Hum Fiero Ch. 11

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Who were the eighteenth-century figures who explicitly argued for women's rights?

-Antoine Nicolas de Condorcet -Mary Wollstonecraft

Which of the following artists' works greatly emphasized the sensuality of the body and were openly erotic? (Made with Review quiz)

Boucher

What innovative idea regarding education did Jean-Jacques Rousseau put forward in his treatise, Emile?

Education should begin at birth.

True or false: The philosophes were interested in developing new ideas, but felt that intellectual pursuits could not impact society.

False

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the Enlightenment's most outspoken critics for which reason?

He emphasized instinct over reason.

What charges were brought against Galileo by the Catholic Church?

Heresy

Which of the following distinguishes the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke?

Hobbes believed that the governing ruler or body should have ultimate authority. Locke believed that authority should be held by those governed.

Questioning the value of reason for the advancement of the human condition, ________ argued that society itself corrupted humankind. (Made with Review quiz)

Rousseau

Where did the philosophes develop and disseminate their ideas?

Salons in Parisian town houses

What theory states that the authority for government is derived from an agreement between individuals and the state?

Social contract

What idea was central to the philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau? (Made with Review quiz)

Societies and their institutions corrupt human beings.

John Locke understood the mind as a blank slate, also known by what phrase?

Tabula rasa

What scientific instrument did Galileo perfect?

Telescope

How is Adam Smith generally known?

The father of modern economics

Which is true of the late eighteenth-century revolutions? (Made with Review quiz)

They put Enlightenment ideals into action.

According to John Locke, what purpose did government serve?

To preserve the rights of the governed

Whose engravings exposed the social ills and class discrepancies of British society, even as they mocked universal human vices? (Made with Review quiz)

William Hogarth

Johannes Kepler proved that the orbits of the planets are ______.

elliptical

Match the contributions to appropriate figures of the Scientific Revolution. Which contribution(s) belong to Kepler? (Made with click/drag)

-Elliptical planetary paths -Recorded planetary movements

What emerged in the eighteenth century?

-Magazines -Daily newspapers

Which social sciences emerged during the Enlightenment?

-Sociology -Economics

Francis Bacon refers to cultural prejudices that lead people to misinterpretation as ______.

Idols

According to Francis Bacon, privately held fallacies that derive from individual education and background belong to which category of falsehood?

Idols of the Cave

What was a main topic in Johannes Kepler's New Astronomy?

Laws of planetary motion

In Voltaire's Candide, who is the character of Pangloss modeled on? (Made with Review quiz)

Leibniz

Who influenced fashion and the arts at Versailles and commissioned Boucher to paint her portrait? (Made with Review quiz)

Madame de Pompadour

Newton's discoveries promoted the idea that the physical world could be described by what approach?

Mathematics

A proponent of constitutional monarchy, Montesquieu advocated for what governing precept?

Separation of the powers of state

How did Thomas Hobbes describe human life without the state?

Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short

What was NOT a focus of artists in the Rococo style of painting? (Made with Review quiz)

Stark contrasts of light and dark

John Locke's theories of government influenced what events?

The American Revolution and the French Revolution

How did the Catholic Church respond to Galileo's publications?

The Church brought him to trial and forced him to renounce his ideas.

Eighteenth-century musical developments included all EXCEPT which of the following? (Made with Review quiz)

The birth of opera and oratorio

According to Adam Smith, what is the primary basis for wealth in the natural economic order?

The labor of self-interested individuals

What principle of the Enlightenment helped to light the spark of the American Revolution?

The power of reason

Voltaire's Candide satirizes what idea? (Made with Review quiz)

This is the best of all possible worlds.

What was the goal of Diderot's Encylopedie?

To transform society through knowledge

The author of On the Workings of the Human Body was physician Andreas __________.

Vesalius

The author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was Mary __________.

Wollstonecraft

Immanuel Kant's idea of the "___________ imperative" holds that our actions ought to be based on a sense of universal morality.

categorical

René Descartes developed his philosophical ideas through ________ reasoning.

deductive

In the geocentric model, the center of the cosmos is occupied by the __________.

earth

Francis Bacon promoted the use of direct, systematic observation for scientific discovery, or the __________ method.

empirical

Nicolas Copernicus promoted the ______ model of the cosmos.

heliocentric

The belief that universal principles should govern human behavior was known as ________ law.

natural

he American Declaration of Independence's expression of "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" as "unalienable rights" is based on the Enlightenment concept of __________ law.

natural

Newton's Principia promoted the idea of a uniform and intelligible universe that operated as systematically as a well-oiled machine; his monumental work became the basis of modern ______. (Made with Review quiz)

physics

Montesquieu condemned ____________ as "unnatural and evil."

slavery

In the heliocentric model, the center of the cosmos is occupied by the

sun

Rene Descartes's separation of the mind and body is known by what term?

Cartesian dualism

The Rococo gardens style reflects the influence of the decorative arts of which country? (Made with Review quiz)

China

Determine the chronological order of the following contributions to the Scientific Revolution and the New Learning. (Made with click/drag)

1. Copernicus publishes On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres 2. Invention of the telescope 3. Bacon publishes the Novum Organum 4. Rembrandt completes The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp 5. Newton publishes the Principia Mathematica

During the nineteenth century, what was the general consensus of Descartes's philosophy (i.e., Cartesian dualism)?

It was widely accepted.

Who wrote: "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains"?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Which of the following is considered a writer whose works formed the wellspring of philosophical thought in the era and was highly influential upon Jefferson as well as Montesquieu? (Made with Review quiz)

John Locke

Who argued that human beings can better the world through the use of certain innate capabilities of mind? (Made with Review quiz)

Kant

What principle by Isaac Newton stated that every particle of matter attracts every other particle of matter?

Law of universal gravity

The French salon, center of intellectual debate, was usually organized by whom? (Made with Review quiz)

Noblewomen

Which of the following best describes the general philosophical mood of those writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (ca. 1650-1800) interested in social progress? (Made with Review quiz)

Optimistic

According to Hobbes, society must submit to rule by a strong individual for what reason? (Made with Review quiz)

People are by nature warlike and selfish.

John Locke's understanding of the mind as a blank slate meant that human knowledge was gained through what means?

Perceived experience

What was the foundation for the new social sciences that emerged during the Enlightenment?

Reason

-What influences from Amsterdam's ruling merchant class can you find in this painting? -How would a contemporary artist depict this subject: an anatomy lesson? -How many aspects of Baroque culture can you identify in this painting? Explain. -Speculate on Rembrandt's personal attitude toward the figures in this painting. (Made with Review quiz)