Human Anatomy Chapter 1

Gametes

sex cells

Cytology

study of cells; cellular anatomy; (greek- "hollow cell")

Histology

study of tissues; examines how groups of cells function; (histos-"web or tissue" logos- "study"

male reproductive system

the testes, prostate gland, and epididymis are organs of the ____________________

In the human body, epithelium is exemplified at which structural level of organization? cellular level tissue level chemical level organ level

tissue level

Superior

toward the head

Organs in the thoracic cavity include stomach trachea heart lungs small intestines

trachea (also an organ of the mediastinum, which is part of the thoracic cavity) heart (also an organ of the mediastinum, which is part of the thoracic cavity) lungs

The four types of tissues and their general roles in the human body are

(1) epithelial tissue (covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities) (2) connective tissue (protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs) (3) muscle tissue (produces movement) (4) nervous tissue (conducts impulses for internal communication).

transverse plane

A ________ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts

Organelle

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

plantar

Calcaneal is to heel as ___________ is to sole of the foot

urinary system

Cleanses the blood. Rids the body of wastes. Maintains salt and water balance.

integumentary system

Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail

cardiovascular system

Distributes hormones, nutrients, and gases; picks up waste products

Which of the following approaches to gross anatomy is specifically concerned with developmental changes occurring prior to birth? Embryology Developmental anatomy Comparative anatomy Systemic anatomy

Embryology

Which of the abdominopelvic regions typically contains the spleen?

Left hypochondriac region

Organ Systems

Locations and major components of the 11 organ systems of the human body

ulnar

Medial aspect of the forearm (more specific than antebrachial)

Pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

pleura

Membrane surrounding the lungs

Muscular System

Muscles are major organs of the __________ system

Growth and Development

Organisms grow and develop according to specific instructions coded for by their genes.

organ level

Organs are made up of different types of tissues

lymph vessels spleen lymph nodes

Organs of the lymphatic system include lymph vessels spleen lymph nodes liver larynx

_____________ anatomy examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease.

Pathology

Sacral

Posterior region between the hip bones

____________ anatomy studies the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as ultrasound.

Radiographic

integumentary system

Skin and hair are major organs of the _____________ system

integumentary system

Synthesizes vitamin D; prevents water loss

skeletal system

The __________ system stores calcium and phosphorus, and is the site of the hemopoiesis

digestive system

The ___________ system digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.

Vertebral

The _____________ canal contain the spinal cord.

integumentary system

The ________________ system functions in providing protection, regulating body temperature, and preventing water loss.

respiratory system

The _________system is responsible for the exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs.

inguinal

The anatomical term describing the groin is [Groin (sometimes used to indicate just the crease in the junction of the thigh with the trunk)]

Tarsal

The anatomical term for ankle is ______

midsagittal plane

Which anatomic plane, one that extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right and left portions, is often used to show internal body parts, especially in the head and thoracic organs?

cardiovascular system

Which organ system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels?

Tissues

_____ are a precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions.

Which anatomic directional term means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure"?

deep

What is the function of the respiratory system? exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs regulates body temperature move blood through blood vessels regulate body and cellular growth

exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs

Organs of the female reproductive system include ovary urethra uterus scrotum vagina

ovary uterus vagina

Orbital

pertaining to the bony eye socket

Buccal

pertaining to the cheek

mental

pertaining to the chin

Coxal

pertaining to the hip

oral

pertaining to the mouth

General functions of the muscular system

produces body movement generates heat

endocrine system

regulates body and cellular growth

digestive system

responsible for nutrient absorption

epigastric region

superior to the umbilical region; above the stomach

hypochondriac region

to the right and left of the epigastric region (under ribs)

Which answers correctly describe the lymphatic system? consists of blood and blood vessels expels waste products transports and filters lymph can initiate an immune response

transports and filters lymph can initiate an immune response

buccal; mental

The anatomical term for cheek is _______ while the anatomical term for chin is ____________.

Pectoral

The anatomical term for chest is

digits

The anatomical term for fingers or toes is _____________

Cephalic

The anatomical term for head is

Lumbar

The anatomical term for lower back is

Umbilical

The anatomical term for navel

nasal

The anatomical term for nose is

Tarsal

The anatomical term for the ankle or the root of the foot is

Occipital

The anatomical term for the back of the head is

pubic

The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is

antebrachial

The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is ________

Femoral

The anatomical term for thigh is

nervous system

The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are organs of which system?

medial

The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body" is

Axillary

The correct anatomical term for armpit

Digestive System

The esophagus, stomach, and large intestine are organs of the digestive system.

urinary system

The kidneys and ureters are organs of ________ system

Reproduction

all organisms produce new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair

Olecranal

back of elbow

Endocrine system

consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions.

endocrine system

consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones.

Organs

contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions

Which answers correctly describe the urinary system? produces sex cells expels urine from the body filters the blood distributes nutrients and gases throughout the body removes waste products from blood

expels urine from the body filters the blood removes waste products from blood

urinary system

filters the blood; concentrates waste products

Antecubital

front of elbow

Muscular System

generates heat

hallux

great toe (big toe)

Gametes

have the ability to develop into a new living organism

hypogastric region

inferior to the umbilical region;

peritoneum

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

sural

The anatomical term for the calf is____

Crural

The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is

respiratory system

The lungs, bronchi, and trachea are organs of the _____________ system.

oblique plane

The plane known as the _________ plane passes through the specimen at an angle.

anatomic position

The position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.

organ system level

When the nose, pharynx, and trachea collaborate to clean, warm, humidify, and conduct air from the atmosphere to the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs, which level of organization is depicted.

female reproductive system

Which organ system produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization of the oocyte?

Responsiveness

all organisms sense and respond to changes in their internal or external environment

Choose all that correctly describe the nervous system. filters lymph helps control all other organ systems of the body removes waste products from blood responsible for consciousness responds to sensory stimuli

helps control all other organ systems of the body responsible for consciousness responds to sensory stimuli

Which are organs of the skeletal system? muscles ribs skull liver

ribs (bones are organs or the skeletal system) skull (bones are organs or the skeletal system)

Medial

toward the midline

caudal

toward the tail

Organs of the cardiovascular system include lymphatic vessels veins the heart lungs arteries

veins the heart arteries (b/c arteries contain more than one tissue type, they are considered organs.)

male reporductive system

Which organ system produces sperm cells? urinary system endocrine system female reproductive system male reproductive system

lumbar region (left and right)

abdominal regions to left and right of umbilical region (where your love handles or muffin top are)

Lateral

away from the midline