreatic amylase

In a lactose intolerant person, dietary lactose is >> passed into the colon >> incompletely digested >> digested and absorbed

>> passed into the colon >> incompletely digested

Added sugar is sugar added to food during: >> preparation >> pasteurization >> processing

>> preparation >> processing

Foods that satisfy hunger usually are high in: >> protein >> refined starches >> fiber >> added sugar

>> protein >> fiber

Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia? >> irritability >> bone pain >> cramping >> shakiness

>> shakiness >> irritability

Low glycemic index foods are: >> quickly absorbed >> slowly absorbed >> high in refined carbohydrates >> high in fiber

>> slowly absorbed >> high in fiber

The absorption of carbohydrates primarily occurs in the ______ ______.

>> small intestine

The type of fiber that can reduce blood cholesterol and glucose levels is ______ fiber.

>> soluble

Polysaccharides contain a minimum of ______ monosaccharides. >> 5 >> 10 >> 2

>> 10

Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose *>> insulin* *>> glucagon* ~~~ decreases blood glucose ~~~ increases blood glucose

*>> insulin*~~~ decreases blood glucose *glucagon*~~~ increases blood glucose

According to MyPlate, adults should consume ______ to ______ cups of fruit daily.

>> 1.5 to 2

What American populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes? >> African Americans >> Latino/Hispanic Americans >> Caucasian Americans >> Native Americans

>> African Americans >> Latino/Hispanic Americans >> Native Americans

Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity? >> Type 2 diabetes >> Type 1 diabetes

>> Type 2 diabetes

Your friend Joe is concerned that the non-nutritive sweetener he is consuming may not be safe. You were able to tell him that all non-nutritive sweeteners that have been approved as safe by the... >> Federal Trade Commission >> U.S. Food and Drug Administration >> American Medical Association

>> U.S. Food and Drug Administration

The alternative sweetener that people with phenylketonuria must avoid is ______. >> saccharin >> sucralose >> stevia >> aspartame

>> aspartame

Stephen complains to his doctor of frequent urination and extreme thirst. Over the past 3 months, he also lost 12 pounds without dieting. His doctor sends him for tests to see if he has: >> hyperthyroidism >> a kidney infection >> diabetes >> cancer

>> diabetes

Cells need a small amount of glucose to properly metabolize this nutrient for energy. >> water >> fat >> vitamins >> proteins

>> fat

Ketone bodies result from the incomplete metabolism of ______.

>> fat

When you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can be used to supply energy? Select all that apply. >> fat >> protein >> vitamins >> fiber

>> fat >> protein

Sugar sweetened beverages, a main dietary source of added sugar, include: >> 100% fruit juice >> vegetable juice >> milk >> fruit"ades"

>> fruit"ades"

Lactose is made up of the two monosaccharides ______ and ______.

>> galactose >> glucose

What are the suspected causes of hyperactivity? >> level of physical activity >> sugar intake >> genetic factors >> environmental factors

>> genetic factors >> environmental factors

Once they are transported to the liver, fructose and galactose are converted to ______.

>> glucose

Polysaccharides in plants and animals are comprised of long chains of ______.

>> glucose

______ is the only monosaccharide found in maltose.

>> glucose

You will be diagnosed with metabolic syndrome if you have 3 or more of the following signs: >> high fasting blood glucose levels >> high blood pressure >> large waist circumference >> high fasting HDL cholesterol levels

>> high fasting blood glucose levels >> high blood pressure >> large waist circumference

To prevent metabolic syndrome, one should: >> increase intake of fruits >> increase intake of nuts >> increase intake of vegetables >> increase intake of full fat diary

>> increase intake of fruits >> increase intake of nuts >> increase intake of vegetables

Risks to the pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes include: >> increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes >> giving birth to a large infant >> giving birth to an abnormally small baby >> increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes

>> increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes >> giving birth to a large infant

Fibers that are not readily dissolved in water are called: >> soluble fiber >> starch >> pectins >> insoluble fiber

>> insoluble fiber

Another name for fructose is: >> sucrose >> dextrose >> levulose >> galactose

>> levulose

Small intestinal enzymes that digest disaccharides include: >> maltase >> amylase >> lactase >> sucrase

>> maltase >> lactase >> sucrase

Which of the following are sugar alcohols? Choose ALL that apply. >> cyclamate >> mannitol >> xylitol >> sorbitol

>> mannitol >> xylitol >> sorbitol

What are some natural food sources of sucrose? >> breakdown of starches >> milk >> maple syrup >> carrots

>> maple syrup >> carrots

Eating excessive amounts of fiber may interfere with the intestinal absorption of certain ______.

>> minerals

What happens to excess carbohydrate consumed after your cells have met their energy needs? >> some glucose is converted to glycogen >> some glucose is converted to protein >> some glucose is converted to fat

>> some glucose is converted to glycogen >> some glucose is converted to fat

Types of carbohydrates include: >> proteins >> starches >> sugars >> fibers

>> starches >> sugars >> fibers

Based on their carbohydrate content, seeds, roots, and tubers are considered ______ foods.

>> starchy

After leaving the mouth, salivary amylase is inactivated by: >> duodenal enzymes >> esophagus acids >> stomach acids >> small intestinal enzymes

>> stomach acids

A good source of dietary sucrose is: >> eggs >> table sugar >> low-fat milk

>> table sugar

Why is it not a good idea to consume excessive amounts of sugar alcohols? >> they provide excess kcalories >> they can cause tooth decay >> they can cause diarrhea >> they can cause intoxication

>> they can cause diarrhea