Human Anatomy & Physiology Ch#4 Q&A
The amino acids carried by the tRNA are eventually joined to one another by ___________________________bonds.
peptide
Which of the following combinations are correctly matched?
ribosome - protein synthesis
The first organelle to process a new protein after synthesis is the __________________.
rough endoplasmic reticulum
The first organelle to process a new protein after synthesis is the
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Separation of______________ occurs in anaphase II of meiosis.
sister chromatids
How many bivalents are formed in a cell with 46 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis I?
23
If a protein is 100 amino acids, during translation how many of these entered via the A site of the ribosome?
99 (The first tRNA binds initially to the P site of the ribosome. All successive tRNAs enter the A site and then the P site.)
Which of the following takes place during interphase?
DNA replication organelle replication
The enzyme ___________ unzips and unwinds the DNA molecule.
Helicase
Where in the cell does transcription occur?
In the nucleus (Transcription must take place in the nucleus becoz that is where the dna is located)
The mitotic spindle fibers attach to chromosomes via special structures called______________
Kinetochores
Which phase demonstrates tetrads lining up along the metaphase plate?
Metaphase I
Which of the following statements is false about genes?
Once a gene is turned on, it is activated in all cells.
During protein synthesis, tRNA carrying amino acids bind to the ribosome at the
P and A sites
In translation, the initial tRNA binds to which ribosomal site?
P site
Which of the following represents the structure of a nucleotide?
Phosphate - Sugar - Base
The spindle apparatus is fully formed by the end of _____________
Prometaphase II
RNA polymerase begins its action at the ____________ and finishes at the ______________
Promotor; Terminator.
Translation is the synthesis of __________________
Proteins from mRNA. (In translation, mRNA is read to synthesize proteins)
All the proteins in an organisms is called a _____________
Proteome
Which of the following events occurs during anaphase I ?
Separation of homologus chromosomes
Which of the following events does NOT occur in prophase of mitosis?
The chromosome are replicated.
Which of the following statements about DNA replication is TRUE?
The leading strand is replicated continuously, while the lagging strand is replicated discontinuously.
How does DNA influence the synthesis of lipids, carbohydrates, and steroids?
The proteins that DNA codes for catalyze the reactions that synthesize these compounds.
What happens when a stop codon is encountered in mRNA?
The ribosomal complex falls apart and the protein is released into the cell.
Which of the following occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of one codon?
The tRNA that was in the A site moves into the P site.
Which of the following occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of three nucleotides?
The tRNA that was in the P site moves into the E site.
A segment of DNA that codes for the production of a molecule of RNA is known as a(n)
gene
The system that enables 4 nucleotides to dictate the sequences of millions of proteins is called the ____________
genetic code
UV radiation can cause changes to the DNA sequence known as_______________
mutations
Which of the following events occurs during Prophase I?
All of these choices are correct.
The complementary mRNA strand synthesized from the DNA sequence of CTGAC would be
GACUG
What is the name of the structure that develops during late anaphase and/or early telophase to help the cell divide into two new cells?
Cleavage furrow
Which of the following events would NOT take place if mitosis was stopped before the beginning of anaphase?
Cleavage furrow formation Sister chromatids' migration to opposite poles
Which of the following is NOT a possible stimulus to initiative cell division?
Contact inhibition
Which of the following DNA molecules is the most stable?
GCGTGCAC CGCACGTG
As helicase unwinds the DNA molecule, the separated strands are kept apart by DNA polymerase.
False
Centromeres divide during metaphase.
False
Homologus pairs of chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate during metaphase II.
False
Personality traits, such as sex drive and aggression , are not influenced by DNA.
False
Replication of chromosomes occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II.
False
The anticodon is the three base sequence on the messenger RNA that binds with the codons of the transfer RNA.
False
The sequence for protein synthesis is translation, then transcription.
False
The synthesis of messenger RNA is called translation.
False
The three base sequence in the transfer RNA is the codon.
False
A codon of tRNA is complementary to an anticodon of mRNA.
False ( The anticodon of the tRNA is complementary to the codon of the mRNA)
In translation, the intial tRNA is in the A site of the ribosome.
False (it occupies the P site on the ribosome)
Which of the following is the results of meiosis?
Four genetically different, haploid gametes.
Which of the following is a correct description of the products of meiosis?
Four haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid.
Which of the following statements about microtubules during anaphase is TRUE?
Those attached to chromosomes shorten, while those that are unattached elongate.
In DNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with adenine?
Thymine
Which of the following is a true statement concerning protein synthesis?
Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
After cytokinesis, the cell enters the G1 phase.
True
At the end of meiosis I, there are two haploid cells, each with two chromatids per chromosome.
True
Cytosine and guanine form three hydrogen bonds between one another.
True
DNA replication results in two identical daughter molecules each consisting of one old (original) strand and one newly - synthesized strand.
True
Double - stranded DNA consists of two antiparallel strands, meaning that one strand is oriented in the 5' to 3' direction, while the other is oriented in the 3' to 5' direction.
True
The large ribosomal subunit joins the translation initiation complex after the small subunit has already joined.
True
The period between meiosis I and II is called interkinesis.
True
The point where separation of the DNA occurs in called the replication fork.
True
Which of the following is true of both mRNA and tRNA?
Uracil may be present.
Transcription occurs when ________________
a messenger RNA molecule is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus.
The set of three nucleotides on a molecule of tRNA is called a(n) _______________
anti-codon
In chromatin, DNA winds around disc-shaped clusters of eight proteins called _____________
histones
During translation, tRNA binds to the
large subunit of the ribosome.
During translation, tRNA binds to the __________________.
large subunit of the ribosome.
What is the product of transcription?
mRNA (The product of transcription is mRNA)
Which form of RNA is responsible for holding an amino acid in anticipation of protein synthesis:
tRNA
Which form of RNA is responsible for holding an amino acid in anticipation of protein synthesis?
tRNA
Translation occurs when ________________.
the blueprint of the RNA molecule is used to bind amino acids together to form proteins.