Human Behavior Exam #2 Quiz Questions

Predicting behaviors is difficult when: _____________________. Select one: a. A situation is well understood b. A situation elicits multiple attitudes c. A situation elicits one attitude d. A situation is not well understood

A situation elicits multiple attitudes

The use of tactics to impose roles and identities on others is known as: Select one: a. supplication b. altercasting c. definition of the situation d. tactical impression management

Altercasting

______________ refers to the process that an observer uses to infer the causes of another's behavior. Select one: a. stereotype threat b. social perception c. prototype d. attribution

Attribution

Every time Mike hears the term "Russian" he associates it with negative terms such as "evil" and "dangerous." Mike develops a negative attitude about Russians. This is an example of: Select one: a. reinforcement b. classical conditioning c. observation d. operant conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Sara does not approve of drinking. Last night, due to peer pressure, she had a glass of wine during dinner. Afterward, Sara will most likely experience: Select one: a. cognitive consonance b. the disincentive effect c. cognitive dissonance d. sentiment relations

Cognitive Dissonance

Which of the following is NOT an example of a heuristic that we may use as a mental shortcut in characterizing social situations: Select one: a. anchoring and adjustment b. representativeness c. commonality d. availability

Commonality

All of the following are unit relations of balance theory, except: Select one: a. null b. negative c. destructive d. positive

Destructive

Types of aligning actions include: Select one: a. cooling-out and identity degradation b. disclaimers and accounts c. supplication and ingratiation d. front regions and back regions

Disclaimer and Accounts

Joe strongly dislikes and feels uncomfortable with foreign students. This is an example of which attitude component? Select one: a. cognitive b. behavioral c. affective d. evaluative

Evaluative

According to some theorists, attributions of success and failure can be attributed to four factors: ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck. Task difficulty depends on objective task characteristics, so it is: Select one: a. internal and stable b. internal and unstable c. external and stable d. external and unstable

External and Stable

A doctor is in her back region when she interacts with patients and maintains professional etiquette associated with her occupation. Select one: True False

False

A stereotype is a: Select one: a. formation of an impression of a person based on a first meeting b. fixed set of characteristics attributed to all members of a given group. c. attributing a behavior to the internal state of a person who performed it d. quick way of selecting schemas to help make effective choices in social situations

Fixed set of characteristics attributed to all members of a given group

Overestimating the importance of personal (dispositional) factors and underestimating situational influences as causes of behavior is known as what type of error in attribution? Select one: a. focus-of-attention bias b. fundamental error attribution c. actor-observer difference d. motivational biases

Fundamental Error Attribution

Heath is vegan and feels that it is the best way to eat. He believes that harming (and domesticating) animals is morally wrong. He also believes that relying only on plant-based sources of food is best for the earth, and he feels that consuming animal-based products is unhealthy. Finally, he believes that if everyone were vegan we would have less hunger in the world. This is an example of _____________. Select one: a. vertical structure b. horizontal structure c. primitive beliefs d. unit relations

Horizontal Structure

Because he has been imprisoned before, Jim is no longer allowed to vote and has great difficulty in getting a job. This is an example of: Select one: a. self-disclosure b. cooling-out c. identity degradation d. stigma

Identity Degradation

Which of the following is not a component of an attitude? Select one: a. Beliefs b. Evaluation c. Behavioral Predisposition d. Norms

Norms

"Playing dumb" reflects which tactic of ingratiation? Select one: a. opinion conformity b. other enhancement c. supplication d. selective self-presentation

Other Enhancement

Tyrone met Cindy for the first time at the office Halloween party last week. Tyrone thought Cindy was nice, kind, funny, and attractive. If Tyrone should encounter Cindy again, he'll view her in a positive light. This is an example of the: Select one: a. primacy effect b. fundamental attribution error c. recency effect d. trait centrality

Primacy Effect

When asked to explain his attitudes on many topics, such as the death penalty, welfare reform, and abortion, Sean relies on his faith in God and the Bible to justify his position. Sean's attitudes rest on a _____________. Select one: a. Foundational belief b. Primitive belief c. Sentiment relation d. Evaluative belief

Primitive belief

Consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness are three types of information used in the process of determining whether a behavior is caused by the actor, object, or context. This represents the application of: Select one: a. social desirability b. attribution c. principle of covariation d. bias

Principle of Covariation

_______________ is defined as a well-organized structure of cognitions about some social entity such as a person, group, role, or event. Select one: a. cognition b. schema c. categorization d. halo effect

Schema

Ziggy needed a roommate to share his apartment, so he placed an ad online. Justin replied, and they emailed back and forth, discussing their work, hobbies, and feelings about the local basketball team. Ziggy and Justin are engaging in _____________. Select one: a. tactical impression management b. self-disclosure c. opinion conformity d. supplication

Self-disclosure

Jake is a waiter at the local diner. He dislikes waiting on teenagers because he believes they are bad tippers. He prefers to spend his time and energy on ensuring that his older (and, he believes, better tipping) customers get great service, often at the expense of his teenaged customers. As a result, the teens that Jake serves tip him poorly. This is an example of ___________. Select one: a. stereotype threat b. fundamental attribution error c. self-fulfilling prophecy d. focus-of-attention bias

Self-fulfilling prophecy

While working on a class project together, Fatima shares with Petra that she reads and writes some letter backwards and therefore receives extra time on exams. Which of the following responses from Petra would align with the norm of reciprocity in disclosure: Select one: a. Nodding her head and saying nothing b. Sharing that English is her favorite subject c. Sharing that she stuttered as a child and gets nervous before oral presentations d. Sharing that she fears romantic commitment following her parents' divorce

Sharing that she stuttered as a child and gets nervous before oral presentations

Attitudes are more likely to predict behavior when the two are at the same level of ___________. Select one: a. Specificity b. Accuracy c. Precision d. Size

Specificity

Susan studied for her engineering final for almost two weeks. The day of the exam she overhears her engineering professor talking about how women just can't do as well as men in the STEM fields. Susan goes to take her final, but is unable to perform well. This is an example of: Select one: a. stereotype threat b. fundamental attribution error c. impression formation d. representativeness

Stereotype threat

Social interactions are guided by a shared understanding of social reality which includes the roles and identities of people involved in the interaction as well as the appropriate actions and behaviors relevant to the interaction. This shared understanding is known as: Select one: a. impression management b. identity control theory c. the definition of the situation d. aligning actions

The definition of the situation

The idea that attitudes help us obtain our needs and goals is which function of attitudes? Select one: a. the correspondence function b. the value expressive function c. the knowledge function d. the instrumental function

The instrumental function

A restaurant worker who is required to remain polite to rude customers uses tactical impression management to control emotional expressions on the job. Select one: True False

True

In boot camp, drill sergeants often call new soldiers degrading names, like "maggots" or tell them they are no better than a dog. This is an example of identity degradation. Select one: True False

True