Human Anatomy Chapter 1
Gametes
sex cells
Cytology
study of cells; cellular anatomy; (greek- "hollow cell")
Histology
study of tissues; examines how groups of cells function; (histos-"web or tissue" logos- "study"
male reproductive system
the testes, prostate gland, and epididymis are organs of the ____________________
In the human body, epithelium is exemplified at which structural level of organization? cellular level tissue level chemical level organ level
tissue level
Superior
toward the head
Organs in the thoracic cavity include stomach trachea heart lungs small intestines
trachea (also an organ of the mediastinum, which is part of the thoracic cavity) heart (also an organ of the mediastinum, which is part of the thoracic cavity) lungs
The four types of tissues and their general roles in the human body are
(1) epithelial tissue (covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities) (2) connective tissue (protects, supports, and interconnects body parts and organs) (3) muscle tissue (produces movement) (4) nervous tissue (conducts impulses for internal communication).
transverse plane
A ________ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts
Organelle
A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell
deep
Away from the body surface; more internal
plantar
Calcaneal is to heel as ___________ is to sole of the foot
urinary system
Cleanses the blood. Rids the body of wastes. Maintains salt and water balance.
integumentary system
Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail
cardiovascular system
Distributes hormones, nutrients, and gases; picks up waste products
Which of the following approaches to gross anatomy is specifically concerned with developmental changes occurring prior to birth? Embryology Developmental anatomy Comparative anatomy Systemic anatomy
Embryology
Which of the abdominopelvic regions typically contains the spleen?
Left hypochondriac region
Organ Systems
Locations and major components of the 11 organ systems of the human body
ulnar
Medial aspect of the forearm (more specific than antebrachial)
Pericardium
Membrane surrounding the heart
pleura
Membrane surrounding the lungs
Muscular System
Muscles are major organs of the __________ system
Growth and Development
Organisms grow and develop according to specific instructions coded for by their genes.
organ level
Organs are made up of different types of tissues
lymph vessels spleen lymph nodes
Organs of the lymphatic system include lymph vessels spleen lymph nodes liver larynx
_____________ anatomy examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease.
Pathology
Sacral
Posterior region between the hip bones
____________ anatomy studies the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as ultrasound.
Radiographic
integumentary system
Skin and hair are major organs of the _____________ system
integumentary system
Synthesizes vitamin D; prevents water loss
skeletal system
The __________ system stores calcium and phosphorus, and is the site of the hemopoiesis
digestive system
The ___________ system digests food materials, absorbs nutrients, and expels waste products.
Vertebral
The _____________ canal contain the spinal cord.
integumentary system
The ________________ system functions in providing protection, regulating body temperature, and preventing water loss.
respiratory system
The _________system is responsible for the exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs.
inguinal
The anatomical term describing the groin is [Groin (sometimes used to indicate just the crease in the junction of the thigh with the trunk)]
Tarsal
The anatomical term for ankle is ______
midsagittal plane
Which anatomic plane, one that extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right and left portions, is often used to show internal body parts, especially in the head and thoracic organs?
cardiovascular system
Which organ system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels?
Tissues
_____ are a precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions.
Which anatomic directional term means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure"?
deep
What is the function of the respiratory system? exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs regulates body temperature move blood through blood vessels regulate body and cellular growth
exchange of gases between blood and the air in the lungs
Organs of the female reproductive system include ovary urethra uterus scrotum vagina
ovary uterus vagina
Orbital
pertaining to the bony eye socket
Buccal
pertaining to the cheek
mental
pertaining to the chin
Coxal
pertaining to the hip
oral
pertaining to the mouth
General functions of the muscular system
produces body movement generates heat
endocrine system
regulates body and cellular growth
digestive system
responsible for nutrient absorption
epigastric region
superior to the umbilical region; above the stomach
hypochondriac region
to the right and left of the epigastric region (under ribs)
Which answers correctly describe the lymphatic system? consists of blood and blood vessels expels waste products transports and filters lymph can initiate an immune response
transports and filters lymph can initiate an immune response
buccal; mental
The anatomical term for cheek is _______ while the anatomical term for chin is ____________.
Pectoral
The anatomical term for chest is
digits
The anatomical term for fingers or toes is _____________
Cephalic
The anatomical term for head is
Lumbar
The anatomical term for lower back is
Umbilical
The anatomical term for navel
nasal
The anatomical term for nose is
Tarsal
The anatomical term for the ankle or the root of the foot is
Occipital
The anatomical term for the back of the head is
pubic
The anatomical term for the central-most anterior region of the pelvis is
antebrachial
The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist is ________
Femoral
The anatomical term for thigh is
nervous system
The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are organs of which system?
medial
The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the midline of the body" is
Axillary
The correct anatomical term for armpit
Digestive System
The esophagus, stomach, and large intestine are organs of the digestive system.
urinary system
The kidneys and ureters are organs of ________ system
Reproduction
all organisms produce new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair
Olecranal
back of elbow
Endocrine system
consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions.
endocrine system
consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones.
Organs
contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions
Which answers correctly describe the urinary system? produces sex cells expels urine from the body filters the blood distributes nutrients and gases throughout the body removes waste products from blood
expels urine from the body filters the blood removes waste products from blood
urinary system
filters the blood; concentrates waste products
Antecubital
front of elbow
Muscular System
generates heat
hallux
great toe (big toe)
Gametes
have the ability to develop into a new living organism
hypogastric region
inferior to the umbilical region;
peritoneum
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
sural
The anatomical term for the calf is____
Crural
The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is
respiratory system
The lungs, bronchi, and trachea are organs of the _____________ system.
oblique plane
The plane known as the _________ plane passes through the specimen at an angle.
anatomic position
The position of reference in which the patient stands facing you, arms at the side, with the palms of the hands forward.
organ system level
When the nose, pharynx, and trachea collaborate to clean, warm, humidify, and conduct air from the atmosphere to the gas exchange surfaces in the lungs, which level of organization is depicted.
female reproductive system
Which organ system produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization of the oocyte?
Responsiveness
all organisms sense and respond to changes in their internal or external environment
Choose all that correctly describe the nervous system. filters lymph helps control all other organ systems of the body removes waste products from blood responsible for consciousness responds to sensory stimuli
helps control all other organ systems of the body responsible for consciousness responds to sensory stimuli
Which are organs of the skeletal system? muscles ribs skull liver
ribs (bones are organs or the skeletal system) skull (bones are organs or the skeletal system)
Medial
toward the midline
caudal
toward the tail
Organs of the cardiovascular system include lymphatic vessels veins the heart lungs arteries
veins the heart arteries (b/c arteries contain more than one tissue type, they are considered organs.)
male reporductive system
Which organ system produces sperm cells? urinary system endocrine system female reproductive system male reproductive system
lumbar region (left and right)
abdominal regions to left and right of umbilical region (where your love handles or muffin top are)
Lateral
away from the midline