HUEC 1110 EXAM 3 CHAPTER 9
Excessive intake of vitamin A from supplements could cause all of the following EXCEPT: a. liver damage. b. birth defects. c. increased incidence of bone fracture. d. acne.
d
Fat soluble vitamins require _______ and _______ for absorption into intestinal cells. a. bile and lymph b. lymph and dietary fat c. lymph and chylomicrons d. bile and dietary fat
d
In the body, vitamin E: a. is incorporated into chylomicrons. b. functions as a fat-soluble antioxidant. c. is used to neutralize free radicals. d. all of these statements are true.
d
Retin A and Acutane, derived from vitamin A, can do all of the following EXCEPT: a. reduce skin wrinkles. b. treat acne. c. increase epithelial cell turnover. d. prevent one from getting the flu.
d
The food that contains the most vitamin D is: a. whole-wheat bread. b. cranberry juice. c. peanut oil. d. whole milk.
d
The recommended intake of vitamin E is expressed in: a. REs. b. µgs. c. alpha-tocopherol equivalents. d. mgs of alpha-tocopherol.
d
Vitamin A is essential for ____________. a reproduction b. growth c. immune function d. all of these
d
Cystic fibrosis increases the risk of vitamin E deficiency because: a. vitamin E use increases in the body. b. fat absorption is reduced. c. vitamin E excretion increases. d. vitamin E-containing foods taste bitter to affected individuals.
b
Examples of foods that are the highest in preformed vitamin A compounds include: a. carrots and pumpkins. b. fish and dairy products. c. mangoes and tangerines. d. tomatoes and red peppers.
b
From Figure 9.4, what is true about night vision? a. Looking into the bright headlights of an approaching car at night is permanently blinding. b. The regeneration of rhodopsin is delayed when vitamin A is deficient. c. Night blindness is an irreversible symptom of vitamin A deficiency. d. The visual cycle begins when light passes into the eye and strikes the optic nerve.
b
In the liver, vitamin E is incorporated into _______ and from there delivered to cells. a. LDLs b. VLDLs c. chylomicrons d. HDLs
b
One reason that fat-soluble vitamins are grouped together is because they: a. provide similar functions in the body. b. do not require transport carriers for absorption. c. require bile and dietary fat for absorption. d. are not associated with clinical deficiencies.
b
Reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables, tends to decrease intake of all of the following fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT vitamin _____. a. A b. D c. E d. K
b
The primary function of vitamin D in the body is to: a. prevent anemia. b. regulate calcium and phosphorus levels. c. modulate iron levels. d. support night vision.
b
Vitamin A is stable EXCEPT when exposed to: a. heat. b. light and oxygen. c. cold temperatures such as in a refrigerator. d. fat.
b
Vitamin E deficiency in the U.S. is most likely to be a problem in: a. older adults. b. premature infants. c. teenagers. d. pregnant women.
b
Vitamin K is required to produce prothrombin, which is needed for: a. antioxidant functions. b. blood clotting. c. bone calcification. d. night vision.
b
What is true about the function of vitamin D? a. Vitamin D inactivates cancerous cells. b. Vitamin D works with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to increase calcium retention by the kidneys. c. Vitamin D decreases the production of intestinal calcium transport proteins. d. Vitamin D binds to proteins in the cytoplasm of most cells.
b
When consumption of __________is insufficient, vitamin A absorption is decreased. a. protein b. fat c. carbohydrate d. water
b
Vitamin D acts primarily in the: a. skin and liver. b. stomach and pancreas. c. intestine, kidney and bone. d. heart and lungs.
c
Vitamin E is essential for: a. fertility. b. the prevention of rashes. c. the healing of scars. d. bone formation.
a
What is a function of vitamin E? a. Vitamin E neutralizes reactive oxygen compounds to prevent cell damage. b. Vitamin E blocks the absorption of free radicals in the small intestine. c. Vitamin E works with biotin to destroy harmful intestinal bacteria. d. Vitamin E liberates the bound reactive oxygen compounds into the bloodstream.
a
What is the purpose of retinol activity equivalents? a. To provide a factor for converting a quantity of carotenoids to an equivalent amount of vitamin A. b. To determine the amount of vitamin A lost in processing. c. To quantify the decrease in vitamin A function due to exercise or activity. d. To estimate the bioavailability of vitamin A from different food sources.
a
Which food contains the highest amount of vitamin E? a. Almonds b. Cheese c. Oatmeal d. Beef liver
a
Which form(s) of vitamin A has antioxidant properties? a. Carotenoids b. Preformed vitamin A c. Retinal d. Retinoic acid
a
Which group of people is most at risk for vitamin D deficiency? a. Elderly b. Light skinned children c. Pregnant women d. Teenagers
a
Which is true regarding vitamin E in the diet? a. Natural alpha-tocopherol is about twice as active as the synthetic type. b. Vitamin E in supplements is identical to the naturally occurring vitamin in foods. c. Most nutrition facts panels underestimate the amount of functional vitamin E. d. Several naturally occurring forms of vitamin E in foods can be converted with similar efficiencies to the active form of the vitamin.
a
Which of the following disease conditions is related to vitamin A's role in maintaining epithelial tissue? a. Xerophthalmia b. Night blindness c. Conjunctivitis d. Macular Degeneration
a
Which vitamin has the best known role in cell differentiation? a. A b. D c. E d. K
a
Why would vitamin A deficiency cause eye infections and blindness? a. Vitamin A maintains epithelial tissues. b. The mucus secreting cells damage the surface of the eye. c. Keratin-producing cells decrease immune function. d. The hard, dry surface protects normal epithelium.
a
A vitamin D-deficiency syndrome characterized by bone deformities in children is called: a. rickets. b. xerophthalmia. c. scurvy. d. osteomalacia.
a
As the intake of polyunsaturated fats increases, the need for vitamin E: a. increases. b. decreases. c. changes in complex ways determined according to intake of antioxidant nutrients. d. there is no known relationship.
a
Children in developing nations are most likely to develop deficiency symptoms associated with which vitamin? a. A b. D c. E d. K
a
Fat soluble vitamins are transported from the intestine within ______________. a. chylomicrons b. VLDLs c. LDLs d. HDLs
a
The action of sunlight on 7-dehydrocholesterol forms: a. cholecalciferol. b. retinol. c. parathyroid hormone. d. 25-hydroxy vitamin D.
a
The best way to increase antioxidant intake is to: a. eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. b. eat more meat. c. consume more dairy foods. d. take an antioxidant-containing supplement.
a
The carotenoid with the most vitamin A activity is ____________. a. beta-carotene b. alpha-carotene c. beta-cryptoxanthin d. lycopene
a
The primary function of vitamin E is: a. to act as an antioxidant. b. to increase absorption of calcium in the small intestine. c. to regulate acid-base balance. d. to regulate glucose levels.
a
Vitamin D regulates ________ and _________ balance in the body. a. calcium; phosphorus b. energy; fat c. sodium; potassium d. estrogen; progesterone
a
Which statement about fat soluble vitamins is FALSE? a. They can function in the control of gene expression. b. Fat soluble vitamins are only found in plant-based foods. c. Intake can vary without risking deficiency as long as the average intake is adequate. d. After absorption, they are transported in the lymphatic system.
b
Which visual pigment is formed by the combination of retinal vitamin A and opsin that allows for perception of light? a. retinol-binding protein b. rhodopsin c. retinoic acid d. keratin
b
A condition in which carotenoids accumulate in adipose tissue causing skin discoloration is: a. related to acute toxicity. b. caused by eating egg yolks. c. called hypercarotenemia. d. related to jaundice, when the whites of the eyes turn yellow.
c
Deficiencies of vitamins _____ and _____ are most common in developing countries. a. A & E b. D & K c. A & D d. E & K
c
How does vitamin A affect gene expression? a. It binds to the protein formed from the messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cytoplasm. b. It deactivates the protein receptor in the nucleus of the cell. c. It can change the amount of messenger RNA (mRNA) that is made by the gene. d. It blocks the formation of the retinoic acid-protein receptor complex.
c
When vitamin A is deficient, all of the following occur EXCEPT: a. new epithelial cells do not differentiate properly. b. epithelial cells produce a hard protein found in hair and fingernails. c. epithelial cells produce too much mucus. d. the likelihood of infection is increased.
c
Which form of vitamin A is involved in vision? a. Beta-carotene b. Lycopene c. Retinal d. Retinoic acid
c
Which of the following factors can explain why vitamin D deficiency is on the rise? a. Incorporation of fortified food sources in the diet b. Stable amount of vitamin synthesis based on skin exposure c. Increased use of sunscreen products d. Same AI requirement for infants, children and adults
c
Why vitamin D is known as the "sunshine vitamin"? a. It functions as a vitamin only during the daylight hours. b. It is available to the body only upon regular exposure to sunlight. c. It can be produced in the skin by exposure to ultraviolet light. d. It is activated immediately in the muscles upon exposure to sunlight
c
The process whereby cell changes occur in structure and function leading to specialization is known as cell: a. transcription. b. maintenance. c. expression. d. differentiation.
d
Vitamin A toxicity occurs most frequently when large amounts of _________ is (are) ingested. a. carrot juice b. egg yolks c. polar bear liver d. preformed vitamin A supplements
d
Which fat soluble vitamin can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria? a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin D c. Vitamin E d. Vitamin K
d
Which of the following is a good source of vitamin E? a. Calf's liver b. Skim milk c. Raw tomatoes d. Vegetable oil
d
Which statement about the stability of vitamin E is FALSE? a. It can be destroyed when oil is repeatedly heated to high temperatures. b. It is destroyed by exposure to oxygen. c. It is sensitive to light. d. It is often completely destroyed in the normal cooking process.
d
Which transports preformed vitamin A from liver stores to tissues? a. Carotenoid circulating factor b. Chylomicrons c. Opsin d. Retinol binding protein
d