HUM 2093 - Exam 2

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Baháʾí?

all Baháʾís should be open to following God's call to become a member of the clergy

Who is the founder of Sikhism?

Guru Nanak

What is the name of the Shinto scripture?

Shinto has no scripture

Which of the following is NOT a Hindu god that dates to pre-Vedic times?

Shiva

The Buddha's name at birth was what?

Siddhartha Gautama

Sikhs understand dharma to mean following the path of righteousness as laid down by __________________.

the Gurus

Which dynasty brought a long period of relative stability to China, established the Silk Road trade routes, and gave its name to the largest ethnic group in modern China?

Han

What Confucian teacher believed that humans are basically good?

Mengzi

Which Sikh leader compiled the first edition of the Adi Granth?

Guru Arjan

The founder of Baháʾí is called what?

Bahuallah

Which of the following was NOT one of the Hundred Schools of Thought?

Buddhism

In the early medieval period, Daoist texts were collected into three "caverns," reminiscent of the three baskets of the Buddhist canon. Which of the following was NOT one of the three caverns of Daoist texts? 1. Cavern of Divinity 2. Cavern of Contemplation 3. Cavern of Mystery 4. Cavern of Perfection

Cavern of Contemplation

During the late Han period, a time of political and social upheaval, a series of Daoist sages arose called what?

Celestial Masters

Which religious tradition most emphasizes the importance of service to the community or state?

Confucianism

This common saying circulated during and after the Tang Dynasty: _________________ for the external world, __________________ and _________________ for the inner world?

Confucianism, Buddhism, Daoism

What is the foundational text of Daoism, the basis for all later Daoist works?

Daodejing (Tao Te Ching)

Which book was NOT important in either Confucianism or Neo-Confucianism? 1. Daodejing (Tao Te Ching) 2. Great Learning 3. Yijing (I Ching) 4. Analects

Daodejing (Tao Te Ching)

Many of the words of Guru Gobindh Singh are included in which book?

Dasam Granth

Bahaullah saw himself not only as the fulfillment of the Bab's prophecies concerning the Twelfth Imam, but also as a successor to all of the following EXCEPT:

Gandhi

Which religion continued to see the traditional caste system as valid long after other religious traditions in the region had rejected it?

Hinduism

The two primeval parents, according to Shinto mythology, are named what?

Izanagi and Izanami

What is the name of the Hindu goddess who represents the destruction that time brings to all things?

Kali

Which of the following is NOT one of the Hindu trimurti?

Krishna the Omniscient

The Bhagavad Gita is a part of what larger epic work?

Mahabharata

The largest group of modern Buddhists follow which stream of Buddhist thought?

Mahayana

Which later form of Daoism incorporates divine revelations and a view of heaven and hell similar to Buddhism?

Numinous Treasure Daoism

The sacred syllable ___________ is considered by many Hindus to be Brahman as sound

Om

The oldest Buddhist canonical text is called what?

Pali canon

Which branch of Buddhism focuses on the teaching about Amitabha Buddha, who reigns as a celestial Buddha and instructs people in a realm of ultimate bliss until they attain enlightenment?

Pure Land

What is the oldest Hindu scripture?

Rig Veda

The earliest examples of Chinese writing, and the beginning of the continuous record of Chinese history, date to which dynasty?

Shang

In imperial China, the right of the ruling dynasty to govern the people was called what?

The mandate of heaven

Which branch of Buddhism believes that all people should aspire to be arhats, those who have achieved perfection?

Theravada

The school of Hindu philosophy that advocates radical nondualism, seeing only one thing as absolutely real in entire universe—Brahman—is called what?

Vedanta

Which is NOT one of the major branches of Buddhism?

Vedanta

In the two great Hindu epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, the main characters Rama and Krishna are avatars of which god?

Vishnu

The school of Hindu philosophy whose name comes from a Sanskrit word meaning "to unite" is called what?

Yoga

The _______________ dynasty includes the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, and the lifespans of both Confucius and Laozi.

Zhou

Which Confucian scholar entered government service at the age of 18, streamlined the Confucian canon of sacred or important texts, and believed that the main goal of Confucianism is the individual's moral improvement and quest for becoming a sage?

Zhu Xi

Which Daoist thinker dreamed he was a butterfly?

Zhuangzi

Karma for Buddhists is not just any action but results from actions that reflect what?

a moral choice

The reason Jains wear masks to protect against inhaling small bugs and filter water to prevent ingesting any living thing is because of their extreme devotion to what idea?

ahimsa

Beginning in the 7th century CE, devotional worship of a personal god, as taught in the Puranas, became popular in India. This devotion to a single god represents what type of yoga?

bakhti

When Aryan invaders from the west entered the Indian subcontinent in the middle of the second millennium BCE, they brought with them which of the following religious ideas?

belief in sky gods

Which of the following is NOT one of the traditions associated with sramana movements in the first millennium BCE?

belief in the existence of the gods

The Bhagavad Gita speaks of three yogas, or sacred paths to spiritual knowledge. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

bhakti yoga(path of devotion)

Guru Gobindh Singh is considered the second most important leader of the Sikh community in its history. Which of the following did he NOT do? 1. designate the Sikh holy book as his successor 2. create the community of "Pure Ones" called the khalsa 3. design rules for future Sikh clergy 4. personally lead Sikh troops into battle against their enemies

design rules for future Sikh clergy

Sikhism recognizes five thieves (five vices). Which of the following is NOT one of the five thieves? 1. pride 2. anger 3. lust 4. detachment

detachment

Although entertaining to read or hear, the overarching focus of the Hindu epics is what?

dharma

The Adi Granth says, "The faithful do not wander around begging," and Sikhs also prohibit several other customs, rituals, or foods. Which of the following do Sikhs NOT prohibit? 1. eating meat 2. wearing the veil 3. sexual relations outside marriage 4. use of tobacco or alcohol

eating meat

Jain ascetics practice the Five Great Vows. Which of the following is NOT one of those vows?

give one fifth of one's possessions to the poor

A Sikh house of worship is called what?

gurdwara

What word do Sikhs use to describe the common human problem of egoism, self-reliance, or pride?

haumai

Later Hindu thought teaches that in order to achieve moksha, one must first see through maya, a word that means what?

illusion

Which of the following was NOT one of the aspects of Confucius's teaching? 1. importance of meditation 2. importance of government service 3. belief in Tian(heaven) 4. cardinal virtues of ritual and benevolence

importance of meditation

Which of the following is NOT true about Supreme Clarity (Shangqing) Daoism? 1. it promotes a class of supernatural beings calledzhenren(perfected beings) 2. it is based on the work of Yang Xi 3. it was the largest and most influential form of Daoism from the 6th through the 10th century CE 4. it viewed Laozi and Confucius as celestial beings

it viewed Laozi and Confucius as celestial beings

Spirits of natural phenomena and revered ancestors that are worshiped in Shinto are called what?

kami

Which type of yoga represents the path of action?

karma

In Jainism, omniscience that leads to moksha (liberation) is called what?

kevala

Guru Gobindh Singh used the faithfulness and courage of the Panj Piare("beloved five") as the inspiration for the community of "Pure Ones," also called:

khalsa

Sikhs wear or carry with them the "Five K's" in their daily lives. Which of the following is NOT one of the Five K's?

kirkuk (prayer shawl)

Zen Buddhists focus on meditation rather than sacred texts, but they do study traditional questions with answers that can require a great amount of effort to consider. The questions are contained in short narratives called what?

koans

Guru Nanak described a vision in which he was taken to the court of God, who gave him a cup of amrit, which is a kind of _________________.

nectar

In Daoism, harmonious unity with the Dao is achieved through:

nonaction

Although Hinduism is more diverse than many other religious traditions, certain common threads unite most Hindus. Which of the following are NOT one of those common threads?

overt monotheism

Which of these beliefs or practices do Sikhs NOT accept? 1. karma 2. pacifism 3. monotheism 4. samsara

pacifism

Buddhism recognizes six basic forms of motivation, which are organized into three pairs of motives, one bad and one good. Which of the following is NOT one of those pairs of motives?

pride/humility

A typical Shinto festival has four basic stages of ritual. Which of the following is NOT one of those stages? 1. presentation 2. purification 3. prayer 4. prostration

prostration

Buddhists recognize six realms of rebirth. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

realm of faeries/magical beings

Which of the following is NOT one of the three jewels of Jainism?

right testimony

Sikhism differs from the other Dharmic religions in believing that karma can be overcome in the present life by the proper understanding of God's truth, proper conduct, and God's grace. Thus, for Sikhs, the cycle of _________________ is not seemingly endless.

samsara

What is the Chinese word commonly translated as way or path?

tao/dao

In 1844 a Persian Muslim, Sayyid Ali Muhammad, received several visions, including of the martyred Imam Husayn, and he foretold the imminent coming of the Mahdi, and declared that his purpose was to prepare humanity for his advent. What is the more common name by which Sayyid Ali Muhammad is known in Baháʾí?

the Bab

Four events in the life of the Buddha are considered especially significant by Buddhists. Which is NOT one of the four?

the Buddha's departure from his father's house at age 30

Which of the following is NOT one of the beliefs of Baháʾí?

the God whom Baháʾís worship is distinct from the God of Muslims or Christians

The future Buddha who will teach the pure dharma to a world that has almost completely forgotten it is called what?

the Maitreya

The fourth Noble Truth, the truth of the path to the cessation of suffering, refers to what?

the Noble Eightfold Path

For Jains, what role do the gods play in human salvation?

the gods play no role in human salvation

Two important figures of the Axial Age were Parshva and Mahavira, viewed by Jains as the 23rd and 24th _________________, seminal figures within Jainism.

tirthankara

The ceremonial gate in a Shinto shrine that separates ordinary space from sacred space is called what?

torii

Which of the following is NOT one of the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism?

truth of overcoming suffering

The process whereby dominant classes adopt practices of the lower classes and thus legitimize them by incorporating them into the cultural form of the dominant classes is called what?

universalization