Human Anatomy & Physiology Ch#4 Q&A

The amino acids carried by the tRNA are eventually joined to one another by ___________________________bonds.

peptide

Which of the following combinations are correctly matched?

ribosome - protein synthesis

The first organelle to process a new protein after synthesis is the __________________.

rough endoplasmic reticulum

The first organelle to process a new protein after synthesis is the

rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Separation of______________ occurs in anaphase II of meiosis.

sister chromatids

How many bivalents are formed in a cell with 46 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis I?

23

If a protein is 100 amino acids, during translation how many of these entered via the A site of the ribosome?

99 (The first tRNA binds initially to the P site of the ribosome. All successive tRNAs enter the A site and then the P site.)

Which of the following takes place during interphase?

DNA replication organelle replication

The enzyme ___________ unzips and unwinds the DNA molecule.

Helicase

Where in the cell does transcription occur?

In the nucleus (Transcription must take place in the nucleus becoz that is where the dna is located)

The mitotic spindle fibers attach to chromosomes via special structures called______________

Kinetochores

Which phase demonstrates tetrads lining up along the metaphase plate?

Metaphase I

Which of the following statements is false about genes?

Once a gene is turned on, it is activated in all cells.

During protein synthesis, tRNA carrying amino acids bind to the ribosome at the

P and A sites

In translation, the initial tRNA binds to which ribosomal site?

P site

Which of the following represents the structure of a nucleotide?

Phosphate - Sugar - Base

The spindle apparatus is fully formed by the end of _____________

Prometaphase II

RNA polymerase begins its action at the ____________ and finishes at the ______________

Promotor; Terminator.

Translation is the synthesis of __________________

Proteins from mRNA. (In translation, mRNA is read to synthesize proteins)

All the proteins in an organisms is called a _____________

Proteome

Which of the following events occurs during anaphase I ?

Separation of homologus chromosomes

Which of the following events does NOT occur in prophase of mitosis?

The chromosome are replicated.

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is TRUE?

The leading strand is replicated continuously, while the lagging strand is replicated discontinuously.

How does DNA influence the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, and steroids?

The proteins that DNA codes for catalyze the reactions that synthesize these compounds.

What happens when a stop codon is encountered in mRNA?

The ribosomal complex falls apart and the protein is released into the cell.

Which of the following occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of one codon?

The tRNA that was in the A site moves into the P site.

Which of the following occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of three nucleotides?

The tRNA that was in the P site moves into the E site.

A segment of DNA that codes for the production of a molecule of RNA is known as a(n)

gene

The system that enables 4 nucleotides to dictate the sequences of millions of proteins is called the ____________

genetic code

UV radiation can cause changes to the DNA sequence known as_______________

mutations

Which of the following events occurs during Prophase I?

All of these choices are correct.

The complementary mRNA strand synthesized from the DNA sequence of CTGAC would be

GACUG

What is the name of the structure that develops during late anaphase and/or early telophase to help the cell divide into two new cells?

Cleavage furrow

Which of the following events would NOT take place if mitosis was stopped before the beginning of anaphase?

Cleavage furrow formation Sister chromatids' migration to opposite poles

Which of the following is NOT a possible stimulus to initiative cell division?

Contact inhibition

Which of the following DNA molecules is the most stable?

GCGTGCAC CGCACGTG

As helicase unwinds the DNA molecule, the separated strands are kept apart by DNA polymerase.

False

Centromeres divide during metaphase.

False

Homologus pairs of chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate during metaphase II.

False

Personality traits, such as sex drive and aggression , are not influenced by DNA.

False

Replication of chromosomes occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II.

False

The anticodon is the three base sequence on the messenger RNA that binds with the codons of the transfer RNA.

False

The sequence for protein synthesis is translation, then transcription.

False

The synthesis of messenger RNA is called translation.

False

The three base sequence in the transfer RNA is the codon.

False

A codon of tRNA is complementary to an anticodon of mRNA.

False ( The anticodon of the tRNA is complementary to the codon of the mRNA)

In translation, the intial tRNA is in the A site of the ribosome.

False (it occupies the P site on the ribosome)

Which of the following is the results of meiosis?

Four genetically different, haploid gametes.

Which of the following is a correct description of the products of meiosis?

Four haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid.

Which of the following statements about microtubules during anaphase is TRUE?

Those attached to chromosomes shorten, while those that are unattached elongate.

In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine?

Thymine

Which of the following is a true statement concerning protein synthesis?

Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.

After cytokinesis, the cell enters the G1 phase.

True

At the end of meiosis I, there are two haploid cells, each with two chromatids per chromosome.

True

Cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds between one another.

True

DNA replication results in two identical daughter molecules each consisting of one old (original) strand and one newly - synthesized strand.

True

Double - stranded DNA consists of two antiparallel strands, meaning that one strand is oriented in the 5' to 3' direction, while the other is oriented in the 3' to 5' direction.

True

The large ribosomal subunit joins the translation initiation complex after the small subunit has already joined.

True

The period between meiosis I and II is called interkinesis.

True

The point where separation of the DNA occurs in called the replication fork.

True

Which of the following is true of both mRNA and tRNA?

Uracil may be present.

Transcription occurs when ________________

a messenger RNA molecule is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus.

The set of three nucleotides on a molecule of tRNA is called a(n) _______________

anti-codon

In chromatin, DNA winds around disc-shaped clusters of eight proteins called _____________

histones

During translation, tRNA binds to the

large subunit of the ribosome.

During translation, tRNA binds to the __________________.

large subunit of the ribosome.

What is the product of transcription?

mRNA (The product of transcription is mRNA)

Which form of RNA is responsible for holding an amino acid in anticipation of protein synthesis:

tRNA

Which form of RNA is responsible for holding an amino acid in anticipation of protein synthesis?

tRNA

Translation occurs when ________________.

the blueprint of the RNA molecule is used to bind amino acids together to form proteins.