HTML and the Web

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The ___ element contains special information for the browser

<head></head>

The ___ element is also known as the root element

<html></html>

.biz:

business

Audience

it is important for the web designer to understand the needs, interests, and technology level of the people the website is designed for

Auto music or video:

most users dislike sites that automatically play music or video when loaded

Font confusion:

proper use of type fonts and sizes can enhance website readability and ease of use

Text

refers to the content (the words) used on a web page to present a particular topic

Accessibility

refers to the degree a website can be used by people with differing ability levels

Which item is critical when defining a website's purpose?

target audience

Purpose

the best websites clearly present a reason for the existence of the site

The ___ element contains everything intended for display on a web page

<body></body>

web-based application

a computer-based software package that can be accessed through the web browser and is specifically designed to help the user perform a task such as updating a shared online calendar

Website:

a connected group of pages on the web that together are considered one single object. They are usually maintained by one person or organization and are about a single topic or a few related ones.

Web page:

a document on the Internet made up of an HTML file and any related files for scripts and graphics

Internet:

a global system of connected computer networks that use certain technical standards to connect the web and make pages available for people to access

Ajax

a group of technologies that can be used to produce a web-based application or "app"

Client Side Programming Language

a language that physically runs on the website visitor's own computer

fixed sidebar

a permanent element that stays where it is while the rest of the page scrolls

Helvetica

a popular typeface and can be used on many kinds of web publications

Server Side Programming Language

a program that physically runs on the web host's computer

Browser:

a program used to access the Internet and connect to the web

Cascading style sheets (CSS)

a simple computer language that is used to describe how a marked-up document, such as an HTML or XML file, should be displayed

site map

a single web page containing a list of hyperlinks, each representing a page in the website

Markup language

a standardized way of annotating, or "marking up" a document so programs reading the document can easily tell the difference between the document text and the markup annotations

PHP

an example of a programming language that is frequently used to develop websites with existing databases and is a Server Side Programming Language

JavaScript

an example of a programming language that is supported in all browsers and is the most frequently used Client Side Programming Language

Planning:

an excellent design is not possible without extensive planning before the site is constructed

World Wide Web (WWW or web):

an information space where a collection of web pages are available online

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C):

an international community where member organizations and the public work together to develop web standards. W3C's standards help define and determine what makes the World Wide Web work efficiently

theme

an overall design as applied to an entire website

Links

are clickable text and graphics that can connect different parts of one long web page, one web page to another web page, or different pages of the same website

Interactive media

are electronic or web-based applications and features that allow people to participate by creating and editing the content

Graphics

are icons, screenshots, logos, and pictures contained on a web page

alt

attribute is used to provide the text to display (or read) if the browser cannot find the designated image

title

attribute is used to provide tool tip text to display when a user pauses over an image with the mouse pointer

SRC

attribute is used to tell the browser where the desired image can be found

Bad backgrounds:

avoid backgrounds that distract from the content on a page

World Wide Web

made up of many websites containing various kinds of web pages

Sans serif

means that there are no serifs, or points, on the ends of the characters

Typeface

means the design of the type collection or family -letters -numbers -symbols -Calibri -Arial -Times New Roman

Serif

means the ends of the characters have finishing points

element placement:

most users expect certain elements to appear in a certain place -for example, a company logo in the top left corner, the navigation menu above or to the left, and a search box in the top right corner

navigation menu

must contain enough clearly labeled links to enable users to easily find the information they seek

.net:

network

.org:

non-profit organization

font

one member of a type family and is any variant in a typeface's size and style

fixed sidebar layout

one that uses a fixed sidebar -allows the navigation to be easily accessible from any point in the website

Poor navigation and user orientation:

site users must be able to easily find what they seek and know where they are in a site

Spelling errors:

spell check your site

tags

the annotations used by markup languages

Visual appealing

the best websites are pleasing to look at and make you want to click further through the pages

top-level domain name

the last part of the website address, after the period, which categorizes the group that is authorizing the website

root element

the outermost container, and tells the browser that the document is an HTML document

layout of a web page

the process of placing or "laying out" the text, graphics, and other elements of a web page

navigation:

the site menu is complete, clearly labeled, and understandable -unacceptable example would be a menu that uses "mystery buttons" that display no text revealing their destination

readability:

the site uses a readable type font that is large enough and displayed on an appropriate background -unacceptable example would be small type displayed in red on a black background

Two examples of markup languages are:

-HTML, or Hypertext Markup Language -XML, or EXtensible Markup Language

Choose all items that represent characteristics of HTML

-a markup language -controls the display of a web page -has words called "tags" and a syntax for their proper use

Dead hyperlinks:

all hyperlinks on a web page should work correctly

Ajax is a group of technologies that:

-allow a lot of interactivity, such as instant messaging -is used for web-based applications such as Gmail and Facebook -can update parts of a web page without reloading the whole page

Interactive media are web-based applications or features that:

-allow users to participate by creating and editing the content -combine digital media such as graphics, moving images, and electronic text -allow users to post information such as with video games and websites

some features that make web pages successful:

-an obvious and self-explanatory purpose -a clear structure, practical visual clues, and easily recognizable links for navigation -short and concise phrases that get to the point as quickly as possible using objective language -designs that meet current web standards such as ensuring a visitor's information will be kept secure and using markup languages correctly

Select all items that describe characteristics of a website theme

-applies to the overall website design -harmonizes all parts of a website -conveys a feeling to the target audience -optimizes a site's usability

some factors web designers consider to ensure their pages are consistently useful and appealing:

-audience -purpose -what would make the page visually appealing -how the page can be easy to use -what content would be most useful

Choose all items that represent characteristics of HTML tags

-consist of a keyword (name) surrounded by angle brackets -usually consist of pairs: a start tag and an end tag

Choose all items that represent common website design flaws

-distracting background -too many or confusing fonts -poor navigation -dead hyperlinks

Choose all of the statements that describe a sans serif typeface

-easier to read on small mobile devices. -more easily digitized -no points on the ends of the characters

Choose all of the statements that describe a serif typeface

-ends of the characters have finishing points -increased spacing between letters and words aids legibility -guides a reader's eyes from one character to the next on printed documents

Common HTML Errors:

-misspelled tag keywords (tag names) -not using lowercase for all tag and attribute keywords. -missing opening or closing tags -improperly written opening or closing tags (e.g., missing angle bracket or forward slash) -failure to include required element attributes -forgetting to place an equals sign after an attribute -keyword, or quotes around attribute values -nesting elements incorrectly or where they are not permitted

Choose all items that are characteristics of placing nested elements on a new line, using indentation

-not required by a web browser -makes HTML analysis and repair easier -done automatically by HTML authoring software

Common menu designs include:

-rows of horizontal or vertical hyperlinks (or buttons) -clickable folder tabs -links that expand when a user pauses over them with the mouse, revealing more choices (drop-down and fly-out menus)

Choose all items that represent essential steps in the planning of an excellent website

-specifying the target audience -determining individual page content -designing the navigation menu -specifying the site content to be offered

Which of the following statements is true of cascading style sheets (CSS)?

-they are used to control the layout of page elements -they are used to control font -they can be used by multiple HTML pages

programming language

a coded language used by programmers to write instructions for a computer to do what the programmer wants

easy to use

good websites make it easier to navigate from one page to the other with relevant links in obvious places

A web-based application is a computer-based software package that can be accessed through the web browser

T

Adobe Flash allows web developers to incorporate animations and interactive content into their websites

T

Interactive media and web-based applications are important because they increase the usability and functionality of a site

T

Interactive media encourages the user to become more involved with the website

T

This lesson about web pages is an example of interactive media

T

Each paragraph should be inside:

a <p></p> tag

Hyperlink:

a clickable link that takes you to another web page

.gov:

government

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

called "display markup" because the tags tell the browser how to display the marked-up text

EXtensible Markup Language (XML)

called semantic markup because the tags tell the browser what the marked-up text is, not how to display it

.com:

company

box layout

consists of three or five well-placed boxes -popular with news websites that want to showcase the day's top news stories, photos, and links to additional stories

Information overload:

do not overload any one page with too much information

.edu:

educational institution

An acceptable website design is one that meets user design expectations and is also:

effective

Other countries have domains too

for example, .uk = England and .ca = Canada

Useful content

good web pages stick to the point, do not have useless information, and showcase important information

The accessibility of a website refers to which of the following features:

usability by the disabled

featured graphic layout

useful for showing off icons, screenshots, or logos that look great in a big circle or square

Poor page load time:

web pages that take too long to load drive users away from your site

layout

where the web designer matches the basic elements of a web page (code, graphics, links, and text) with the application of design factors (audience, purpose, visually appealing, easy to use, and useful content) that you previously learned about

Hypertext

which is simply text containing hyperlinks that can be used to go to other hypertext (web) pages

Markup

which refers to the fact that HTML is used to mark the information on a web page, such as text or images, with the instructions a browser needs to display it as desired

Language

which signifies that HTML consists of a defined set of "words" and rules for using them correctly

Innovation:

within the constraints of a comprehensive plan, design innovation is still possible


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