Hum Fiero Ch. 11
Who were the eighteenth-century figures who explicitly argued for women's rights?
-Antoine Nicolas de Condorcet -Mary Wollstonecraft
Which of the following artists' works greatly emphasized the sensuality of the body and were openly erotic? (Made with Review quiz)
Boucher
What innovative idea regarding education did Jean-Jacques Rousseau put forward in his treatise, Emile?
Education should begin at birth.
True or false: The philosophes were interested in developing new ideas, but felt that intellectual pursuits could not impact society.
False
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the Enlightenment's most outspoken critics for which reason?
He emphasized instinct over reason.
What charges were brought against Galileo by the Catholic Church?
Heresy
Which of the following distinguishes the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke?
Hobbes believed that the governing ruler or body should have ultimate authority. Locke believed that authority should be held by those governed.
Questioning the value of reason for the advancement of the human condition, ________ argued that society itself corrupted humankind. (Made with Review quiz)
Rousseau
Where did the philosophes develop and disseminate their ideas?
Salons in Parisian town houses
What theory states that the authority for government is derived from an agreement between individuals and the state?
Social contract
What idea was central to the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau? (Made with Review quiz)
Societies and their institutions corrupt human beings.
John Locke understood the mind as a blank slate, also known by what phrase?
Tabula rasa
What scientific instrument did Galileo perfect?
Telescope
How is Adam Smith generally known?
The father of modern economics
Which is true of the late eighteenth-century revolutions? (Made with Review quiz)
They put Enlightenment ideals into action.
According to John Locke, what purpose did government serve?
To preserve the rights of the governed
Whose engravings exposed the social ills and class discrepancies of British society, even as they mocked universal human vices? (Made with Review quiz)
William Hogarth
Johannes Kepler proved that the orbits of the planets are ______.
elliptical
Match the contributions to appropriate figures of the Scientific Revolution. Which contribution(s) belong to Kepler? (Made with click/drag)
-Elliptical planetary paths -Recorded planetary movements
What emerged in the eighteenth century?
-Magazines -Daily newspapers
Which social sciences emerged during the Enlightenment?
-Sociology -Economics
Francis Bacon refers to cultural prejudices that lead people to misinterpretation as ______.
Idols
According to Francis Bacon, privately held fallacies that derive from individual education and background belong to which category of falsehood?
Idols of the Cave
What was a main topic in Johannes Kepler's New Astronomy?
Laws of planetary motion
In Voltaire's Candide, who is the character of Pangloss modeled on? (Made with Review quiz)
Leibniz
Who influenced fashion and the arts at Versailles and commissioned Boucher to paint her portrait? (Made with Review quiz)
Madame de Pompadour
Newton's discoveries promoted the idea that the physical world could be described by what approach?
Mathematics
A proponent of constitutional monarchy, Montesquieu advocated for what governing precept?
Separation of the powers of state
How did Thomas Hobbes describe human life without the state?
Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
What was NOT a focus of artists in the Rococo style of painting? (Made with Review quiz)
Stark contrasts of light and dark
John Locke's theories of government influenced what events?
The American Revolution and the French Revolution
How did the Catholic Church respond to Galileo's publications?
The Church brought him to trial and forced him to renounce his ideas.
Eighteenth-century musical developments included all EXCEPT which of the following? (Made with Review quiz)
The birth of opera and oratorio
According to Adam Smith, what is the primary basis for wealth in the natural economic order?
The labor of self-interested individuals
What principle of the Enlightenment helped to light the spark of the American Revolution?
The power of reason
Voltaire's Candide satirizes what idea? (Made with Review quiz)
This is the best of all possible worlds.
What was the goal of Diderot's Encylopedie?
To transform society through knowledge
The author of On the Workings of the Human Body was physician Andreas __________.
Vesalius
The author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was Mary __________.
Wollstonecraft
Immanuel Kant's idea of the "___________ imperative" holds that our actions ought to be based on a sense of universal morality.
categorical
René Descartes developed his philosophical ideas through ________ reasoning.
deductive
In the geocentric model, the center of the cosmos is occupied by the __________.
earth
Francis Bacon promoted the use of direct, systematic observation for scientific discovery, or the __________ method.
empirical
Nicolas Copernicus promoted the ______ model of the cosmos.
heliocentric
The belief that universal principles should govern human behavior was known as ________ law.
natural
he American Declaration of Independence's expression of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" as "unalienable rights" is based on the Enlightenment concept of __________ law.
natural
Newton's Principia promoted the idea of a uniform and intelligible universe that operated as systematically as a well-oiled machine; his monumental work became the basis of modern ______. (Made with Review quiz)
physics
Montesquieu condemned ____________ as "unnatural and evil."
slavery
In the heliocentric model, the center of the cosmos is occupied by the
sun
Rene Descartes's separation of the mind and body is known by what term?
Cartesian dualism
The Rococo gardens style reflects the influence of the decorative arts of which country? (Made with Review quiz)
China
Determine the chronological order of the following contributions to the Scientific Revolution and the New Learning. (Made with click/drag)
1. Copernicus publishes On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres 2. Invention of the telescope 3. Bacon publishes the Novum Organum 4. Rembrandt completes The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp 5. Newton publishes the Principia Mathematica
During the nineteenth century, what was the general consensus of Descartes's philosophy (i.e., Cartesian dualism)?
It was widely accepted.
Who wrote: "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains"?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Which of the following is considered a writer whose works formed the wellspring of philosophical thought in the era and was highly influential upon Jefferson as well as Montesquieu? (Made with Review quiz)
John Locke
Who argued that human beings can better the world through the use of certain innate capabilities of mind? (Made with Review quiz)
Kant
What principle by Isaac Newton stated that every particle of matter attracts every other particle of matter?
Law of universal gravity
The French salon, center of intellectual debate, was usually organized by whom? (Made with Review quiz)
Noblewomen
Which of the following best describes the general philosophical mood of those writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (ca. 1650-1800) interested in social progress? (Made with Review quiz)
Optimistic
According to Hobbes, society must submit to rule by a strong individual for what reason? (Made with Review quiz)
People are by nature warlike and selfish.
John Locke's understanding of the mind as a blank slate meant that human knowledge was gained through what means?
Perceived experience
What was the foundation for the new social sciences that emerged during the Enlightenment?
Reason
-What influences from Amsterdam's ruling merchant class can you find in this painting? -How would a contemporary artist depict this subject: an anatomy lesson? -How many aspects of Baroque culture can you identify in this painting? Explain. -Speculate on Rembrandt's personal attitude toward the figures in this painting. (Made with Review quiz)
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Respond to this writing assignment. Compare the Catholic Church's response to Galileo's description of the heliocentric universe to contemporary Evangelical concerns with the teaching of evolution.
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Respond to this writing assignment. Consider Mary Wollstonecraft's Vindication of the Rights of Women from a 21st-century perspective. What would Wollstonecraft think of women's standing today? What changes would you like to see? Why? (Made with Review quiz)
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Respond to this writing assignment. Explain the nature of each of Bacon's Idols in your own words, giving an example of your own (or others') "errors" in perception and understanding that illustrates each. (Made with Review quiz)
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Respond to this writing assignment. How many of Pope's basic views on nature and humankind do you share? With which would you take issue? Why? (Made with Review quiz)
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Respond to this writing assignment. Imagine you are building a country mansion. Would you prefer the Rococo or the Neoclassical style? Why? (Made with Review quiz)
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Determine which ideas go with which New Learning thinker. Which ideas belong to Descartes? (Made with click/drag)
-"Cogito, ergo sum" -Deductive reasoning -Senses are deceiving
Determine which ideas go with which New Learning thinker. Which ideas belong to Locke? (Made with click/drag)
-At birth, human mind is a tabula rosa -No innate moral principles
What were the steps for proper reasoning, as advocated by Rene Descartes?
-Draw complete conclusions. -Break a problem into parts. -Do not accept something as true if you do not clearly know it to be true.
What were the foundations of the Scientific Revolution?
-Empirical method -Use of mathematical theory -Development of new measuring instruments
Match the contributions to appropriate figures of the Scientific Revolution. Which contribution(s) belong to Copernicus? (Made with click/drag)
-Heliocentric model of the cosmos -On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres (Wrote this)
Match the contributions to appropriate figures of the Scientific Revolution. Which contribution(s) belong to Galileo? (Made with click/drag)
-Improved design of Dutch telescopes -Law of Falling Bodies
The ideals expressed in the American Declaration of Independence were influenced most by which two thinkers?
-John Locke -Charles Montesquieu
What rights are part of the Enlightenment concept of natural rights?
-Liberty -Property -Life
Determine which ideas go with which New Learning thinker. Which ideas belong to Bacon? (Made with click/drag)
-Novum Organum asked for objectivity -Warned against "false notions"
Match the contributions to appropriate figures of the Scientific Revolution. Which contribution(s) belong to Newton? (Made with click/drag)
-Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Wrote this)
Determine the chronological order of the following inventions from the Scientific Revolution. (Made with click/drag)
1. Galileo improves telescope design to achieve three-power magnification 2. Compound microscope 3. Otto von Guericke perfects the air pump 4. Pascal invents the mercury barometer 5. Leibniz invents a calculator that multiplies and divides
Determine the chronological order of the following scientific and technological innovations of the Enlightenment. (Made with click/drag)
1. The world's first daily newspaper is published in England 2. The mercury thermometer is invented in Germany 3. First measurement of blood pressure 4. First mental hospital opens in London 5. Diderot's Encyclopedie is issued in seventeen volumes
In his travel narrative, what does Olaudah Equiano express? (Made with Review quiz)
Criticism of so-called Christians who would enslave other humans.
Who was the publisher of the famous Encyclopédie?
Denis Diderot
David's Oath of the Horatii is notable for which of the following? (Made with Review quiz)
Emphasis on reason and intellect over emotion and sentiment
In Critique of Practical Reason, Immanuel Kant proved that reason had little to do with morality.
False
True or false: Inductive reasoning begins with a known general principle and uses that to establish particular truths.
False
True or false: Like John Locke, Thomas Hobbes argued that people are naturally equal, free, and capable of defining the common good.
False
Galileo's law of falling bodies proved facts about what phenomenon?
Gravity
Which of the following is NOT generally considered a painter of the Rococo style? (Made with Review quiz)
Greuze
What form of Japanese poetry features a seventeen-syllable form, arranged in three lines of 5/7/5? (Made with Review quiz)
Haiku
Which statement is true of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
He argued that the natural inquisitiveness of children should be cultivated.
