Human A&P Chapter 8

Which of the following is an infection? Lyme disease. A sprain Osteoarthritis Bursitis. Polydactyly

Lyme disease.

Which of the following best describes the causes of common forms of arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are caused by effects of aging. Rheumatoid arthritis is a form of cancer and osteoarthritis is not. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging. Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by effects of aging and osteoarthritis is an autoimmune disease.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease and osteoarthritis is caused by effects of aging.

Which of the following is not a synovial joint? Saddle Ball-and-socket Hinge Symphysis Condylar

Symphysis

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint? Gomphosis Symphysis Coronal suture Sagittal suture Syndesmosis

Symphysis

Bones of a synovial joint are held together by articular cartilage. a meniscus. a joint capsule. a synovial membrane. a bursa.

a joint capsule.

Which of the following terms and descriptions is correctly paired? extension-bending the leg at the knee or decreasing the angle between the upper and lower leg adduction-moving a part in a circle or returning the arm from the horizontal position to the front of the body supination-turning the hand so the palm is downward abduction-lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline flexion-straightening parts at a joint so that the angle between them is increased

abduction-lifting the arm horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body or moving a part away from the midline

A dislocation of the shoulder is most likely to occur during forceful flexion. adduction. extension. abduction. circumduction.

abduction.

In rheumatoid arthritis the synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickens, forming a mass. fibrous tissues ossify and bones fuse. all of the above articular cartilage is damaged and fibrous tissue invades. the hands can look very deformed.

all of the above

Joints often contain cartilage. allow bones to grow. all of the above bind bones. enable body parts to move.

all of the above

Which of the following movements could occur at the hip joint? Extension all of the above Adduction Flexion Abduction

all of the above

A synchondrosis is formed by the bodies of two adjacent vertebrae. includes a joint capsule. allows free movement. allows bone growth. equalizes pressure between vertebrae.

allows bone growth.

When a joint is immobilized for a prolonged time, there is danger that articular cartilage will degenerate. synovial fluid will decrease. synovial fluid will increase. articular cartilage will thicken. articular cartilage will ossify.

articular cartilage will degenerate.

Joints are also called ligaments. annotations. periosteum. medullary cavities. articulations.

articulations.

In which of the following is rotational movement possible? Ball-and-socket joint Condylar joint Pelvic joint Hinge joint All of the above

ball-and-socket joint

Fluid-filled sacs containing synovial fluid are called tendons. menisci. peduncles. bursae. ligaments.

bursae

Connie recently celebrated her 45th birthday. She feels okay most of the day, but in the morning, for about a half hour after she gets out of bed, all of her joints feel stiff. This is due to changes in collagen structure. torn ligaments. poor circulation. sprains. nerve damage.

changes in collagen structure.

Glucosamine and chondroitin are dietary supplements from shells and cow carilage. proteins found in joints that are taken as dietary supplements. types of synovial joints. dietary supplements from fish skeletons. dietary supplements from human cadavers.

dietary supplements from shells and cow carilage.

Displacement and deformity of a joint is called sprain. ankylosis. arthritis. dislocation. bursitis.

dislocation.

A movement that brings the foot closer to the shin is a(n) adduction. dorsiflexion. plantar flexion. abduction. extension.

dorsiflexion.

The radial collateral ligament is associated with the knee joint. hip joint. shoulder joint. none of the above. elbow joint.

elbow joint.

A gomphosis is a(n) ______ joint. cartilagenous synovial fibrous synchondrosis ball-and-socket

fibrous

A suture is an example of a(n) cartilagenous joint. synovial joint. plane joint. fibrous joint. none of the above.

fibrous joint.

Movements permitted by the elbow joint between the humerus and the ulna are flexion and extension. adduction, flexion, and extension. none of the above. movement in any plane. rotation and circumduction.

flexion and extension.

A tooth root attached to a jawbone by a periodontal ligament is a _____ joint. synchondrosis symphsis gomphosis syndesmosis synovial

gomphosis

Disuse of the joints _____ _______ which hastens stiffening. causes injuries causes arthritis causes cancer hampers blood flow degenerates cartilage

hampers blood flow

Cartilagenous joints are connected by a joint capsule. hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. nervous tissue. synovial fluid. fibrous connective tissue.

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Activity and exercise exacerbate injuries keep joints functional longer. increase the number of joints. hasten osteoarthritis. make joints more vulnerable to injury.

keep joints functional longer.

The largest and most complex synovial joint is the knee joint. hip joint. shoulder joint. finger joints. elbow joint.

knee joint

Greg trips over a toy and experiences a sharp pain. His physician diagnosis a torn meniscus. Greg has injured his elbow joint. shoulder joint. pelvis. knee joint. hip joint.

knee joint.

A joint capsule is reinforced by hyaline cartilage providing strength to the capsule walls. articular cartilage cushioning ends of bones. ligaments binding articular ends of bones together. tendons binding articular ends of bones together. none of the above.

ligaments binding articular ends of bones together.

Fibrocartilage discs that divide the joint into two compartments are called menisci. ligaments. capsules. tendons. bursae.

menisci.

A muscle end attached to a relatively immovable part is called the origin. symphysis. beginning. articulation. insertion.

origin.

A sprain involves overuse of a joint. inflammation of bursae. inflammation of a synovial membrane. overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint. all of the above.

overstretched or torn ligaments and tendons in a joint.

Most of the joints in the ankle and wrist are plane joints. condylar joints. fibrous joints. hinge joints. pivot joints.

plane joints.

Movement that brings the foot farther from the shin is a(n) rotation. plantar flexion. dorsiflexion hyperextension. abduction.

plantar flexion.

A synovial membrane has tiny blood vessels. secretes synovial fluid. all of the above. secretes serous fluid. stores nervous tissue.

secretes synovial fluid.

The coracohumeral ligament is associated with the knee joint. elbow joint. shoulder joint. large toe joint. hip joint.

shoulder joint.

Artificial joints are built of silicone polymers for large joints and metals for small joints. silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints. glucosamine and chondroitin. wood and copper. proteins for small joints and carbohydrates for large joints.

silicone polymers for small joints and metals for large joints.

Articular cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from fatty pads in the joint. surrounding synovial fluid. chondrocytes. a direct blood supply. blood vessels in underlying spongy bone.

surrounding synovial fluid.

The joint that separates two vertebrae is a(n) synovial that is synarthrotic synovial that is diarthrotic symphysis that is diarthrotic symphysis that is amphiarthrotic. symphysis that is synarthrotic.

symphysis that is amphiarthrotic.

Types of fibrous joints include pivot, condylar, and ellipsoidal joints. plane, hinge, and saddle joints. synchondrosis, symphysis, and synovial joints. syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints. synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, and diarthrotic joints.

syndesmosis, suture, and gomphosis joints.

A fibrous joint in which an interosseous ligament binds bones is a suture. symphysis. hypothesis. gomphosis. syndesmosis.

syndesmosis.

The rotator cuff of the shoulder is composed mainly of adipose and epithelial tissue. muscle fibers. tendons and fibrous connective tissue. epithelium and loose connective tissue. articular cartilage.

tendons and fibrous connective tissue.

The hip joint has less freedom of movement than the shoulder joint because the hip has more supportive ligaments than the shoulder. the hip joint capsule is less elastic than the shoulder. the articulating parts of the hip are closer than those of the shoulder. the joint capsule of the hip is surrounded by muscles and the shoulder is not. the hip joint is more ossified than the shoulder joint.

the articulating parts of the hip are closer than those of the shoulder.

Classifying joints as synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic, or diarthrotic represents the composition of the joint. the degree of movement possible at the joint. location in the body. the color of the joint. the number of bones that the joint affects.

the degree of movement possible at the joint.