Human Biology Ch. 11& 12 - Nervous & Sensory System

During periods of stress or increased activity, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates during periods of rest the sympathetic division of the autonomic system predominates T OR F

F

all cells that make up the nervous system have excitable membranes T OR F

F

cranial nerve XI is the accessory nerve that controls tongue movement

F

the strength and duration of a stimulus determine the amplitude of an action potential T OR F

F

the two major subdivisions of the nervous system are the central and limbic system T OR F

F

motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system transmit impulses away from the central nervous system T OR F

T

part of the diencephalon structure is formed by the hypothalamus T OR F

T

repolarization of a neuron to the resting state required the activation of sodium-potassium pumps T OR F

T

the collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord is called the cauda equina T OR F

T

there is no possibility of damaging the spinal cord below the third lumbar vertebra T OR F

T

which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward while sodium is actively transported out of the cell a. 2,1,4,3 b. 2,1,3,4 c. 3,2,4,1 d. 1,2,4,3 e. 4,1,3,2

a. 2,1,4,3

which of the following statements correctly characterizes an action potential? a. action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold b. action potentials reverse the membrane potential so that the interior is negatively charged and the exterior is positively charged c. a stronger action potential will travel faster than a weaker action potential d. action potentials are more likely to result when the membrane is hyperpolarized

a. action potentials are initiated by depolarization of the membrane to threshold

the schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the a. axon b. nodes of ranvier c. dendrites d. nucleus e. cell body

a. axon

region of the brain that coordinated antagonistic muscle movements? a. cerebellum b. pons c. medulla oblongata d. thalamus e. occipital lobe

a. cerebellum

a spinal reflex required the participation of each of the following except: a. cerebral cortex b. sensory neuron c. interneuron d. motor neuron

a. cerebral cortex

color blindness usually results from a decrease in the number of a. cones b. rods c. optic discs d. ciliary muscles e. foveas

a. cones

the transparent covering of the front of the eye is the a. cornea b. pupil c. lens d. iris e. fovea centralis

a. cornea

the neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called a. dendrites b. neurolemmas c. schwann cells d. satellite cells e. axons

a. dendrites

which of the following carry incoming messages toward the cell body of a neuron? a. dendrites b. supporting cells c. axons d. actin filaments e. myosin filaments

a. dendrites

muscles and glands are a. effectors b. myelinated c. part of the central nervous system d. receptors e. part of the peripheral nervous system

a. effectors

which one of the following nerves serves the anterior tongue? a. facial b. vestibular c. glossopharyngeal d. vagus e. cochlear

a. facial

which of the following correctly pairs the structure with its major functions? a. hypothalamus - regulates body temperature, heart rate, and hunger b. thalamus - coordinates balance c. cerebellum - regulates memory, learning and speech d. brainstem - input center for sensory data going to the cerebrum e. all of the above are correct

a. hypothalamus - regulates body temperature, heart rate, and hunger

Which part of the eye gives the eye its color ? a. iris b. pupil c. vitreous humor d. sclera e. retina

a. iris

impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are a. myelinated b. cerebral c. unmyelinated d. sensory e. motor

a. myelinated

when a sound wave first arrives to the ear, the wave is directed toward the auditory canal by a. pinna b. receptors on the head c. vestibular apparatus d. tympanic membranes e. auditory tube

a. pinna

what causes the inside of a membrane to become positively charged during an action potential? a. positively charged ions rush in b. negatively charged ions are destroyed c. negatively charged ions switch to become positively charged d. positively charged ions are created e. negatively charged ions rush out

a. positively charged ions rush in

during which of the following phases of an action potential do the sodium channels close and potassium channels open, releasing potassium from the neuron a. repolarization b. both depolarization and repolarization c. saltatory conduction d. depolarization e. reestablishment of resting potential

a. repolarization

which of these cells are not a type of neuroglia found in the CNS a. schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. microglia d. ependymal cells e. astrocytes

a. schwann cells

the fibrous outermost tunic seen anteriorly as the white of the eye is the a. sclera b. choroid c. fovea centralis d. cornea e. retina

a. sclera

as you prepare to head off to class, you reach up to grab a pencil, but pole the tip of your finger. Quickly and without thinking, you pull your hand back. Which of the following is the correct sequence of neuronal action involved in this reflexive response? a. sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron b. motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron c. interneuron, sensory neuron, motor neuron d. sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron e. motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron

a. sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron

all of the following are directly involved in synaptic transmission except a. voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane b. chemical-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane c. Ca2+ d. neurotransmitters

a. voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane

what is the CN VI associated with and what does it do ?

abducens; innervates 1/5 extrinsic muscles of the eye

the two major divisions of the nervous system are the a. voluntary and involuntary b. CNS and PNS c. sensory and motor d. ANS and SNS e. sympathetic and parasympathetic

b. CNS and PNS

during synaptic transmission, influx of ____ cause vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ____. a. neurons, mitochondrion b. Ca2+, neurotransmitter c. mitochondrion, neurons d. neurotransmitters, Ca2+ e. vesicles, neurons

b. Ca2+, neurotransmitter

which one of the following best describes the waxy-appearing material called myelin: a. a lipid-protein (lipoprotein) cell membrane on the outside of axons b. a mass of white lipid material that insulated the axon of a neuron c. an outer membrane on a neuroglial cell d. a mass of white lipid material that surrounds the dendrites of a neuron e. a mass of white material that surrounds the cell bodies of a neuron

b. a mass of white lipid material that insulates the axon of a neuron

the brain and spinal cord make up the a. sensory nervous system b. central nervous system c. sympathetic nervous system d. parasympathetic nervous system

b. central nervous system

the central nervous system is enclosed by membranes or meninges called the a. dura mater, alma mater, and pia mater b. dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid c. fore, mid and hind meninges d. pleura, parietal, and arachnoid e. glial, schwann, and interstitial

b. dura mater, pia mater , and arachnoid

outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1, which cells protect, insulate, and reinforce neurons? a. axon cells b. glial cells c. sensory cells d. motor cells e. satellite cells

b. glial cells

the pituitary gland is most closely associated with the a. thalamus b. hypothalamus c. medulla oblongata d. midbrain e. pineal gland

b. hypothalamus

which part of the brain is responsible for regulating the heart and respiratory rates and blood pressure ? a. cerebral cortex b. medulla oblongata c. cerebellum d. thalamus

b. medulla oblongata

the effects of the sympathetic nervous system are essentially opposite of the a. autonomic nervous system b. parasympathetic nervous system c. sensory division d. central nervous system e. motor division

b. parasympathetic system

which of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body? a. ampulla and cupula b. semicircular canals c. vestibule d. oval window e. stapes

b. semicircular canals

which one of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system a. most glands b. skeletal muscle c. cardiac muscle d. smooth muscle e. abdominal organs

b. skeletal muscle

realizing that you did not study as much as you needed for this exam, you start to take the test. However, it is difficult to concentrate because your heart is racing, your stomach seems tied in a knot, you are breathing too quickly, and your mouth is dry. Most likely, you are experiencing the effects of the ____ a. parasympathetic nervous system b. sympathetic nervous system c. central nervous system d. somatic nervous system e. spinal cord reflexes

b. sympathetic nervous system

the gap between two communicating neurons is termed a. schwann cells b. synaptic cleft c. node of ranvier d. cell body e. effector

b. synaptic cleft

the minimum change in a membrane's voltage that must occur to trigger an action potential is the a. triggering voltage b. threshold c. triggering charge d. minimum voltage e. voltage potential

b. threshold

the following is a list of structures in the eye through which light passes. which answer best describes the order in which light passes through or hits each structure 1. lens 2. pupil 3. cornea 4. aqueous humor 5. retina a. 5,4,2,1,3 b. 3,1,2,4,5 c. 3,4,2,1,5 d. 3,4,5,2,1 e. 3,2,4,1,5

c. 3,4,2,1,5

which of the following is (are) part of the central nervous system ? a. nerves b. ganglia c. brain and spinal cord d. brain only e. spinal cord only

c. brain and spinal cord

the coordination necessary for a musician to play the piano depends on the control exerted by the a. thalamus b. cerebral cortex c. cerebellum d. medulla oblongata

c. cerebellum

you start to trip, but you keep your balance and don't fall. Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you from falling? a. cerebrum b. hypothalamus c. cerebellum d. cerebral cortex e. thalamus

c. cerebellum

which of the following effects is characteristic of the parasympathetic nervous system a. stimulates sweat glands to produce perspiration b. decreases urine output c. decreases heart rate d. increases metabolic rate e. decreases activity of digestive system

c. decreases heart rate

which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges a. arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater b. pia mater, dura pmater, arachnoid mater c. dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater d. pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater e. dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater

c. dura mater, arachnoid mate, pia mater

lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements a. occipital lobe b. parietal lobe c. frontal lobe d. diencephalon e. temporal lobe

c. frontal lobe

the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the a. hypothalamus b. diencephalon c. brain stem d. cerebellum e. pineal gland

c. hypothalamus

the auditory ossicle called the anvil is also called the a. malleus b. cochlea c. incus d. stapes e. bony labyrinth

c. incus

integration _____ a. inevitably results in the attainment of a threshold potential b. occurs at the axon c. is the interpretation of sensory signals and the formulation of responses d. is the assimilation of memories by the limbic system e. occurs only at sensory neurons

c. is the interpretation of sensory signals and the formulation of responses

the three major parts of the brain stem are the a. cerebrum, cerebellum and diencephalon b. dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater c. midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata d. thalamus, epithalamus, and hypothalamus e. basal nuclei, pineal body, and choroid plexus

c. midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

which of the following cell types makes up the majority of cells in the nervous system ? a. sensory neurons b. motor neurons c. neuroglial cells d. interneurons

c. neuroglial cells

the blind spot is associated with the a. vitreous humor b. fovea centralis c. optic disc d. lens e. choroid

c. optic disc

standing out in center field, the baseball player watches the hitter's bat strike the ball and then, slightly later, hears the sound of the impact. What types of sensory receptors did the player just use? a. chemoreceptors and pain receptors b. motion receptors and chemoreceptors c. photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors d. thermoreceptors and chemoreceptors e. pain receptors and thermoreceptors

c. photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors

____ receive a physical or chemical stimulus and ultimately cause nerve impulses to be generated in sensory neurons a. schwann cells b. the brain c. receptors d. axons e. hillocks

c. receptors

dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the a. cochlea b. vestibule c. semicircular canals d. malleus e. oval window

c. semicircular canals

information coming into the CNS arrives via _____ while information going fro the CNS to the muscles, glands, and organs travel via the ____ a. motor neurons; sensory neurons b. neuroglial cells; motor neurons c. sensory neurons; motor neurons d. sensory neurons; interneurons

c. sensory neurons; motor neurons

an action potential is caused my an influx of these ions into the cell a. potassiun b. calcium c. sodium d. both potassium and sodium e. magnesium

c. sodium

during repolarization of a neuron, a. sodium channels open to allow sodium ions to rush back out of the cell b. the membrane potential is eliminated c. sodium channels close and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily re-establish the membrane potential d. the sodium-potassium pump is turned off e. potassium channels close, preventing further loss of positive ions

c. sodium channels close and potassium rushes out of the cell to temporarily re-establish the membrane potential

preparing the body for fight or flight response during threatening situations is the role of the a. afferent nervous system b. somatic nervous system c. sympathetic nervous system d. cerebrum e. parasympathetic nervous system

c. sympathetic nervous system

thermoreceptors detect a. pressure b. light c. temperature d. sound e. motion

c. temperature

which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell a. vagus (X) b. facial nerve (VII) c. vestibular (VIII) d. olfactory nerve (I) e. glossopharyngeal (IX)

c. vestibular (VIII)

white matters refers to myelinated fibers in the a. PNS b. both ANS and SNS c. ANS d. CNS e. SNS

d. CNS

during brain surgery, the surgeon passes an instrument through the dura mater. which of the following does he pass through next? a. vertebrae b. bones of the skull c. cerebrospinal fluid d. arachnoid e. pia mater

d. arachnoid

oliogodendrocytes are similar to schwann cells in that they a. help neurons regenerate after injury b. conduct nerve impulses c. are located in the central nervous system d. are a type of neuroglial cells e. are located in the peripheral nervous system

d. are a type of neuroglial cell

which of the following influences the speed of the action potential? a. the presence of a myelin sheath b. the extent of depolarization that initiates the action potential c. the diameter of the axon d. both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

d. both the presence of a myelin sheath and the diameter of the axon

loss of muscle coordination results from damage to the a. midbrain b. cerebrum c. thalamuc d. cerebellum e. hypothalamus

d. cerebellum

the nerve that contains sensory fibers that are involved in hearing is a. cranial nerve IX b. cranial nerve II c. cranial nerve V d. cranial nerve VIII e. cranial nerve III

d. cranial nerve VIII

multiple sclerosis primarily involves a. destruction of the medulla oblongata b. deterioration of the corpus callosum c. destruction of regions of the cerebral cortex d. destruction of the myelin sheath e. deterioration of parts of the spinal cord

d. destruction of the myelin sheath

the elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are known as ____ while the shallow grooves are termed a. receptors; effectors b. sulci; hyri c. tracts; ganglia d. gyri; sulci e. ganglia; gyri

d. gyri; sulci

cells that provide direct protection and physical support to neurons are a. found primarily in lymphatic fluids b. only located in the spinal fluid c. nodes of ranvier d. neuroglial cells e. myelinated

d. neuroglial cells

the cells that carry electric signals from on part of the body to another in the nervous system are a. cell bodies b. dendrites c. synapses d. neurons e. effectors

d. neurons

the diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience a. a graded potential b. depolarization c. a nerve impulse d. repolarization e. an action potential

d. repolarization

which of the following neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system ? a. only interneurons b. interneuron and motor neuron c. interneuron and sensory neuron d. sensory neuron and motor neuron e. only sensory neurons

d. sensory neuron and motor neuron

preganglionic motor neurons of the ___ division of the nervous system originate in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord a. cerebral cortex b. paralumbar division c. parasympathetic d. sympathetic e. central nervous system

d. sympathetic

which of the following would cause an acceleration of heart rate, an increase in blood pressure, and a slowing of the digestive process? a. motor division of the somatic nervous system b. sensory branch of the central nervous system c. parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system d. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

d. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

saltatory conduction is a. an action potential generated in taste receptors or buds b. the movement of neurotransmitters across a synaptic cleft c. the movement of an electrical impulse from the dendrite to an axon d. the process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons e. the activation of the fight or flight response

d. the process of conduction leaping along myelinated neurons

when you hear, the _____ vibrates a. anvil b. hammer c. ear drum d. stirrup e. all of the above

e. all of the above

the malleus and incus function to a. sense static position b. channel sounds in the inner ear c. convert a long wave into an electrical impulse d. convert a sound wave into an electrical impulse e. amplify sound

e. amplify sound

the subarachnoid space lies directly between the a. skull and arachnoid mater b. arachnoid mater and cerebellum c. arachnoid mater and dura mater d. arachnoid mater, and cerebrum e. arachnoid mater, and pia mater

e. arachnoid mater, and pia mater

the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are subdivisions of the a. central nervous system b. voluntary nervous system c. peripheral nervous system d. somatic nervous system e. autonomic nervous system

e. autonomic nervous system

which of the following effects could result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system a. decreased heart rate b. constriction of the bronchi c. increased saliva production d. decreased rate of breathing e. decreased rate of digestion

e. decreased rate of digestion

As your jet takes off, you are pushed back in your seat and watch as the ground moves farther and farther away. suddenly, your ears pop, a result of air pressure changes in your ear permitted by the a. basilar membrane b. outer ear chamber c. auditory canal d. organ of corti e. eustachian tube

e. eustachian tube

the vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomitting are located in the a. midbrain b. pons c. hypothalamus d. cerebrum e. medulla oblongata

e. medulla oblongata

an ear infection following an illness such as a cold has passed from the through through the auditory tube to the a. outer ear b. inner ear c. semicircular canals d. eardrum e. middle ear

e. middle ear

afferent nerces are called ____ and motor nerves are called ____ a. peripheral nerves; peripheral nerves b. cranial nerves; peripheral nerves c. motor nerves; sensory nerves d. mixed nerves; motor nerves e. sensory nerves; efferent nerves

e. sensory nerves; efferent nerves

the function of the olfactory nerve concerns a. eye movement b. chewing c. vision d. hearing e. smell

e. smell

what is the CN VII associated with and what does it do ?

facial; muscles of facial expressions; salivary and lacrimal glands; sensory to anterior 2/3 of the tongue

what is the CN III associated with and what does it do ?

oculomotor; innervates 4/6 extrinsic muscles of the eye

What is the CN I associated with and what does it do?

olfactory; smell, fibers run through the cribiform plate and terminate in the olfactory bulb

what is the CN II associated with and what does it do ?

optic; vision, arises from the retina enter the cranium via optic foramina

what is the CN V associated with and what does it do?

trigeminal; sensory to face muscles of mastication; 3 branches (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)

what is the CN IV associated with and what does it do ?

trochlear; innervates 1/6 extrinsif muscles of the eye

what is the CN VIII associated with and what does it do ?

vestibulocochlear; vestibular branch responsible for equilibrium; cochlear branch responsible for hearing