Human Anatomy Midterm Review

Why is ATP categorized as a nucleic acid?

ATP is a modified nucleotide with three phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following contains sodium?

NaCl

Which of the following statements about RNA is true?

RNA is single stranded

An atom's outermost shell is known as its ____ shell.

valence

The abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities are subdivisions of the ____ cavity.

ventral

The two major body cavities are ____ and ____.

ventral; dorsal

Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound?

water

Which of these vitamins is produced in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

Vitamin D

The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of ____ process.

active

Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary?

adenine and thymine

The most common steroid is ____.

cholesterol

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ____.

cytokinesis

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ____.

cytoplasm

The ____ is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell.

cytoskeleton

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ____.

cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: ____, ____, and ____.

deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

____, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

desmosomes

Which two organ systems include the pancreas?

digestive and endocrine systems

The ____ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ____ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine.

digestive; urinary

The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the ____ cavity.

dorsal

The vertebral region is ____ to the sternal region.

dorsal (posterior)

Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ____ bonds between carbon atoms.

double

The component of a control system that provides the means for the control center's response (output) is called the ____.

effector

The movement of ions across plasma membranes is an example of ____.

electrical energy

The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ____.

electrons

The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the ____.

endocrine system

Which region is medial?: - right lumbar region - right hypochondriac region - left lumbar region - epigastric region

epigastric region

Saturated fats ____.

exist as solids at room temperature

The orbital cavities house the ____.

eyes

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons during bonding are known as isotopes.

false

Hydrogen bonds are very strong bonds that hold together water molecules.

false

Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy.

false

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

flagellum

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ____.

forward

Enzymes are examples of ____ proteins.

globular (functional)

Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar?

glucose

Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?

glycogen

The major organs of the cardiovascular system are the ____.

heart and blood vessels

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ____.

homeostasis

The phospholipid tails are ____, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

hydrophobic

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the ____ region.

hypogastric (pubic)

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?

increased temperature

The hypogastric (pubic) region is ____ to the umbilical region.

inferior

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues?

integumentary system

The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ____ fluid.

intracellular

What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?

ionic bond

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons are known as ____.

ions

A solution with a pH of 7 ____.

is neutral

Anything that has mass and takes up space is considered to be ____.

matter

The epigastric region is ____ to the right hypochondriac region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

medial

The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the ____.

mediastinum

____ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body.

metabolism

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ____.

mitochondrion

The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ____ system.

muscular

Isotopes have different numbers of ____; thus they also have different ____.

neutrons; atomic masses

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study?: - making a section through the kidney to observe its interior, - examining the surface of a bone, - viewing muscle tissue through a microscope, - studying how the layers of the skin are organized, - observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body is a(n) ____.

organ

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ____.

organelles

Compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen bonding are collectively termed ____ compounds.

organic

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ____.

osmosis

The most common element in the human body is ____.

oxygen

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ____.

polysaccharides

The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the ____.

proteins

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ____ an atom contains.

protons

Atomic mass is equivalent to the number of ____ in an atom.

protons and neutrons

The atomic number of an atom reveals the number of ____.

protons in the atomic nucleus

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ____ system.

cardiovascular

An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ____.

cation

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ____.

cell

The purpose of ____ is to produce two genetically identical cells.

cell division

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body? - cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level - chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level - cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ system level, organismal level, organ level - cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level - chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level

chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level

A solution with a pH of 11.7 is ____ times more basic (alkaline) than a solution with a pH of 8.7.

1000

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is ____.

14

Normal human body temperature is ____° C (or ____° F).

37; 98

An atom with an atomic number of 14 will have ____ electrons in its valence shell.

4

The abdominopelvic cavity has ____ quadrants and ____ regions.

4; 9

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ____.

anatomy

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ____ in humans.

anterior

Elements are composed of building blocks known as ____.

atoms

The building blocks of ALL matter are known as ____.

atoms

The armpit area is called the ____ region.

axillary

Enzymes are ____.

biological catalysts

What is the major function of the lymphatic system?

return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system

The majority of the liver and the gallbladder are situated in the ____ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

right hypochondriac

The muscular system consists of the ____.

skeletal muscles

An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be ____.

stable

The net effect of the effector is to shut off the original ____, or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis.

stimulus

The femoral region is ____ to the crural region.

superior (proximal)

The main function of the respiratory system is to ____.

supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for ____.

surface tension

The building blocks of a triglyceride are ____.

three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule

The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ____.

thymine

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ____ and ____.

transcription; translation

The diaphragm creates a ____ section between the thoracic and abdominal body cavities.

transverse (cross)

The number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element.

true

Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body.

true

The navel is located in the ____ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.

umbilical

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ____.

unequally between atoms