Human Growth and Development Module 3
Donald Super
According to a theory proposed by ____, identity is a primary force in an adolescent's choice of career.
external
Preconventional moral reasoning is based on ____ forces.
11 years, 13 years
The average age of the onset of puberty in girls is ____, while the average age of onset of puberty in boys is ____.
concrete operational
The third stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which typically occurs between ages 7 and 11 years, is the ____ period.
130
Traditionally, giftedness was defined by having an IQ score of ____ or higher.
Bulimia nervosa
____ is a disease in which people binge eat and then purge by vomiting or using laxatives.
will be happiest in work environments that match their personalities.
The main assumption of Holland's theory is that people
Jobs that require the use of some skill tend to enhance self-esteem.
Which statement concerning part-time work and teenagers is true?
autonomy
Adolescents are more likely to achieve an identity when parents encourage discussion and recognize the adolescent's growing ____.
the imaginary audience
Patrick wakes up one morning to find that he has developed an enormous pimple right on the end of his nose. All throughout the school day he is absolutely sure that everyone is staring at the blemish, when in reality almost nobody cares enough about it to even look. Patrick's certainty that he is the focus of others' attention demonstrates ____.
False
T/F According to Erikson's theory, only adolescents with behavioral or psychological problems face a crisis between identity and role-confusion.
False
T/F Adolescent males and females both characterize their first sexual experiences as occurring in the context of love.
fail to monitor their activities.
Teenagers are more likely to engage in sexual activity when parents
comprehensive and emphasize responsibility
The most effective sex education programs are those that are _____.
hypothetical reasoning skills
What type of reasoning skills, usually developed during the formal-operational stage of Piaget's theory, are needed for an adolescent to experiment with different selves to learn more about possible identities?
foreclosure
When parents set rules with little justification and enforce them without explanation, adolescents are more likely to remain in the identity ____ status because they are prevented from experimenting with different selves, and simply do what they are told to do.
depression
Which disorder is associated with a pervasive feeling of sadness, irritability, low self-esteem, poor sleep, and difficulty concentrating?
The relationships are warm, loving, and satisfying.
Which of the following BEST encapsulates the majority of relationships between adolescents and their parents?
there is no single factor that best predicts adolescent sexual behavior
Which of the following is the single best predictor of adolescent sexual behavior?
friendship
A ____ is a voluntary relationship between two people involving mutual liking.
The child has an absence of adaptive skills and has difficulties adjusting to their surroundings.
A child who is diagnosed with a learning disability must meet all EXCEPT which of the following criteria?
motor vehicle accidents.
A primary cause of death that is common to both adolescent girls and boys is
direct instruction.
A style of controlling a child's behavior where the parent tells them what to do, when to do it, and why it should be done is called
Erik Erikson
According to ____, adolescents face a crisis between identity and role confusion. They must balance the desire to try out different selves with the need to select a single self.
storm and stress
According to novelists and filmmakers, the search for identity is described as a struggle, a time of ____ for adolescents.
the percentile of their body mass index
For children and adolescents, the technical definition of overweight is based on ____.
body image
Individuals with anorexia nervosa have a grossly distorted ____.
emotional
Making threats of physical or other harm is considered to be a form of _____ violence.
by comparing a child's score with the average score of same-age children.
On modern tests of intelligence, IQ scores are determined
neglect
One form of child maltreatment is called ____, and involves depriving a child of adequate food, clothing, and/or medical care.
the rewards associated with risky behavior are so appealing.
One reason that adolescents engage in risky behavior is because
emotional
Regulating the way one feels, recognizing how others feel, and correctly interpreting the facial expressions of others are all elements of ____ intelligence.
average
The ____ child in a classroom is liked by some classmates, and disliked by other classmates, but in neither case is there a high level of intensity to those feelings.
authoritarian
The ____ parenting style can be described as highly controlling but low in warmth.
deductive
The ability to draw a conclusion from a set of facts reflects ____ reasoning.
peer pressure
The textbook identifies three ways in which the environment can contribute to differences in test scores. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
blended
There was this family—maybe you've heard of them. There was a father who had three sons, and he married a woman with three daughters. They were a really fun "bunch." This group is an example of a(n) ____ family.
warmth and responsiveness & parental control
Which of the following are the two dimensions that differentiate various parenting styles?
time-out
Which of the following discipline techniques combines the best features of punishment while also avoiding its drawbacks?
MA/CA X 100
Which of the following is the correct formula for determining one's intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure that was first employed in intelligence testing by Lewis Terman in 1916?
moderate
With regard to the level of behavioral control parents assert over children, research finds that a(n) ____ amount of control is best for children.
Instrumental
____ aggression occurs when a child uses aggressive actions to achieve an explicit goal.
Peer pressure
____ is often regarded as an irresistible harmful force, but research has found that it can have positive consequences as well.
Puberty
____ refers to a collection of physical changes that marks the onset of adolescence, including changes height, weight and body composition, and transitions in sexual maturation.
Prejudice
____ refers to a view of other people, usually a negative view, based on their membership in a specific group.